6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 65 Topic: 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis...

transcript

6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 65

•Topic: 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis

•Essential Question:

1.Where are germ cells located in the human body?

2.Draw a double-bubble map comparing and contrasting autosomes and sex chromosomes

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

1. Where are germ cells located in the human body?

2. Draw a double-bubble map comparing and contrasting autosomes and sex chromosomes

6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis

Key Concept: Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have

KEY CONCEPT Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have.

• Human body cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes and 46 total

– Each pair of chromosomes is called Homologous pairs and have copies of the same genes

– In each pair, one chromosome comes from each parent.

*Homo= same

Mom Dad

• You have two types of specialized cells:

Somatic cells and Germ cells

Will become…

• Somatic cells- are body cells and make up most of your body tissues and organs.– Liver cells– Lung cells– Heart cells etc…

Red blood cells

skin cells bone cells intestinal cells

Somatic (body) cells are Diploid (2n) cells have two copies of every chromosome (23 from mom, 23 from dad) for a total of 46 chromosomes

*di= 2

Germ cells- are the cells in your reproductive organs

•located in the ovaries and testes•Develop into gametes

Gametes are sex cells: egg and sperm

•Both have DNA that can be passed to offspring.

• Gametes are Haploid (n) cells have one copy of every chromosome.

–Have 22 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome = 23 chromosomes each

6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis • You have two types of specialized cells:

Somatic cells Germ cells

• Undergo mitosis

• body cells

• Diploid

• 46 chromosomes

• Identical to parent cell

• Undergo meiosis

• Cells in reproductive organs (ovaries/testies)

• Become gametes (sperm/eggs)

• Haploid

• 23 chromosomes

• Each are Unique

• You have two types of chromosomes:

Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes

•Chromosome pairs 1-22 are called autosomes

•Contain genes not directly related to your gender

Pair #23=Sex chromosomes: X and Y•determine gender •Control the development of sexual characteristics

XX= female XY= male

Points to Ponder

1.Where are germ cells located in the human body (2 places)

2.Do you think that Y chromosomes contain genes that are critical for an organism’s survival? Explain.

Points to Ponder

1. Where are germ cells located in the human body (2 places)

• In the reproductive organs: The ovaries in women and the testes in men.

2. Do you think that Y chromosomes contain genes that are critical for an organism’s survival? Explain.

• No, a Y chromosome is not necessary for survival. Females do not have a Y chromosome, and they are able to survive.

6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 67•Topic: 6.1 Mitosis vs. Meiosis

•Essential Questions:

1.Does mitosis or meiosis occur more frequently in your body? Explain.

2.Draw a double-bubble map comparing and contrasting mitosis and meiosis (pg. 67)

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

1. Does mitosis or meiosis occur more frequently in your body? Explain.

2. Draw a double-bubble map comparing and contrasting mitosis and meiosis

6.1 Mitosis vs. Meiosis

• Mitosis= makes more diploid cells.• Produces genetically identical cells• Results in diploid cells (46 chromosomes each)• Takes place throughout an organism’s lifetime• Involved in asexual reproduction • Somatic (body) Cells

2 identical daughter cells

DNA replicates

*Draw on pg. 74

• Meiosis= makes haploid cells (23) from diploid germ cells (46).

– produces gametes (sperm/eggs)– Produces genetically unique cells– Takes place only at certain times in an organism’s

life cycle– Involved in sexual reproduction– Germ cells

*Draw on pg. 74

4 haploid (23) unique daughter

(diploid- 46)Germ cell

Make a double-bubble Map comparing and contrasting mitosis and meiosis on Pg. 67.

Please open your book to page 172

• Please read the Genetic Data information

• Interpret the second bar graph and answer the 3 questions on the bottom of pg. 74

• Title it “Genetic Data Chromosome Interpretation”

Y- axisDependent variable

X- axisIndependent variable

Diploid # of Chromosomes in Various Organisms

10 20 40 40 49 55 210

1. King crab; fruit fly2. No. A porpoise is much bigger than a king crab, and has far less

chromosomes. A potato is only 3 chromosomes off from human, and far smaller.

3. Yes. Chromosomes need to be able to fit in the nucleus.

Homework: Due by Friday11/08!!!! Work on vocab on pg. 68-69 of INBYou need each vocab word- as well as a mini pic and description

6.1•Sexual reproduction•Fertilization•Meiosis

6.4•Gene•Allele•Homozygous•Heterozygous•Genome•Genotype•Phenotype•Dominant•Recessive

6.2•Sperm•Egg

6.3•Traits•Genetics•Purebred

6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 65 Topic: 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis...

Documents