Post on 26-Feb-2018
transcript
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Chapter 4
Identifying and Selecting Systems
Development Projects
2011 by Prentice Hall: J.A.Hoffer et.al., Modern Systems Analysis & Design, 6th Edition 2/42
Content
Describe theproject identification andselection
process
Describe corporate strategic planning and information
systems (IS) planning process & their relationships
Describe how IS planning can be used to assist in
identifying and selecting systems development
projects
Analyze IS planning matrices to forecast the impact of
IS projects on business objectives Describe the three classes of Internet e-Commerce
applications: Internet, intranet, and extranet
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1. Identifying and Selecting IS Dev. Projects
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1.1 Process of Identifying & Selecting
IS Development Projects
There are 3 primary activities:
a) Defining potential development projects
b) Classifying & raking ISD projects
c) Selecting ISD projects
Define
Classify &rank
Select
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a) Identifying IS Development Projects
Identification from a stakeholder group
Each stakeholder group brings their own
perspective and motivation to the IS decision
Top-down source are projects identified by top
management or steering committee
Bottom-up source are project initiatives stemming
from user department (managers & business units)
or the development group
Pros & cons of each source
Define
Classify &rank
Select
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Identifying IS Development Projects (Cont.)
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b) Classifying & Ranking IS Development Projects
Using value chain analysis
The process of analyzing an organizations activities
for making products and/or services to determine
where value is added and costs are incurred
Define
Classify &rank
Select
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Classifying & Ranking IS Development Projects (Cont.) *
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c) Selecting IS Development Projects
Based on various factors **
Consider both short- and long-term projects
Select those most likely to achieve business objectives Is a very important and ongoing activity
Define
Classify &rank
Select
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Selecting IS Development Projects (Cont.)
One method for deciding among different
projects or alternative designs is:For each requirement or constraint:
Score = weight * rating
Each alternative:
sum scores across requirements/constraints
Alternative with highest score wins
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Selecting IS Development Projects (Cont.)
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1.2 Deliverables and Outcomes
Primary deliverable from the first part of theplanning
phase is a schedule of specific IS development
projects *
Outcome of the next part of the planning phase
project initiation and planning is the assurance that
careful consideration was given to project selection
and each project can help the organization reach its
goals.
Incremental commitment
a strategy in SA&D in which the project is reviewed after
each phase and continuation of the project is re-justified
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IS Development Projects come from both top-
down and bottom-up initiatives
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2 Corporate and IS Planning
To benefit from a planning-based approach for
identifying and selecting projects
An organization must analyze its
information needs
Plan its projects carefully
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Factors for Improving IS *
IS Cost
Cross organizational boundaries application
Critical business problems
Data redundancy
System maintenance cost
Application backlogs to create individual
system
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2.1 Corporate Strategic Planning
Ongoing process that defines mission,
objectives, and strategies of an
organization
Corporate strategy involves:
Mission statement
Objective statements
Description of competitive strategy
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Mission Statement *
A statement that
makes it clear whatbusiness a company
is in
Support
organizational vision
(optimistic view ofthe future)
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Objective Statements
A series of
statements thatexpress an
organizations
qualitative and
quantitative goals for
reaching a desired
future position
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Competitive Strategy *
The methodby which an organization attempts
to achieve its mission and objectives
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: " "
1. (Self Sustainable)
2. 3.
4.
5.
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SIT: ""
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Corporate Strategic Planning (cont.)
Corporate strategic planning is a three-step
process.
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2.2 Information Systems Planning (ISP)
ISP: an orderly means of assessing the
information needs ofan organization and
defining systems, databases, and technologiesthat will best meet those needs *
ISP must be done in accordance with the
organization's mission, objectives, and
competitive strategy
ISP must be kept in line with corporatestrategic planning
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Information Systems Planning Process
a
b
c
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Information System Plan (ISP) Process
a) Describe the current situation
b) Describe the target situation, trends, andconstraints
c) Developing a transition strategy and plan
~Corporate
Strategic
Planning
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a) Describe the Current Organizational Situation
Top-down planning: attempts to gain a broad
understanding of IS needs of an organization & offers:
Broader perspective
Improved integration
Improved management support
Better understanding
Bottom-up planning: identifies ISD projects based on
solving business problems or taking opportunityadvantage
Can be faster and less costly
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Business Functions, Data Entities, and IS
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The Decomposition of PVFs Business Functions
Functional
Decomposition:
breaking high-levelabstract information
into smaller units for
more detailed
planning
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Example: Data Entity-to-Function Matrix
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Describe the Current Organizational Situation (cont.)
Briefly describe mission, objectives, and
strategy of the organization
Provide summary of current and future
processes, functions, data entities, and
information needs of the enterprise
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b) Describe the Target Situation, Trends &
Constraints
Describe primary role of IS will play in the
organization to transform enterprise from
current to future state
Describe limitations imposed by technology
and current levels of financial, technical, and
personnel resources
Summarize overall IS needs in the company
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c) Developing a Transition Strategy & Plans
Set long-term strategies for filling the needs
Show detailed inventory ofpresent projects
and systems & detailed plan for the currentyear
Describe unknown but likely events that can
affect the plan, presently known business
change elements, and description of their
impact on the plan
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Developing a Transition Strategy & Plans (cont.)
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Example: IS Plan
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3. e-Commerce Applications and Internet
Basics
E-Commerce: Internet-based communicationto support day-to-day business activities
Internet: a large worldwide network of networks
that use a common protocol to communicate with
each other
Intranet: Internet-based communication to support
business activities within a single organizationExtranet: Internet-based communication to
support business-to-business activities *36/42E.g. SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft
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Front-office information systems supportbusiness
functions that reach out to customers (or constituents).
Marketing
Sales
Customer management
Back-office information systems support internal
business operations and interact with suppliers (of
materials, equipment, supplies, and services).
Human resources (HR)
Financial management
Manufacturing
Inventory control
Office Automation : Combine Both 38/42
e-Commerce Applications and Internet
Basics (Cont.)
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Summary
Describe theproject identification and selection
process
Describe corporate strategic planning and IS planning
process & their relationships
Describe how IS planning can be used to assist in
identifying and selecting systems development
projects
Analyze IS planning matrices to forecast the impact
of IS projects on business objectives
Describe the three classes of Internet e-Commerce
applications: Internet, intranet, and extranet
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Questions & Answers
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Quiz
1 _________________ is a method by which an
organization attempts to achieve its mission and
objectives.
2 _______ is an Internet-based communication that
supports business-to-business activities.
3 __________ is orderly means of assessing the
information needs of an organization and defining
the system, databases and technologies that will
best satisfy those needs.
4 _______________ is a statement that makes it
clear what business a company is in.42/42
Exercise
Describe the project identification and
selection process
Describe several project evaluation criteria
Discuss the factors that give the evidence for
the need for improved IS planning today
Give generic competitive strategies
Self-Study: CRM system, pp. 125-129