เทคนิคการเปรียบเทียบกฎหมาย

ชาคริต สิทธิเวช

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an introduction

ข้อควรพิจารณาในการเปรียบเทียบระบบศาล

ข้อควรพิจารณาเกี่ยวกับกฎหมายปกครอง

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an introduction

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Peter de Cruz, "Techniques of comparative law", in Comparative law in a changing world (London, 2007), pp. 219-249.

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•major pitfalls & perils

•quest for methodology

•methods

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• linguistic & terminological problems

• cultural differences

• objects of study

• comparability

• legal pattern

• bias

• exclusion & ignorance

major pitfalls & perils

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linguistic & terminological

problems

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cultural differences between legal systems

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arbitrary selection of objects of study

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comparability in comparison

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viability of theory of a common legal pattern

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imposition of one’s own legal conceptions

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the four ‘law jobs’

•social control

•conflict resolution

•adaptation & social change

•norm enforcement

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omission of extra-legal factors

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the quest for methodology

• general character of comparative law

• subject matter

• macro v micro

• suitability of topics

• comparative method requirements

• test of functionality

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clarifying the general character of

comparative law

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the subject matter of the comparison

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macro-comparison & micro-comparison

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comparative method: requirements

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the test of functionality

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comparative legal methods

•Kamba’s three-stage approach

•a blueprint

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Kamba’s three-stage-approach

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•the descriptive phase

•the identification phase

•the explanatory phase

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• norms

• concepts

• institutions

• socio-economic problems

• legal problems

• legal solutions

the descriptive phase

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the identification phase

•differences

• similarities

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the explanatory phase

• resemblances

•dissimilarities

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“no one single method applicable”

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a blueprint

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1. Identify the problem.

2. Identify the foreign jurisdiction & its parent legal family.

3. Decide the primary sources of law & materials.

4. Gather & assemble the material relevant to the jurisdiction being examined.

5. Organise the material.

6. Provisinally map out the possible answers to the problem.

7. Critically analyse the legal principles.

8. Set out conclusions within the comparative framework with caveats & with critical commentary.

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คําถาม?

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ข้อควรพิจารณาในการเปรียบเทียบระบบศาล

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• comparative law in courts

• comparative law & legislator

• comparativism & the verdict

• case law in non-common law jurisdictions

• styles of judicial decision

• overriding general principles

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comparative law in courts

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•a tool of interpretation

•a tool of law reform

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sovereigntyv

“uniformity of outcome”

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“comparison illuminate our understanding”

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“The discipline of comparative does not aim at a poll of solutions adopted in different countries. It has the different and inestimable value of sharpening our focus on the weight of competing consideration.”

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functional use of foreign law

• a tool of interpretation

• to look for solutions

• to promote a change

• to fill in a gap

• to discard an unsatisfactory solution

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the three phases

•discovering: what is found

•understanding: what is to be used

•applying: how far

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certain practical considerations

• language skills

• national insularity or pride: rule of proof; common law as a whole

• pressures: time & volume of work

• budget

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“[A]ll judges cannot be expected to be

comparatists, but it is their duty to consult those who are in a

position to supply the information needed ...”

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“[It] cannot be right to attempt to construe

‘acquiesced’ by reference only to its possible meaning at

common law or equity.”

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comparative law & legislator

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•a tool of interpretation

•a tool of law reform

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justification of comparativism &

the verdict

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the authority of case law in non-common law

jurisdictions

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interpreters v

law makers

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lower courtsv

superior courts

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styles of judicial decision

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•English

• French

•German

• Swedish

•American

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the relevance of overriding general

principles

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• aequitas

• bona fides/good faith

• good morals and public order

• custom

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คําถาม?

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ข้อควรพิจารณาเกี่ยวกับกฎหมายปกครอง

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Administrative law?

The subjects?

Power allocation?

The procedure?

The instutions?

The judicial control?

Liability?

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What is administrative law?

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What are the subjects of administrative law?

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the allocation of powers

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administrative procedure

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institutions providing legal redress

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the judicial control of power

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liability of the administration

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conclusion

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คําถาม?

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