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Empowering Stakeholderstowards Practical Water Ethics throughthe Heartware Approach

Prof. Datin Dr. Azizan BaharuddinChair, National Bioethics Council of Malaysia (NBC)Deputy Director-General, Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM)Professor, Department of Science & Technology Studies, Universiti Malaya (UM)

Introduction

• Significance of topic

• Environmental Ethics and Worldviews

• Water Ethics: Some Fundamental Principles

• Heartware: A Working Concept

• Values in Action

Values – The Forgotten Dimension

Source: Richard A. Slaughter (1996). Future Concepts and Powerful Ideas

(Link between the Physical (P) and Metaphysical (M)

• Cosmetics in the US US $ 7 billion

• Ice cream for Europe $ 11 billion

• Perfumes in US and Europe $ 12 billion

• Pet foods in US and Europe $ 17 billion• Cigarettes in Europe $ 50 billion• Alcoholic drinks in Europe $105 billion• Narcotic drugs in the world $400 billion• Military spending in the world $780 billion4

• Basic Education US $ 6 billion

• Water and Sanitation $ 9 billion

• Reproductive Health for All Women $ 12 billion

• Basic Health and Nutrition $ 13 billion

SHOULDN’T WE DO SOMETHING???

Environmental Ethics and Worldviews

• Conflicting views over how serious environmental problems are and what we do about them

• Conflicts arise out of differing worldviews• Worldview: how we think the world works what we think our

role should be, what we believe is right or wrong behaviors (ethics)

• Differing worldviews can take people with the same data to different conclusions because they begin with different assumptions

• Many flavors of worldviews, but 2 major types

Human-Centered Worldviews

• Prevail in most industrial societies today

• Planetary management worldview in the last 50 years

• Human-centered :man most dominant species, can and should manage planet for man’s benefit

• Other species have instrumental value only whether useful to us or not

(assumptions/ideology not supported by science/reality/facts)

6Azizan Baharuddin, (2013). Changing Our Worldview for a Sustainable Future and the Role of Dialogue. Journal of Oriental Studies. 23: 40-51

Basic Beliefs of Human-Centered Worldviews

• We are planet’s most important species, we live/exist/function apart from and we are, in charge of nature

• There is always more and it’s all for us

• All forms of economic growth is good

• A healthy environment depends on a healthy economy

• Our success depends on how well we can understand, control and manage the planet for our benefit

7Azizan Baharuddin (2013). Changing Our Worldview for a Sustainable Future and the Role of Dialogue. Journal of Oriental Studies. 23: 40-51

Life-Centered worldviews:Working with the Planet

• Man is a part of nature

• Nature exists for all earth’s species

• There’s not always more

• Some forms of economic growth are beneficial, some harmful

• A healthy economy depends on a healthy environment

• Our success depends on learning to cooperate with one another and with the rest of nature

• Cooperation, justice, care are scientific term/facts. They are manifested in behaviors, begin with intention and the goal is sustainability and wellbeing.

8Azizan Baharuddin (2013). Changing Our Worldview for a Sustainable Future and the Role of Dialogue. Journal of Oriental Studies. 23: 40-51

Miller’s Principles of Environmental Ethics

The Earth doesn’t belong to us; we belong to the earth

We should try to understand and work with the rest of nature rather than try to dominate and conquer it

An action is right when it tends to maintain the ecological integrity, sustainability, and diversity of Earth’s life support systems

It is wrong for humans to cause the premature extinction of any wild species and degradation of their habitats.

When we alter nature, we should aim to make such changes at nature’s rates and not disturbing natural processes.

In protecting and sustaining nature, go father than the law requires.

We should leave the earth as good as we found it, if not better9

21 Principles on Worldview and Ethics (some examples):

Miller, G. Taylor (1993). Environmental Science: Sustaining the Earth (4th ed). Wadsworth Publishing: California

Water Ethics: Some Fundamental Principles

WATER ETHICS

Solidarity

Participation

Human dignity

Inclusiveness and

Empowerment

Stewardship

Common Good

Human equality

Darryl R.J. Macer (ed) (2011). Water Ethics and Water Resource Management. UNESCO Bangkok

Lessons from Water Crystals of Emoto

Water and Prayer/ Religion

Before a (Buddhist) prayer was offered at Fujiwara dam

After a (Buddhist) prayer was offered at Fujiwara dam

Masaru Emoto Water Crystal | http://www.masaru-emoto.net/english/water-crystal.html

(Link between the Physical & the Metaphysical)

Water and Words

Evil Love and Gratitude Thank you You Disgust Me

• Clues from the *latest* brain science

Zam Zam Water, Saudi Arabia

* Confronting the problem of pluralism

Values of Water from Non-Religious Perspective

Water is Health

Water is Nature

Water isUrbanization

Water is Industry

Water is Energy

Water is Food

Water is Equality

UN World Water Day 2015 | http://www.unwater.org/worldwaterday/

SustainableDevelopment

WATER&

Values of Water from Religious Perspective

Paula J. Posas (2007). Roles of Religion and Ethics in Addressing Climate Change.. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics: 31-49

Ways Religion Support Ethical Actions

Paula J. Posas (2007). Roles of Religion and Ethics in Addressing Climate Change.. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics: 31-49

Water: The Essence of Life

…and We made from water every living thing. Then will they not believe?

Al-Anbiyaa (The Prophets), Chapter 21: Verse 30

Critical Importance of Water According to Islam

NO THE USE OF WATERCHAPTER &

VERSES

1As drinking water for humans, animals and growth of plants (source of life)

al-Nahl (16):10;al-Waqi’ah (56): 17-21

2Cleansing agent for the physical, spiritual and religious needs (self, clothes and home)

al-Muddathir (74):4; al-Anfal (9):11

3To nourish the Earth, for greening the landscape and to balance the ecosystem

Al-Nahl (16):65; al-Rum (30):24; al-Hajj (22):63

4Source of rizq (livelihood from God) through economic activities such as agriculture, husbandry and fishery

Al-Baqarah (2):22; al-Jathiyat (45):12;al-Maidah (5):96

5As a medium of communications/local and international travel

Luqman (31):31

6As a means and medium for the expansion of knowledge

al-Mulk (67):30

Mohd Noor Musa (2013). Integrated Watershed Management and Shared Values: Islamic Perspective – Case Study of Mukim Pasangan, Kuala Selangor

(Preservation of water is part of maqasid al-shariah)

“Heartware”: A Working Concept

• Deals with more subjective, human-centered dimension of IWM that taps into the collective willingness of different stakeholders to “cooperate” in solving complex problems related to IWM (Zeeda et al,

2014).

• Marked by humanistic values and devotion to human welfare (Zeeda et

al, 2014).

• Start from a simple feeling initiated by strong emotion or thoughts, and subsequently evolve into a motivation to start corrective actions to cure problem (Nakamura, 2013).

• Heartware (collective willingness to cooperate between stakeholder) -in addition to the ‘hardware’ (science and technology) and ‘software’ (institutions, policies, participation, information and financing) aspects of governance (Nakamura, 2013)

The Value Assessment Mechanism

• Ecosystem Services Shared Value Assessment (ESSVA).

• Designed to obtain judgements and perceptions of “on-the-ground” experiences and observations regarding transboundary and non-transboundary (lakes, rivers, groundwater, large marine ecosystem)

• A comprehensive assessment of ecosystem and ecosystem services using aDPSIR-framework

• Drivers - How much resource values do you get?

• Pressures/Stresses (State) – How much Pressure/Stress from Using Resource Uses?

• Impairment – How much Degradation in Ecosystem Services?

• Impact – How much Economic and Health Impacts?

• Restoration – Incremental, Collective and Long-term Approach.

M. Nakamura, RCSE Shiga University, Chairman ILEC Scientific Committee

• Recognition of the importance of all types of ecosystem services (ES) of humans. ES are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005)

• Recognition of the need for balanced relationships between different types of ES to create a sustainable future for human societies.

• Recognition of the linkages between ES and humanity, and between functions of ecosystem and human societies.

Fundamental Ideologies (Worldviews & Ethics) of ESSVA

Resource Provision Services (RPS)

Regulating Services (RS)

Cultural Services(CS)

Supporting Services (SS)

Ecosystem Services

We all need this value

We tend to

forget these values

Supporting Service (SS)

Regulating Service (RS)

Resource Provision

Service (RPS)

Balance between RPS & RS is a Key Factor for CS

Cultural Service (CS) 23

(Structure & Contents of DPSIR Questionnaire)

Ethics in Motion: Empowering Stakeholders

Instruction to Questionnaire Rating

Driver/ Pressure

QS-2 Please indicate the magnitude or Intensity of the “Resource Provisioning Services” (Benefits) Generated in the Upstream River Basin Draining into Your Lake

1-5 Interval Scale

Stress QS-3 Please indicate the magnitude or Intensity of the “Stress” Put on Your Lake by the Upstream or Downstream Activities Identified in QS-2.

Driver/ Pressure

Qs-4 Please identify the status of the “Resource Provisioning Services” (Benefits) Generated In and Around Your Lake

Stress QS-5 Please identify the degree or Intensity of the “Stress” Put on the Lake by the Activities In and Around Your Lake as Identified in QS-4.

ImpairmentQS-6 Please indicate the status of “Cultural Services” In and Around Your

QS-7 Please indicate the status and Trends of Impairment of “Regulating Services” (Ecosystem Functions) of Your Lake Over Past Decades.

Impacts QS-8 Please indicate the status and Trends of Impacts (Economic Damage, Public Health Hazard, Loss of Environmental Values/Benefits, etc.) of Your Lake Over Past Decades.

Restoration QS-9

Policies and Monitoring Activities Regarding Your Lake SpecificComments

Possible Improvements Regarding Your Lakes

Illustration of the ES-SVA Framework

Cultural Services (Q 6)

Resource Provision Services (Q 2) &

Stresses (Q3) from Downstream

Resource Provision Services (Q2) &

Stresses (Q3) from Upstream

Around the Lake Region

Downstream Region

Upstream Region

Resource Provision Services (Q4) & Stresses (Question 5) In

and Around the Lake

Impairments (Q7) & Impacts (Q8) to Lake Regulating Services

ILBM = Integrated Lake Basin Management

When ideologies

clash…

Existing Pillars?

Do What We Can!

(Ibadah, dharma,

charity, etc)

Hardware Software

Heartware

Religion/faith

(ethics) in

Motion

ILBM (of indigenous ethics)

help stakeholders live happily

and sustainably

Hardware Software

Heartware

33“FRIENDS OF ENVIRONMENT” WORKSHOP WITH MOSQUE COMMUNITY

HEARTWARE IN ACTION

YOUTH EMPOWERMENT THROUGH CITIZEN SCIENCE PROGRAMME

YOUTH ENVIRONMENT CLUB: KELAB ALAMI KAWA

36“WATER MONITORING” PRACTICAL WITH MOSQUE COMMUNITY

DISCUSSION & LECTURE WITH

MOSQUE COMMUNITY

(Left) Imam of Kampung Kuantan Mosque (30 Aug 2012)

Interview session with the Imam and the management of Kg Kuantan Mosque, Kuala Selangor (30 Aug 2012)

Researcher participated in giving lectures on the importance of water in

Islam (30 Aug 2012)

Summary

• We looked at what is environmental ethics and how it is linked to practical situations such as water ethic/ watershed management.

• Water ethics is connected to worldviews which are connected to beliefs and assumptions (culture and religious ethics/values)

• Empowerment of the stakeholders towards the water ethics, is the vital goal of environmental education vis-à-vis watershed governance and environmental justice.

• Need for discoursing science and religion when talking about environmental justice.

What is needed

• Exposing the stakeholders involved in Integrated Watershed Management (IWM) to environmental education, water ethics and justice – developing environmental/water literacy.

• Inserting examples into teaching and training materials at all levels

• “We can only be ethical and therefore just in relation to something we can see, feel, understand, love or have faith in. Experiencing the earth with our senses and heart” –HEARTWARE.

References

• Azizan Baharuddin (2013). Changing Our Worldview for a Sustainable Future and the Role of Dialogue. Journal of Oriental Studies. 23: 40-51.

• Darryl R.J. Macer (ed) (2011). Water Ethics and Water Resource Management. UNESCO Bangkok.

• Masahisa Nakamura (2014) Typological Assessment of Lake Basin Management through IL2BM. RCSE Shiga University, Chairman ILEC Scientific Committee.

• Masaru Emoto Water Crystal | http://www.masaru-emoto.net/english/water-crystal.html

• Miller, G. Taylor (1993). Environmental Science: Sustaining the Earth (4th ed). Wadsworth Publishing: Belmont.

• Mohd Noor Musa (2013). Integrated Watershed Management and Shared Values: Islamic Perspective – Case Study of Mukim Pasangan, Kuala Selangor .

• Paula J. Posas (2007). Roles of Religion and Ethics in Addressing Climate Change. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics: 31-49.

• Richard A. Slaughter (1996). Future Concepts and Powerful Ideas.

• UN World Water Day 2015 | http://www.unwater.org/worldwaterday/• Zeeda Fatimah Mohamad, Affan Nasaruddin, Mohd Noor Musa, Siti Norasiah Kadir and

Nobumitsu Sakai (2014). ‘Shared values’ in driving local community participation in Integrated Watershed Management: The Heartware Approach. 40

405 1200- 1220 Azizan Baharuddin(1200-1220) - … 1200- 1220 Azizan... · • Our success depends...

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