Post on 02-Jan-2016
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4. Early Civilizations in Greece
GeographyMinoans
MycenaeansDark Ages
Impact of Geography• Relatively infertile
land – 80% mountainous
• Isolation = independence
• Extensive use of the seas (no part of Greece is more than 60 mi from sea)• Aegean• Mediterranean• Ionian
Minoans• Island of Crete• ~2700 - 1450 BCE• Knossos• Trade!!• Cultural diffusion• 1450 BCE – sudden
destruction• Tidal wave?• Invasion?
Minoans
Greek Mainland – Two Main Peninsulas
Mycenaeans• ~1600 - ~1100
BCE• Indo-Europeans• Hill forts• Monarchies• Main city=Mycenae• Independent states• Tholos tombs
• Burial for royalty
Mycenaeans• Warrior people• Heroic deeds impt• Commercial
network• Military
expansion ?• Homer
• Iliad• Odyssey
Mycenaeans• Earthquakes• Fighting each other• Invaders 1100 BCE
Dark Ages• Population declines• Food production
decreases• ~1150-~750BCE =
“Dark Age”• Ionian flight• Aeolians = north &
central• Dorians =
Peloponese• Iron age
Greek Alphabet• From Phoenicians• Version = 24
letters• Homer’s work
appears at end Dark Ages
Homer• Epic poem• Trojan war• Odyssey• Iliad• “hubris” • “arete”
• Heroic excellence won in brave struggle
• Preserve honor