Post on 04-Jan-2016
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7 Characteristics of Living Things
1 COMPOSED OF CELLS1 COMPOSED OF CELLS
All living things are made up of at least one cell
Cell – • Basic or smallest unit of life
Membrane bound structure in which all life processes are carried out
CELLS
All organisms are organized at the cellular level
This organization enables organisms to carry out important life processes.
2 - REACT AND RESPOND2 - REACT AND RESPONDTO STIMULITO STIMULI (the environment)
• Stimulus – is anything that may cause an organism to react - Loud noises, hunger
• Response - the reaction to something in the environment - Run/cover ears, Eat/hunt for food
Environment – All the surroundings of an organism
Homeostasis – maintaining a stable internal environment
Adaptation – Change in traits
over time that help an organism survive better in an environment; inheritable changes
3 Adapt to their 3 Adapt to their EnvironmentEnvironment
4 REPRODUCE4 REPRODUCE
Asexual – single parent produces offspring identical to parent
Sexual – 2 parents produce unique offspring having characteristics or traits of each parent
5 Contain DNA5 Contain DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Genetic material that contains the “blueprints” for each organism
Provides directions for the making of proteins
6 OBTAIN & USE ENERGY6 OBTAIN & USE ENERGYExchange materials with the Exchange materials with the
environmentenvironment Required to carry
out life processes- making and breaking down food, movement of materials and building of cells
Metabolism – the sum of all the chemical processes in an organism
METABOLISMMETABOLISMThe Sum of All Biochemical ProcessesThe Sum of All Biochemical Processes
1. Obtain Nutrition Sun is the source of
most energy
Producers - Make food
Consumers - Eat
Decomposers – Absorb
2. Digestion – Break down of large food particles into smaller pieces
3. Respiration – Mixing food with oxygen (O2) to release energy
Food + O2 H2O + Waste
Energy
4. Synthesis – Process of putting together or building up
Making more cells – Growth
Repair of Replace old cells
5. Excretion – removal of wastes
7 GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT7 GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
• GROWTH – the increase in size of an organism
• Surface to volume ratio limits how large a cell can grow
Growth in Single-Celled Growth in Single-Celled OrganismsOrganisms
In single-celled organisms growth occurs by an increase in cell size
Cell can either stay big or divide
Growth in Multi-celled Growth in Multi-celled OrganismsOrganisms
In multi-celled organisms growth occurs by production of new cells
Increases the total number of cells in the organism
Increases total surface to volume ratio
Surface to Volume
Volume
Surface area
Volume
H2O
O2 , Food
Wastes
DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTDevelopment –
All the changes an organism undergoes as it grows and matures
Newborn puppies can’t see at birth
Human babies develop the ability to speak and walk
Stages in Human Life CycleBirth Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood Advanced Adulthood Death
LIFE SPANLIFE SPANAll organisms, and individual cells,
have a specific life span
Includes: Birth Death
4 Basic Needs of All Living Things
Food Needed to provide
Energy to carry out life processes Ultimate source of energy
is the sun
Can get food as a producer, consumer or decomposer
Provides raw materials for growth and repair
WaterWater Cells contain ~70%
water Needed to release
energy in food and for other biochemical reactions
Required for transporting materials throughout organism
Helps with dissolving or diluting waste products
Air or GasesAir or Gases Carbon Dioxide (CO2) required for
photosynthesis - converting of energy from sun into food (glucose) organisms can use
Oxygen (O2) required for respiration- releasing of energy from food (glucose) into energy organism can use
Other gases are needed in smaller amounts for various life processes; not required by all organisms
EnvironmentEnvironment Abiotic-non-living
parts; physical features such as air, water, temperature (climate)
Must contain all the needs for that organism to survive
Biotic - living parts; other organisms that meet all 7 characteristicsLiving things may have to compete for their living space
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