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CB&P _ RCN 2010 1
CULTURALBELIEFS
ANDPRACTICES
R.C. Ngalande
UPG 2010
DATE: JUNE 2010
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Purpose
Midwives need torecognise
respect
appreciate
the positive aspect of the folk health
system in order to provide comprehensive
therapeutic and meaningful healthservices to clients and their families
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GROUP WORK1. Identify 2 harmful and 2 harmless cultural beliefs, and practices
from each region related to Pregnancy, L&D and puerperium
2. Discuss the benefits and risks of the identified practices and
environmental issues
3. Describe the strategies midwives can use to reinforce and
discourage the harmful practices
4. Explain the challenges of culture of a professional midwife
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Objectives
1. Define the following terms
a. Cultureb. Acculturation
c. Assimilation
d. Cultural Imposition
e. Cultural Exclusion
f. Trans-cultureg. Ethnocentrism
2. Explain the trans-cultural theory and its significance
3. Differentiate profession and folk health care systems
4. Explain how a midwife would assess cultural system
of a client
5. Discuss how midwives can develop cultural
awareness in the community they work
6. Discuss environmental issues that influence the outcome of
pregnancy
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Definition of Some Terms
Culture:Acquired knowledge people use to interpretexperiences and is passed and consists of 3overlapping factors; shared characteristics,tradition and beliefs
Accultiration:
Process of reforming ones cultural beliefscustoms because of mixing with other people
Assimilation:
Process of loosing cultural identity to a biggergroup
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Definition Of Some Terms cont.
Traditions:
These are practices that have been
maintained for a long time and ispassed down to children by parents
through socialization issues passed
on are language, habits, values,
beliefs and rules of behavior
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Definition Of Some Terms cont
Ethnocentrism:Assumption that own beliefs are the best and aresuperior therefore it creates rigidity and lack oftrying other things
Cultural Imposition:
Ones values, beliefs and practices that havebeen, imposed on you/ client
Cultural Exclusion:
Conscious or unconscious omission of cultural
values and practices as they are viewed asinferior, incompetent, too difficult for an individual
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Significance
Cultural factors are one major force
that influence quality of care
Lack of inclusion of culture in care
creates a gap that reduce mothers
using health facilities
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CB&P _ RCN 2010 11
Culture Of PovertyDeveloped by Lewis in 1966
Provides with designs of living
A set of solution to problems, attitude values for individualsto adapt and survive within the culture
Victims of poverty suffer from personality handicaps thatmay lead to persistent to lack of change and can affectlifestyle
The belief system differ with that of care givers as they areviewed to be in middle class as the latter do react whengiving the services
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CharacteristicsFeelings:
Fatalism
Helplessness
Dependency
Inferiority
Inability:
Delay gratification
Plan for future
Belief systems differ with that of care givers
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Social cultural Factors
Traditional:
Dignity
Respect for elders
Religious:Ethnicity
Professional
Sensitive Care:
Respect for clients
Curiosity to learn other peoples culture
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Cultural Awareness
Education
Explore own background and how it
differs with professional and others
Learn about other cultures
Research:Conduct a small scale profile of thecommunity and attend an event
Study norms of people in nursingpractice
AssociationBe part of the community
Understand the community
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CB&P _ RCN 2010 15
Health Systems Types
a. Folk health system
b. Profession health system
c. The difference between the two
EFFECTS:
Promotes cultural accommodation
Provide culturally sensitive therapy care
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CB&P _ RCN 2010 16
Folk/Traditional Health System
Local indigenous/rural people
Local beliefs, practices and values
Reflect local cultural health beliefs
Assumed services roles to helppeople in their community
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Folk/Traditional Health System
Prepared through informal andexperimental methods
Practices developed through daily lifeexperiences and related to the groupssocial structure
Generally they are known andrecognised members of the community
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Profession Health System
Health care providers
Educated family
Different roles
Fail to recognise folk healthy system as itis regarded as non scientific, superstitious
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Effects Of Professional Health
Care system
professional providers
Stress resulting in
- malpractice
- ignoring instructions
Ignore clients
cultural beliefs andfolk health care
system
lack of
- flexibility- respect
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CB&P _ RCN 2010 20
Factors That Influence Culturally
Sensitive Care
Beliefs and practices related to child bearing
Relationship to health system
Variation of the role of midwives
Availability of rich heritage vs. technology,resources and education
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Factors That Influence Culturally
Sensitive Care cont.
1. Language
2. Use of interpreters
3. Voice tone
4. Teaching aids
5. Cadre of providers
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Assessment Of Cultural System
Griffith identified four different ways of
assessing cultural system as follows
1. Morals and value system based on
duty obligations
Desirability
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CB&P _ RCN 2010 23
Assessment Of Cultural System
Griffith identified four different ways of assessing
cultural system as follows
2. Kinship system:Rights of people are of paramount and should be
respected
like the morals assigning of duty is ofparamount
obligation is related to linkage to marriage
and family ancestry
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Assessment Of Cultural
System cont.
3. Knowledge and belief system definingof conception e.g. who should attend to issues
concerning labour and childbearing
4. Ceremonial and ritual system e.g.
proper defining of type and time of performing
and who should perform and attend
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Important Points To
RememberBe aware of the culture of the community youwork
Understanding other cultures is a vital componentof care giving
Diversity of cultures and mobilisation makes itdifficult for midwives to understand and beexperts
Realizing that midwifery is a culture
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Role Of A Midwife
Learn and understand the culture of thecommunity and of the clients
Avoid reflecting your culture in your care
Pick harmful and beneficial traditions
Find strategies to discourage harmful
practices in a positive way
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Role Of A Midwife cont.
Assess cultural and spiritual needs ofclient/family
Significance:- Preparation can be easy
- Conformity
- Use of services
- Trust- Support because you have cultural
history