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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit1:SettingThingsinMotion
Pop-Out1:EngineeringforEquity
StudentVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2018 1
Pop-OutEssentialQuestion:Howcanweuseengineeringtoprovidemoreaccessforpeoplewithdisabilities?Theroleofanengineeristotacklesomeoftheworld’sbiggestproblems.Indoingso,theyhavecreatedtechnologiesthathavecompletelychangedtheworldwelivein.Someofthesetechnologiescanimprovethewayallofuslive.However,sometechnologiesspecificallytrytoimprovethelivesofthosewithdisabilitiessotheycandosomeofthesamethingsotherpeopledo.Inthisunit,youhavebeenthinkingaboutanactivitythatrequiresyourbodytomakeanobjectmove.Whataboutpeoplewhoaren’tabletodothisphysicalactivitybecauseofadisability?Howcanwemakethisactivityaccessibletoasmanypeopleaspossible?InthisPop-Out,youwillresearchdesignsthatengineershavecomeupwithtomakedifferentactivitiesaccessibletopeoplewithdisabilities.You’llusetheseasinspirationtobrainstormideasforyourownactivity.EngageWhenwethinkofengineers,weoftenthinkofadults.However,studentscanbeengineersaswell!
1. Asaclass,watchthefollowingvideoshowinghowagroupofstudentsengineeredasolutionforachildwithadisability:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwCL0BEUXjs.Thendiscusswithapartner:
a. WhatneeddidCillianhave?WhatproblemwerethestudentstryingtosolveforCillian?b. InwhatwaysdidthisdesignsolutionmaketheworldmoreaccessibleforCillian?Howmightit
benefitotherkidsandadults?c. Inwhatwaysdoyouthinkthestudentsbenefited,learned,orgrewfromthisengineering
experience?
2. Foryourculminatingproject,youpickedanactivitythatalsorequiresmovements.Withyourgroup,discuss:
a. Inwhatwaysmightyouractivitybedifficultorimpossibleforsomepeopletodo?
b. Brainstormsomeinitialideasofwhatyoucouldengineer(design)sothatmorepeoplecoulddothisactivity?
StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit1:SettingThingsinMotion
Pop-Out1:EngineeringforEquity
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ExploreEngineershavebeenworkingforyearstodesignsolutionsthatmakeiteasierforpeoplewithdisabilitiestodoeverydayactivities,includingthosethatinvolvemovingobjects.Asagroup,
1. Researchexamplesofsolutionsthatengineershavedesignedtoimprovethelivesofpeoplewithdisabilities.Asyouresearch,recordnotesinthetablebelow:
Solution Howdoesithelppeoplewithdisabilities? Wouldithelpapersonwithadisabilitydoyouractivity?Ifyes,how?
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Pop-Out1:EngineeringforEquity
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2. UseyourresearchasinspirationtobrainstormapotentialsolutiontomakeyourCulminatingProjectActivitymoreaccessibletosomeonewithadisability.Describeyoursolutionbelow:
Explain
1. Asagroup,preparea1-2minutepresentationtoshareyoursolutionwiththeclass.Inyourpresentation,include:
• Whatyouractivityis• Whatmightmakethisactivitydifficultforsomeonewithadisability• Whatyoursolutionisandhowithelpstosolveaproblem• Whatresearchinspiredyoursolution
2. Presenttotheclass,makingsureeveryoneinthegroupshares.
3. Asaclass,discusshowsomeofthesesolutionsmightbeusedformanydifferentactivities.
ElaborateManyofthesolutionsyouresearchedandpresentedwereengineeredtomakeanexistingactivitymoreaccessibletopeoplewithdisabilities.However,whatifweinsteaddecidedtoalwaystrytoengineerproductsandenvironmentstobeusablebyallpeoplefromtheverybeginning?
1. Asaclass,watchthefollowingvideoaboutanewapproachtoengineeringcalled“UniversalDesign”:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVdPNWMGyZY(5:05–10:10).
2. Withapartner,discuss:a. DescribetheexampleofUniversalDesignheusedinthevideo.
b. Canyouthinkofanotherexampleyouhaveseenintheworldthatnotonlyworksforpeoplewithdisabilities,butalsoforeveryone?
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c. WhydoyouthinkUniversalDesignmightbeagoodidea?EvaluateandReflectionIndividually,takeafewminutestothinkaboutwhatyoulearnedinthisPop-Out.Thenreflectonthequestionsbelow:
1. Lookatthepicturesandthecaptionsbelow.
http://agentsofgood.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Equality-vs-Equity-Illustration3.jpg
a. Howdoyouthinkthephotosshowthedifferencebetweenequality,equity,andjustice?
b. Lookatthepictureontheleft:whycanonlypracticingequaltreatmentsometimesbeaproblem?
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2. Whydoyouthinkitisimportantforustopracticeusingequityorjustice,insteadofjustequality?
3. Howcanengineeringbeusedtopromoteequityandjusticeforallhumanbeings?
StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit2:ExtremeLiving
Pop-Out2:EquityinSTEM
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Pop-OutEssentialQuestion:IstherediversityinSTEMandwhydoesitmatter?Inthisunit’sculminatingproject,yourjobistodesignaproductthatmakesitmorecomfortableforpeopletoliveinextremeclimates.Whatyouaredoingisengineering!EngineeringispartofalargercategoryyoumayhaveheardofbeforecalledSTEM–Science,Technology,Engineering,andMath.Inthelast30years,STEMjobshavegrown79%andtheyoftenpayamuchhighersalarythannon-STEMjobs(seegraphtoright).Withlotsofjobsavailableandhigherpay,youmightthinkallkindsofpeopledecidetoworkinSTEMprofessions!InthisPop-Out,youwillexplorewhoworksinSTEMfieldsandwhythismattersfortherestofsociety.EngageInnovationsfromSTEMfieldsareallaroundyou,affectingmostaspectsofyoureverydaylife!Howdidtheseinnovationscomeaboutandwhodidtheycomefrom?
1. Individually,thinkaboutwhenyou’veactedlikeanengineer,forexamplewhenyoudesignedasolutiontoaproblem:
a. Doyouthinkyou’dcomeupwithabettersolutiononyourown,orifyouhadachancetoshareideaswithothers?Why?
b. Let’ssayyoudecidetoworkwithateam.Doyouthinkyou’dcomeupwithabettersolutionifyourteamwasmadeupofpeoplewithidenticalbackgrounds,perspectives,andexperiences?Or,doyouthinkyoursolutioncouldbeimprovedbyworkingwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds,perspectives,andexperiences?Why?
2. Diversityreferstodifference.DoyouthinkdiversityisimportantinSTEMfields?Why?Shareyouropinion,firstwithapartnerandthenwiththeclass.
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ExploreYou’vediscussedwaysinwhichdiversityisgoodforSTEM.Let’sexplorehowdiverseSTEMfieldsactuallyare.YouwillbegivenfourResearchCards.EachcontainsadifferentgraphofdatathatshowsthegroupsofpeoplerepresentedinSTEM.Asagroup,revieweachResearchCardandusethegraphanalysisquestionstohelpyouunderstandeachsourceofdata.Fillinthegraphicorganizerwithyournotesbelow:ResearchCard#
Whatisthisgraphabout? DiscussionQuestions
1 Isthereahigherfemale-to-maleratioinnon-STEMorSTEMfields?AretheremorewomenormenmajoringinSTEMfields?
2 AretheremorefemalesormalesineachSTEMeducationlevel?AtwhatlevelofSTEMeducationistherethemostdifferencebetweenthepercentageoffemalesandmales?
3 WhichracialgroupholdsthelargestpercentageofSTEMjobsandwhichracialgroupholdsthelowestpercentage?WhichSTEMfieldhasthemostwhitepeople?WhichSTEMfieldhasthefewestunderrepresentedminorities(BlackandHispanicpeople)?
4 Whichracialgroupismostrepresented(largestbar)andwhichracialgroupisleastrepresented(smallestbar)ateachProfessorRankLevel?
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AtwhichProfessorRankistherethemostdifferencebetweenwhiterepresentationandrepresentationofotherraces?
ExplainNowthatyouhaveseenthedata,howwouldyouexplaintheamountofdiversityinSTEMtoanotherperson?Individually,filloutthegraphicorganizerbelowtohelpyoudescribediversityinSTEM,citingevidencefromthegraphs.
ClaimAboutDiversityin
STEM
Accordingtodata,wouldyousaythereisalackofdiversityinSTEM,lotsofdiversityinSTEM,orisittoodifficulttotell?
EvidenceofGenderDiversity
(Describewhatyousawin
Graphs1and2)
Evidenceof
RacialDiversity
(Describewhatyousawin
Graphs3and4)
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ElaborateToaddressthislackofgenderandracialdiversityinSTEM,weneedtobetterunderstandwhyitmightbehappening!
1. Individually,readandannotatethearticle,“WhyAreWeSeeingaLackofDiversityinSTEM?”
2. Withapartner,filloutthetablebelow:
a. FirstRow:DescribethreepossiblereasonsforthelackofgenderandracialdiversityinSTEM.b. SecondRow:Brainstormatleastonestrategytoaddresseachissuedescribedinthearticle.
ReasonsFortheLackof
GenderandRacialDiversityinSTEM
StrategiestoBringMoreWomenand
UnderrepresentedMinoritiesintotheSTEM
Field
3. Asaclass,shareideasoutandmakeaposterofpotentialstrategies.
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EvaluateandReflectIndividually,takeafewminutestothinkaboutwhatyoulearnedinthisPop-Out.Thenreflectonthequestionsbelow:
1. WhatdoyouthinkaresomebenefitstohavingamorediverseSTEMworkforce?
2. Whatdoyouthinkarethebestwaystoaddressthediversityissue?
3. DoyouwanttoworkinSTEMwhenyougetolder(asascientist,engineer,ormathematician)?
a. Whyorwhynot?
b. IfyouwereinterestedinSTEM,whatwouldhelpyoufeelmoresupportedinpursuingthistypeofcareer?
StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit3:NatureViaNurturePop-Out3:GeneticTesting–AccessDenied
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Pop-OutEssentialQuestion:Howisgenetictestingimportantforourhealthandwhohasaccesstoit?Youhaveexaminedalotofscientificevidencearoundthenaturevs.nurturedebateandfoundthatbothgeneticsandenvironmentaffectthetraitsoforganisms.Studyinganorganism’senvironmentisnotdifficult—wesimplyobserveanorganism’shabitat.However,tofigureouthowanorganism’sgeneticinformationaffectshowitlooksorbehaves,maynotbeassimple.InthisPop-Out,youwilllearnabouttheriseofgenetictesting,includingwhyitissoimportantinmodernmedicineandwhohasaccesstoit.EngagePerfectpitchisoneofthosetraitsthatweknowishereditary,ordeterminedbyagenevariationpassedonfromafamilymember.48%ofpeoplewithperfectpitchhaveacloserelativewithperfectpitch,comparedtoonly14%ofpeoplewithoutperfectpitch.Havingperfectpitchmeansyouareabletorecognize,ormakeatonewithoutanotherreference,likehearingthetoneornoteonapiano.Here’swhereitgetsinteresting!Evenifachildhasthegeneticvariation,theyneedearlymusicaltrainingbeforeagesixinordertoactuallydevelopperfectpitch.Thismeans,withoutknowingit,someofyoumayhavethegeneticvariationforperfectpitchandnotevenknowit!Withapartner,discuss:
1. Doesthissupporttheargumentfornature,nurture,ornaturevianurture?Why?
2. Whydoyouthinkthiswouldmakesomeonewanttoknowmoreabouttheirgeneticmakeup?
3. Genetictestingisnotasimplemedicaltest.Itusescomplexmachinesandhighlytrainedprofessionalstointerprettheresults.Thismeansgenetictestingisveryexpensive!
a. Whatdoyouthinkthismeansforwhogetstofindoutabouttheirgeneticmakeup?
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ExploreKnowingwhetheryouhavethegeneticvariationforperfectpitchmaynotseemlikethebiggestpriority.However,therearelotsofothergeneticvariationsthatcanhaveabigimpactonyourhealthandthehealthofyourchildren.Forexample,somegeneticvariationsaffectthewayyourcellsororgansfunction,orwhetheryoumaydevelopcertaindiseasesinyourlifetime.So,howcanwefindoutmoreaboutourgeneticmakeup?GenetictestingisamedicaltestthatlooksforanydifferencesinyourDNAcodethatcancauseyoutodevelopand/orpassoncertaindiseases.Rememberthatyouinheritpartofyourgenes,orDNAcode,fromyourmotherandsomefromyourfather.Asagroup,pickoneofthefollowingpatientsandwatchavideooftheirstorytolearnmoreaboutwhatgenetictestingcandoandwhyitisimportant:
• Paige’sStory:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UHg0oEqdAg• Nicole’sStory:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7u3A1WMT5s• Jessica’sStory:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFjv5vae1J8• Conner’sStory:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZOJ9LpNRg3Q• NicoleR.’sStory:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvUmsi5gZY0
Takenotesintheboxbelow.Youwillusethesenotestoprepareapresentationabouthowgenetictestinghelpedyourpatient.
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ExplainGenetictestingisimportantformanydifferentpurposes.Sinceothergroupsinyourclasschosedifferentpatientstories,youcanlearnaboutsomeofthesedifferentpurposesfromeachother.
1. Asagroup,createapresentationtoshareyourpatient’sstory.Inyourpresentation,makesuretoincludethefollowing:• Abackgroundofyourpatient• Adescriptionofwhatmedicalissuesorproblemsyourpatientwasfacing• Anexplanationofhowgenetictestinghelpedyourpatientand/oryourpatient’sfamilymembers
2. Afterhearingaboutallthepatients’stories,discussasagroup:
• Whatarethedifferentbenefitsofgenetictesting?• Whyisgenetictestingimportantforhealthoutcomes?Preparetoshareoutideasasaclass.
ElaborateYouhaveseenthatgenetictestingcanplayanimportantroleinmanypeople’shealth.Sinceitissoimportant,itseemslikegenetictestingshouldbeavailabletoeveryone.Butisit?
1. Individually,readandannotatethearticlebelow,“WhoHasAccesstoGeneticTesting?”
WhoHasAccesstoGeneticTesting?
Genetictestinghasbeenontherise,helpingdoctorstoprevent,diagnose,andtreatmorediseases.However,researchhasshownthatminorityandlow-incomegroupsaremuchlesslikelytoreceivegenetictesting.Researchshowsthatamajorreasonforthisiscost.Genetictestingisveryexpensive,andprivateinsurancecompanieswillonlypayforitifthepatientmeetsspecificconditions.Forexample,aninsurancecompanymayonlyallowsomeonetogettestingforaspecificdiseaseiftheyhaveotherfamilysufferingfromthesamedisease.Otherdataalsoshowsthatminorityandlow-incomegroupsarelesslikelytoevenhavethatprivatehealthinsurance.Thesearejustsomeofthereasonswhymanypeopleoftencannotaffordthisexpensivegenetictesting.Anotherchallengeminorityandlow-incomegroupsfaceisnotknowingthatgenetictestingisavailableornotgettingenoughunderstandableinformationfromtheir
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doctor.Iftheydon’tknowthatgenetictestingasanoption,theycan’taskforit.Forexample,researchshowsthatwhitewomenaremorelikelytorequestgeneticcounselingforbreastcancerthanwomeninminoritygroups.Lastly,studiesindicatethatthereisoftenlesstrustinthemedicalsystemamongminoritygroups.Manyindividualsreportconcernabouthowtheirgenetictestresultswillbeused.Forexample,researchhasshownthatAfricanAmericanwomenperceivethattherearemorerisksandlimitationstogenetictestingthanothergroups.Howwillthisaffectthehealthofpeopleinthesegroups?Isthisfair?
AdaptedFromTheFollowingSources:
• https://www.nature.com/articles/gim200997• https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/genetic-testing-threatens-to-widen-health-
disparities/424144/
2. Withapartner,discussthearticleandanswerthequestionsbelow.Bepreparedtoshareideaswiththe
class.a. Whichgroupsofpeopleusuallyhavelessaccesstogenetictesting?
i. Whatthreereasonsdoesthearticlegivetoexplaintheirlackofaccess?
b. Thinkaboutthestoriesyouheardandhowthepatientsbenefitedfromgenetictesting.Whymightitbeaproblemifcertaingroupsofpeopledonothaveaccesstogenetictesting?
c. Howcanyouseethisbeingaproblemforoursociety?
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EvaluateandReflectIndividually,takeafewminutestothinkaboutwhatyoulearnedinthisPop-Out.Thenreflectonthequestionsbelow:
1. Howcangenetictestingbeusedfor“good”?
2. Howmightaccesstogenetictestingincreasehealthdisparities,ormaketheworldlessfair?
3. Whatdoyouthinkcouldbedonetomakesuregenetictestingisusedinafairway?
StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Pop-Out4:ACallForEquityinClimateAction
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Pop-OutEssentialQuestion:WhydoesGretaThunbergcallforequityinclimateaction?
InyourCulminatingProject,youarefocusingonaplantoranimalaffectedbyclimatechange.However,manyof
youalreadyknowthathumansarealsosufferingtheimpactsofclimatechange,anditisonlygettingworse!
Inresponse,peopleallaroundtheworldaretalkingaboutclimateaction.Thesearetheeffortswecantaketo
reduceourcontributionstoclimatechangeandtoadapttothesituationwearein.InthisPop-Out,youwill
explorewhoshouldbethemajorplayersinclimateactionandwhy.
Engage
YoumayhaveheardthenameGretaThunberginthenewsorsocialmedia.SheisaSwedishenvironmental
activistthatisnotmucholderthanyouare!Inthelastfewyears,shehasmadecountlessspeechescalling
attentiontotheinternationalcrisisofclimatechange.
1. Asaclass,watchthefollowingvideoofoneofGretaThunberg’sspeeches:https://www.ted.com/talks/greta_thunberg_the_disarming_case_to_act_right_now_on_climate_change/up-next
2. Discussthefollowingquestionsfirstwithapartnerandthenasaclass:
a. HowdidlisteningtoGretamakeyoufeel?Whatwereyourfirstimpressions?
b. WhatdoesGretasayissoconfusingtoherabouttheclimatecrisis?
c. WhatdoesGretasayaboutequity,orclimatejustice?
d. Whatreasondoesshegiveforpeoplenotcaringenoughabouttheclimatecrisisrightnow?
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Explore
InGretaThunberg’sspeech,shetalkedaboutaneedforequityorclimatejusticeinorderforclimateactionto
workonaglobalscale.Manyclimateactivistssayequityisthekeytoclimateaction.Butwhy?
YouhavebeenintroducedtothisideaofequitythroughouttheotherPop-Outsthisyear.Withyourgroup,use
whatyou’velearnedfrompreviousPop-Outstofirstdiscusswhatyouthinkequitymeans.Recordyourideasin
theboxbelow:
Nowlet’sseewhyclimateactivists,likeGreta,areaskingforequityinclimateaction.Asagroup,usetheonline
interactiveCarbonMaptohelpyoudecideforyourselfwhatmightbefairinaclimateactionplan.
1. Typecarbonmap.orgintoyourwebbrowser.Presstheplaybuttontowatchandlistentothe
introductionthatdescribeshowthisinteractivemapworks.Writeafewsentencestodescribewhatthis
interactivemapwillshowyou:
2. Youhaveseenan“Area”Mapbefore.Let’sstarttoexplorethedifferentmapsbyfirstlookingatthe
“Population”Mapandthe“Wealth”Map(Note:makesurethe“ShadeBy”tabissetto“Continents”)a. Clickonthe“Population”Map.Howisitdifferentfromthe“Area”Map?Writedown1-2things
younotice.
StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
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b. Nextclickonthe“Wealth”Map.Howisitdifferentfromthe“Population”Map?Writedown1-2
thingsyounotice.
i. Comparedtotheirpopulationsize,whichcontinentshavemorewealththanyouwould
expect?Howcouldyouexplainthis?
3. TherestoftheMapswillhelpyoudeterminewhichcontinentsaremostresponsibleforclimatechange
andwhicharemostvulnerabletotheimpacts.Clickonthetabsatthetoptoexploretheothermapsand
fillinthetablebelowwithyouranalysis.Foreachmap,makesuretoclickbackonthe“Population”tab
tomakecomparisons.
o HelpfulTip:ontherightside,thereisaboxlabeled“ThisMap”thatwillgiveyoumorehelpful
informationaboutthatmap.
Responsibility
Map
Type
Whichcontinents
arelargerthantheir
“Population”map
size?
Whichcontinentsare
smallerthantheir
“Population”map
size?
QuestionstoConsider
Emissions
Comparedtotheirpopulationsize,which
continentscontributemoretocarbon
emissionsthanyouwouldexpect?
Consumption
Comparedtotheirpopulationsize,which
continentscontributemoretocarbon
emissionsfromconsumptionthanyouwould
expect?
Historical
Whichtwocontinentshavecontributedthe
mostcarbonemissionsinthepast?
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Vulnerability
PeopleAt
Risk
Whichcontinenthasthemostpeopleatriskof
feelingtheeffectsofclimatechangeinthe
future?
SeaLevel
Whichcontinentismostindangerofsealevel
rise(aresultofclimatechange)?
Poverty
Whichcontinentsaremostvulnerabletothe
impactsofclimatechangebecauseofpoverty?
Explain
Nowthatyouhaveseenthedataforyourself,takeastance:doyouthinkweneedequityinclimateaction?In
otherwords,shouldeveryonehaveequalresponsibilityindealingwithclimatechangeorshouldsomecountries
havemoreresponsibility?
Asagroup,prepareforaclassdiscussioninwhichyouwill:
ü Voteonwhetheryouthinkequityshouldbeconsideredinclimateaction
ü Usemapdatatojustifywhyyouthinkequityshouldorshouldn’tbeanessentialpieceofclimateaction
ü Explainwhatyouthinkitwouldmeantohaveequityinclimateaction
Elaborate
Ifsomecountriesaregoingtoberesponsibleformoreoftheclimatechangeburdenthanothers,thisisgoingto
requirealotofcooperationaroundtheglobe!ThiskindofcooperationwasattemptedbytheParisClimate
Agreement,whichwassignedby195countriesin2015(includingtheUnitedStates).Atthetime,itwasseenas
themostpromisingefforttotackleclimatechangethusfar.
1. Asaclass,watchthefollowingvideothatgivesyouanewsupdateonwheretheUnitedStatesstands
withtheParisClimateAgreement:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRCRiMNg_kM.Usethe
followingquestionstodiscussthevideo:
o WhatwasthegoaloftheParisClimateAgreement?
o WhatdidPresidentTrumpdecidetodoabouttheParisClimateAgreement?
§ Howcouldthisaffectglobalclimateaction?
o Doyouagreewiththisdecision?
§ Ifyoudon’tagree,whatwouldyoudodifferentlyandwhy?
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2. TheParisClimateAgreementcallsforequity,butdoesn’tlayoutaspecificsystemtoensureit.Asa
group,brainstorm:Whatwouldyouincludeinaclimateagreementlikethisonetomakesureitisfair
andequitable?
EvaluateandReflect
Individually,takeafewminutestothinkaboutwhatyoulearnedinthisPop-Out.Thenreflectonthequestions
below:
1. Whydoyouthinkthatthereshouldbeequityinclimateaction?
2. Whatdoyouthinkarethebestwaystoachieveequityinclimateaction?
3. ThinkbacktoGretaThunberg’sspeechinthefirstvideo.Whatdoyouthinkyoucoulddoasayoung
environmentalactivistlikeGreta?