Post on 02-Oct-2015
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Submitted by: Raheela Iftikhar2008ag2809Roll No 602
The Bengal tiger , or Royal Bengal tiger
(Panthera tigris tigris) is a tiger subspecies
native to India, Bangladesh, Nepal &
Bhutan, & has been classified as endangered.
Population in India 1706, 200 in Bangladesh ,155 in Nepal
& 67 81 in Bhutan
Bengal tiger is national animal of
Bangladesh & Panthera tigris is national
animal of India.
Bengal tigers belong to family Felidae.
The species name tigris is a GREEK word
arrow . It is thought name was derived
from a straight (as an arrow) & fast flowing Tigris
river that flowing between Kurdistan in east central
Turkey and the Persian Gulf. The genus
name Panthera because it is capable of
roaring along with the lion, the leopard &
the jaguar.
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Felidae Sub family Pantherinae Genus panthera Species P. tigris Sub species P .t. tigris
Panthera tigris tigris
Following are four types of Bengal tigers
Royal Standard Bengal (orange & black)
Royal white Bengal (white with black stripes)
Snow white Bengal (all white with ghost stripes)
Golden tabby Bengal (red to pale orange)
Coat is a yellow to light orange , & the
stripes range from dark brown to black , &
the belly is white , & the tail is white with
black rings.
Mutation of Bengal sub species:
WHITE TIGER
BLACK TIGER
WHITE tiger has dark brown or reddish brown
stripes on a white back ground & some are
entirely white. BLACK tigers have tawny,
yellow or white stripes on black back
ground color.
The total body length, including the tail, of
males is 270 to 310 cm (110-120 inch),
while females are 240 to 265 cm (94-104
inch). The tail measures 85 to 110 cm(33-43 inch).
Height at shoulder is 90 to 110 cm(35-43 inch).
Average wt. of male is 221.2 kg(488lb).
Average wt. of female is 139.7 kg(308lb).
Bengal tigers from northern India
subcontinent are as large as Siberian Tigers with
length of skull of 332 to 376 cm(13.1-14.8 inch)
In northern India & Nepal, males have
average wt. of 235 kg9520lb) & females
have wt. of 140 kg(310lb).
Bengal tigers roar can be heard up to 3 km
(1.9 mile) away.
The pattern of genetic variation in theBengal tigers corresponds that these arrived in India approximately 12,000 years ago. A recent study of two independent fossil finds from Sri Lanka , one dated approximately 16,500 years ago, tentatively classifies them as a tiger.
Males matures at age of 4 5 years.
Female matures at age of 3 4 years.
Mating can occur at any time but most
prevalent between November & April.
A tigress come into heat at intervals of
about 3 9 weeks , & is receptive for 3 6
days. Incubation period of 104 106 days.
1 4 cubs are born in a shelter situated in tall
grass. New born cubs weigh 780 1600 g(2lb0.
Eyes & ears are closed. Milk teeth start to
erupt at about 2 3 weeks after birth &
replaced by permanent t dentition from 8.5
9.5 weeks of age. They suckle for 3 6 months.
Eat small amount of solid food at age of 2 months.
Begin to take part in hunting at age of 5 6
month. At age of 2 3 years , they start to
separate from family group & become
transient looking for an area, where they can
establish their on territory.
Average temperature of Bengal tiger is 37.5
C or 99.5 F.
Pulse of Siberian tiger is 70 80 beats /min. or Ryal Bengal
tiger is 24 50 beats/min
Respiration rate of Royal Bengal tiger is 4 12
breath/ min
Tigers are obligate carnivores. They prefer
hunting large ungulates such as chital ,
sambar , gaur & to lesser extent water
buffalo , nilgai & takin. Among medium size prey
they frequently kill wild boar , hog deer etc.
Small prey species such as porcupines ,
hares & pea fowl form a small part in their
diet. They also take others predators
leopards , wolves , jackals , foxes & crocodiles etc.
The nature of tigers hunting method & prey
availability results in a feast or famine
feeding style. They often consume 18 40
kg 940-88 lb)
In 2010, the population of Bengal tigers in
Indian sub continent was fewer than
2500.Of these , 1165 1657 are found in
India , 200 419 in Bangladesh , 100 194 Nepal
& 67 81 in Bhutan.
The area occupied by tigers is less than
11,84,911 square km, a 41% decline
from the area estimated in mid 1990s.
The Bengal tiger has been a national symbol
of India. Indias tiger population decreased
from 3642 in 1990s to just over 1400 from
2002 2008.
In 2004, 200 tigers were estimated to live in
Bangladesh, most of them in was
SUNDARBANS & a few in the eastern hilly
part of the country.
The tiger population in Terai of Nepal is split into 4 isolated
& vulnerable sub populations:
Chitwan national park
Parsa wildlife Reserve
Bardia National park
Sukla phanta wildlife
Number of adult tigers has reached 155
after a serious decline.A survey conducted
from DEC 2009 to MAR 2010 indicates 125
adult tigers live in Chitwan National park & its
border area covering 1261 km square.
There were probably at least 100,000
Bengal tigers as recently as the late 19
century with a range that cover entire
Indian sub continent, & also in Nepal ,
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma & even eastern Pakistan.
In 20th century, population of Bengal tigers
decreased by more than 95% , dropping to
a low of perhaps 2000 in the 1970s.The
Bengal tiger is extinct in Pakistan.
Length Males 9 10 ft ,head to tip to tail.
Shoulder height 36 inch.
Weight male 400 575.
Sexual maturity 3 4 years
mating usually in spring.
Gestation period 95 112 days.
Litter size 2 4 cubs
Habit Solitary & nocturnal
diet Chital, wild boar, monkeys, gaur
& buffalo.
Call roar , growl or purr.
Life span 15 years under normal conditions.