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42 199 183
J.45 44004 20016
19881
is lysis,
over 80 are
Key
in clandestine methamphetamine and amphetamine synthesis. to the published the thesis methamphetamine and amphetamine is a step at some point in the synthesis. 95 the synthesis these all but ten utilize a such
exists in these that a composite and discussion the involved help
ists investigating these clandestine that a composite list be assistance in
notes in clandestine sites to the open only open in this
have and both devoid extensive synthetic to methamphetamine and
amphetamine utilizing is outlined in 1 and 2. 1 is by the type catalytic species; i.e.
etc. 2 is by the synthetic diate; i.e. base, oxime, etc.
the chemical the chemical to amphetamine and methamphetamine. annotated the type
and utilized. citations
0 1989
184
1
J. alcohol
M.
0.
17 588
23 25
comm.a
communication, by attending clandestine sites. 450
94102.
are ease cross
as or
185
2
via
J. HeagyHalo
1
2 9 8
10 8
3 4 5 6
s 29,451 2 11
701 8 12
1.
catalytic and in synthesis is in the the mechanism the
catalysts has elusive due mainly to the studying such systems. in this has that a system and in the a catalyst yields has been as the catalysts and
the bond by et al. commun., 947201,
in the catalytic has been coated have that the the to the catalytic
is yielding W. an species the
gests that the moiety and the catalytic may not be an in some tic metal systems has been to be dependent upon the topology the catalytic in this be
2
m
{ comm. { 4. 5. {
{
. . . . z
+
{ { catalytic to methamphetamine in
clandestine is most achieved palladium the use platinum is second in
apply to the to amphetamine utilizing palladium, platinum and
m
I
O 23 6 m
I
Pt/Hz
45
or
X to
or esters
or
{
I
/
/
to
or order
to or
to
or
to
+
/
,
/
ketone has limited applicability, since the optimum the base is 6 and 7.
clandestine although less have open utilizing catalysis the synthesis
amphetamine oxime 31, tion 41, 51 and
61. to amphetamine and methamphetamine
have been synthesized the aid catalysis 51.
metal in aluminum, continue to be the most synthetic to methamphetamine and amphetamine in clandestine in the is duced as the metal dissolves, this is a to the
the species. actual mechanism does not involve but is, in a an cess. the metal to a in a
solution to complete metals oxidation states Mg, may as a combination
catalysis is one used to minimize dissolution the metal and to abate evolution made sodium
and have the diminishing the activity the metal thus dissolution the species. aluminum and has the added oxide on the aluminum in contact
to poison the metal the the metal and the inactive metal oxide.
the clandestine amphetamine and methamphetamine the most is via amalgam the
base adduct and the amine 21. despite
111 in 1980. status has in an in the clandestine synthetic
have in clandestine acetic acid 71. to the phenylacetic acid on a
schedule in some synthesis have to utilizes a dissolving metal
and acid 41. utilize dissolving metal
have been a base to methamphetamine 21 and to
amphetamine 91 using sodium in alcohol cited in the open an oxime 31,
amalgam a 41 a 51 to amphetamine and analogs to methamphetamine also cited in the
Metal have not the imagination clandestine chemists like the the community.
is the inability to utilize most to metal
Metal by a to the a double bond. is on the
via the solvent media in the case up in case
use metal agents in clandestine cannot be to the lack open in
these agents Methamphetamine has been in clandestine sites via the adduct and
methylamine a outlined by Weichet et al. the activity is to the ketone
and this is a competing is not the case the selective agent activity is dependent on the the media aluminum activity is and less selective than has been used to phetamine amphetamine the a
i.e. 81, 101, oxime 31, 41 and halogen analogs 111.
has also been used in a by acid to amphetamine a clandestine as outlined in
12
to methamphetamine and amphetamine have been might be as in clandestine synthesis
the the and mid the thesis, employs acid, the most clandestine to amphetamine and methamphetamine. this is still common in lost in the by the end the 1970s. the the acid
to methamphetamine began in in the and the
link the synthesis 81 to amphetamine and methamphetamine 661, no open links
192
acid a benzylic alcohol to the phetamine 11. benzylic alcohols have been to
aliphatic this application chemical syntheses a level chemical not common among clandestine chemists.
mechanism the has been studied and to be a initiated by acid.
the mechanism the acid has not been established. seems that the benzylic alcohol a substitution
iodine. the mechanism the tion is in i.e. via tionation iodine, elevated decomposition to and
the bond
this have to amphetamine and methamphetamine via catalysis, dissolving metals, metal
and these has been highlighted emphasis on the the
species. may be concluded that many options available to destine chemists in actutal the most in the the num the adduct and methylamine
the palladium catalyzed the analog to methamphetamine and the acid to methamphetamine
3 54. J. 9
1.
H. series. 968,545 Mar. 6,1958.
1.
Gero, I. J. Org. 16 1735. 6606g
1. or
H. I. Helv. 12
*J. Heagy, 450 94102,
193
10
12
13
14
15
16
18
and 1. to methamphetamine
W. and 509,661, 3, 1938. 34: 3761
1. phosphate to methamphetamine
and and phosphates. J. Med. 9 66: 28945y
1. acid to methamphetamine and the
lamines. 1859. 38: 1219 2.
base to methamphetamine 702,985, Jan. 27, 1954. 49:
5515g 2.
base + to methamphetamine M. illegal an compound.
6 47: 11661h
analog to amphetamine and Munch, and
activity J. 53 1879. 25: 3635
to phenethylamines and oximes. J.
23: 599 and a 4.
to amphetamine to
3.456,576. 71: 91049c 3.
to amphetamine and study mechanisms chemical
and by &&us 43: 1025h
1. to methamphetamine
844,227 July 20, 1939. 34: 5.
oxime to and catalysis. in
coal in J. 115g 119541.
1. to methamphetamine
and mechanisms chemical and amines by
43: 1025g 1.
to methamphetamine W. and 767,186, Jan. 31 49: 1598c
509,661, 3 34: 3761
194
19 1
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
to methamphetamine Japanese 2307 May 15
47: 543731 2
base + to amphetamine and Misegades, alkylation method the
ketones to amines. J. 70 42: 5411d
activated 2 base + to methamphetamine
alkylation amines. J. 65 41: 37991
2. base + to methamphetamine
W. and 844,227 34: 72975 767,263 47:
also and 6. to amphetamine
to 870,265 52: 16301d
5. oxime to Manske and Johnson, and
pounds. J. 51 23: 1404 2.
base + to methamphetamine the amines. 2,828,343,
25, 1958. 52: 2.
base + to amphetamine Mastigle, M. and the aminolysis some ketones and
hydes. 45: 8970h 2.
base + to amphetamine ketones. J. 70
43: 2.
base + to amphetamine
27 171. 34: 16278 2.
base + to amphetamine M. amination ketones. 3,187,047, June 1, 1965. 63:
3. to amphetamine
J.W. Wilson, labeled J. 39 687. 45: 1728d
3. to amphetamine
and compounds by nickel alloy and alkali solution. J. 74 49: 5342d
32 4. to amphetamine
2,636,901, 28, 1953. 48:
33 4. to amphetamine
and 0. amines. 848,197, 1, 1952. 47: 5438b
34 6. to amphetamine
and acids. 32 45: 4645a
35 3. to amphetamine
and J. 15 14. 44: 4412d
36 5. oxime to
aldehydes and ketones alloy in aqueous alkaline solution. J. Am. 27 3875. 58:
37 to methamphetamine
W. the bases. 65 26: 3495. 38 5.
oxime to alloy. to the synthesis
and active amines. 81 46: 7070d
39 1. to methamphetamine
metals and J. 16 1736. 46: 6606g
40 2. base + to methamphetamine
M2782, 5, 1964. 62: 5228b 41 2.
base + to methamphetamine and W. 871,155.
19.1953. 52: 20055e 508,756, 34: 7765
42 2. base + to methamphetamine
alkylation amines. J. 41:
43 2. base + to methamphetamine
844,288, July 20, 1939. 34: 75441 44 2.
base + to amphetamine Wassink, and Jansen, synthesis amphetamine. J.
51 citation. 45 6.
to amphetamine 870,265, 12, 1953. 52:
16301d
196
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
2. base + to methamphetamine
J. 764. 14: 745
9. Methyl ketone + = +
to methamphetamine and M. in a
tive cleavage
3. to amphetamine
and van 37: 6219
3. to amphetamine.
W. bases.
4. to amphetamine
1879,003, 1932. 27: 373
3. to amphetamine
and compounds. J. 24: 1851
4. to and J. 15 8
14. 44: 4412d 4.
by and to in ketones. 2,557,051 46: 531g
1.
to methamphetamine
metals and J. 1735. 46: 6606g
base + to J. Weichet, J. and amination by sodium 56:
12. by acid to amphetamine.
and in the the synthesis amines.
91 71: 101261g 2.
+ to amines. and
anion as a selective agent. J. 49525n
58 8. to methamphetamine
0. and 0. and 70: 37323d
59 10. to amphetamine
and W.J. and methamphetamine J. 1169.
89: 16316433 60 3.
to amphetamine and Miyazaki, by
oximes lithium aluminium on alkyl ketoximes and tosylates. 69: 6 7158a
61 4. to amphetamine
and addition lithium aluminum to J. 1837 1843. 48:
62 11. to amphetamine
+ + in = M and Japan
10,914 June 17,196l. 61: 11930cd 63 1.
a benzylic alcohol and Wong, 161 and
116 and McMillan, J. 21 et al., J. 2170. W. and
J. and 0 1941.
64 8. + = + to amine
4th ed. and 1987. pp.
8. mechanism study and synthesis amphetamine
and on the J. 9 529 536. 39: 11476
66 8. to by to methamphetamine
0. and 0. and
mu1z, 70: 37323d. 67 8.
to amphetamine Magidson and J.
11 35: 58696 68 8.
to amphetamine and method J.
14 36: 25319.
198
8.
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
to amphetamine and methamphetamine and and J.
13: 1709 8.
mechanism study
8. mechanism study
and Wildman, on the mechanism the J. 1189. 42: 7263e
8. mechanism study
mechanism the and the bases by acid. 60: via acid and Magidson and J.
11 35: 58685 via phenylacetic acid and lead acetate
M. illegal an compound. 6 47: 11661h
via phenylacetic acid and 1st and
1948, pp. and via phenylacetic acid and
and Manske, Methyl benzyl ketone 16 30: 3807 acid via benzylcyanide
1st and 1948, pp. 723 and 728.
Julian, J.J. and 18 and 36: 2531
and method J. 14 36: 2531
J.W. Wilson, labeled J. 39 687. 45: 1728d
and methyl ketones diethyl acylmalonates. J. 68 1388. 40: 5712
and benzyl ketones and hydantoin J.
and in synthesis. thallium simple synthesis aldehydes and ketones.
M. magnesium 10 2: 265
Mason and phenylacetone. J. 62 1622. 34: 6248*
and McMillian, acylation acids. J. 73 47: 535a and 1977.
and on platinum, a mechanistic study. J. 108 1606 1616.
and palladium and its tion to selectivity in the J. 108 2616.
90 second ed. 1972.
91 Mass in the sciences. 10 92 J. and the
composition methamphetamine and 53 1648.
93 and Methamphetamine and dines. J. 32 71953 962.