January 8. 1939

The Truth About Nazi GermanylThe Story of the Price of

Dictatorship

damental rights of an individual.The individual is of secondaryimportance; 0 n 1y the peoplecount.

VII. In suits at common law,where the value in controversyshall BQ;ceedtwenty dollars, theright of trial by jury shall bepreserved, and no fact tried bya jury shall be otherwise reoexamined in any court Of theUnited States than according tothe rules of the common law.Persons may be tried several

times for the same crime or ac-cusation. This was done with••enemies of the Nazi state"years after they had been triedand finished their sentences.

VIII. Excessive bail shall notbe required, nor BQ;cessivefinesimposed, nor cruel and unusualpunishments inflicted.Ruthlessness is considered a

powerful weapon in the hands

" m i sin tel' pre ted as actionagainst the state" by the Ge-stapo.

II. A well regulated militiabeing necessary to the securityof a free state, the right of thepeople to keep and bear armsshall not be infringed.Military service is compulsory

in Germany. Every male citizenmust serve his country for sixmonths in the labor service andfor at least two years in theregular army. Furthermore, heis compelled to be ready to at-tend a military training coursewhenever the government callsupon him. He must serve in theantt-atr raid protection organiza-

(Continu.d from pag. on••)and responsibilities as we knowthem. The consequences of alost war, the infiation, and theworld depression hit Germanyat the time when democraticlaws prevailed and discreditedthem. Now vast circles acceptall government regimentationwithout a murmur so long as thegovernment is able to presentthem with dazzling successes.An undercurrent of grumbling

did exist, but it subsided afterHitler com p e 11e d England,France, and the whole ofEurope to bow to his wishes.When I asked literally scores

of Germans how they felt aboutthe question of individual libel"ties they admitted they foundthem desirable. Glowing Nazis,who pride themselves on being••superior to democratic rot,"tried to assert:••We don't feel our personal

freedom is restricted by theactivities of the G. S. P., becausewhatever restrictions exist havebeen imposed for the good ofthe nation."Quite a few Nazis did express

the wish that they need not al-ways feel that the G. s. P. mightbe listening to their telephoneand other conversations, ••be-cause we would never say or doanything dangerous to the stateanyhow."Germans with a liberal, Cath-

o Ii c, nationalistic, socialistic,monarch istic, or possibly evencommunistic past - and thereare m1llions-who are all liableto extra supervision, declaredtheir main anxiety was the ab-sence of a hard and fast rule towhich they can cling, becausethe average man may not al-ways know exactly what the G.S. P. w1ll consider an act "en·dangering the state,"Laws, decrees. and regulations

have been issued in vast num-bel'S. To start with, the averagecitizen does not know them all,and if he did that would not helphim much. The G. S. P. author-ities decide what is to be eonsld-ered dangerous to the stateaccording to their own interpre-tation.The G. S. P. can disregard the

decisions of regular courts, asit did in the case of Pastor Mar·tin Niemoeller, who was arrest-ed and thrown into a coneentra-tton camp 'by the Gestapo aftera regular court ordered his reolease. In most cases the rela-tives are afraid to speak of thearrests of those close to them,being warned that if they speakthey, too, w1ll be arrested.

Germcma in B.rlin lin. up to c:~t th.ir "ja" for Q Hitl.r plan. (Acme photo.>

supervise what happens in thehomes and lend their helpinghand to guide their countrymenon a truly Nazi course, whilethe Werkscharen attend to simt-lar duties in the factory.

to their homes three monthsafter their arrest, because someunidentified person in the villagehad reported their anti-Nazi ut-terances and they were brandedas dangerous to the state. Inmost cases the vote is secret andfree-but the presence of thefear that it might not be cannotbe denied.Four sets of laws, decrees, and

regulations enable the Nazi gov-ernment to control every actionof a German citizen. They arepolitical, racial, social, and eco-nomic.

tlon, that is not a simple matter.The subscriber is told his can-celation must be reported tohigher offices and they w1ll de-cide whether or not he can do so.To strengthen the position of

the police Goering on Feb. 19.1933, issued an order guarantee-ing his special protection to anypoliceman who ••makes ruthlessuse of revolvers," and threatenedpunishment for tho s e whoshowed II false restraint," Afew days later Goering empow-ered the Schutzstatrel and stormtroopers to act as auxiliary po-lice.On Feb. 28, 1933, a new decree

openly canceled all civilian Ilb-erties, abolishing postal. tele-phonic, and telegraphic secrecy.authorizing raids on homes andconfiscations of private proper-ty. It suspended paragraphs114. 115, 117, 118, 123, 124, and153 of the old Weimar constltu-tion. They guaranteed the In-violability of personal freedom,the inviolability of the home ofa German citizen, the secrecy ofmails. telegraph. and telephone,freedom of expression of opm-ion. freedom of assembly, theright to form clubs and religiousassoetatlons, ownership privi-leges. These liberties no longerexist in Germany.In recent months new decrees

further restricted a German'srights in his own home and pri-vate activities, providing thatsoldiers may be quartered in hishome and that his goods may

be selied for the needs of thearmy .All political parties have been

abolished in Germany for thesake of ••national unity," Thosewho for some reason or otherare opposed to National Soctal-ism must remain silent. Theydon't have the satisfaction 01joining the "other party." be·cause no other party is allowed.Only persons considered ••po-

litically reliable" may obtaindriving licenses.Students who have studied two

years at a university mustprove that they belong to a Naziorganization. otherwise the ycannot continue their studies.Thus the state makes sure thatonly its followers get the benefitof higher education. Germanuniversities used to enjoy a greatdeal of freedom for the sake .ofscience. Today the Nazi minis-ter of education pic k sandappoints the deans and theprofessors, naturally giving pref-erence to those imbued with Naziideology.Many means are at the dis-

posal of the government to makesure that its citizens ••are notlured into dangerous enterprisesby enemies of the Nazi state,"The secret police, the state po-lice, the criminal police, thesecurity service, the Schutzstaf-fel, and to a great extent thestorm troops see to it that every-body heeds Nazi orders.The cell wardens and the

block wardens of the labor front

• • •In recent weeks the block

wardens received new instruc-tions. They were ordered tobecome more active and to cross-examine those of their country-men who fa11 to give the Nazisalute or hoist the Nazi flag vol-untarily when a general orderto that effect is Issued, or whofa11 to donate adequately to thenumerous Nazi collections. win-tel' relief, Nazi Welfare assocla-tlon, roastless Sundays, pounddonations. In small shops, cus-tomers who complain that theyget only a scant six ounces ofbutter weekly. and that the qual-ity of the butter is bad, arewarned by their tradesmen to re-main silent, ••because those whocriticize the government andconditions are liable to arrest,"

• • •(Acme photo.)

A Jew who r.fua.d to aubmit to humiliating orden of Neai polic:. iahaul.d through a German town in a r.fua. c:art.

The political restrictions wereall issued within a few monthsafter Hitler assumed power.They had been worked out byhim and his men in 1932 whenthey organized the skeleton gov-ernment which was to take overthe supreme power in their coun-try at a moment's notice. Simi·lar skeleton governments wereorganlzed by the Nazis in Aus-tria and Sudetenland beforethose countries were taken overby Germany.In a decree issued on Feb. 6.

1933, entitled ••for the protec-tion of the German people," theHitler government restricted thefreedom of the press and ofassembly. The press gag lawprovided that no reasons needbe given for suppression of apaper or magazine. Its applica-tion has been so rigorous andetrective that the antl-Nazt pressdisappeared within less than ayear and the non-Nazi press isnonexistent today. A few news-papers are still labeled as non-Nazi. but only Nazis and theirfriends are allowed in the Ger-man newspaper guilds and busi·ness. Those who are not official·ly Nazi are even more carefulthan their Nazi colleagues intheir etrort not to displease theauthorities. It is interesting tonote that in February, 1933. theGerman supreme court ruledthat the suppression of newspa-pel'S was Illegal in a number ofcases. This supreme court de-cision failed to prevent the Nazl-ficatlon of the German press.TOday if an average German

feels that he would like to readsome non-Nazi publications, hecan't. None is printed in Ger-many. Foreign papers and pub-lications can enter the countryonly if approved by the govern-ment. Police officials make therounds of all news stands dally,armed with a long list of bannedpublications and seize those con-sidered detrimental to the Nazistate. .A number of cases whichcame up in court revealed thatthe reading of ••subversive Ilter-ature" can be dangerous for theGerman citizen or for the tor-eigner living in Germany. Thishas led to interesting results.Quite a number of people areactually scared of reading for-eign publications. A few weeksago, when motoring to a smalltown near Berlin, we took alonga few American and Englishmagazines which some of thepeople we planned to visit usedto enjoy. Though we pointedout they had come into Germanyquite openly and consequentlythey could not be contraband.the Germans were afraid thatone or the other number mighthave slipped by the postal een-SOl'and that they could get intotrouble for reading somethingthe authorities did not wantthem to read.If the average German who

subscribes to an official Nazipublication finds it uninterestingand, wants to cancel his subscrip-

of the government agencies andis approved by the Nazi state.

XV., Section 1. The right ofcitizens of the United States tovote shall not be denied orabridged by the United Statesor by any state on account ofrace, color, or previous conditionof servitude, Section S. The cos-gress shall have power to en·force this article by appropriatelegislation.Persons of Jewish blood and

those branded officially as dan-gerous to the state do not enjoythe same rights as ••Aryan Ger-mans."The privileges of what we con-

sider free citizens had to be reostricted, Nazis say. to make itpossible for them to establishtheir new ••philosophy" or welt·anschauung and to protect theirnew state from its enemies. Therights and privileges of the indi-vidual must be subordinate to

those of the cornmu-nity. Only the gov-ernment and the Nazileaders can see whatis good for the peopleas a whole, and there-.fore the people mustobey the i r instruc-tions and march aheadin the grooves indicat-ed to them by theirNazi leaders.By allowing the na-

tion to go to the pollsonce a year and to

cast a vote in a plebiscite thegovernment gives the people achance to express their opinions.and thus the Nazi form of gov-ernment is truly democratic.Nazis will tell you.The Nazi government so far

has only asked the German peo-ple questions to which they werebound to answer with ••yes,"Unanimity could also beachieved in America if similarquestions were asked. Take justone example: The averageAmerican would vote ••yes" ifhe were asked whether he ap-proved of the incorporation of- a state that he had consideredAmerican since his childhoodand that was bound to provideeconomic advantages - as wasthe case in the last Germanplebiscite of April 10, when theGermans were asked to approveof the incorporation of Austria.The vote in a plebiscite is

supposed to be free and secret.Foreigners who occasionallydoubted this have been properlylambasted. The Catholic bishopof Rottenburg in WUrttemberg,LudWig Sproll, was attackedbl?dily, his home ransacked byNazis, for his failure to vote forthe incorporation of Austria. Hewas officially expelled from hisdiocese by Nazi author1t1es. -Americans visiting in small

Bavarian villages were told eon-fidentially that citizens who re-fused to go to the polls werearrested. and had not returned

non, and he must be ready todo labor service wherever andwhenever called upon.

III. No soldier shall in timeof peace be quartered in anyhouse without the consent ofthe owner, nor in time of warbut in a manner to be prescribedby law.A special law rules that elvll-

ians must quarter soldiers intime of peace or war and turnover equipment and goods forthe army whenever authoritiesdeem this necessary.

IV. The right of the people tobe secure in their persons,houses, papers, and effectsagainst un1'easonable searchesand seizures shan not be violat·ed, and no warants shall issuebut upon probable cause, sup-ported by oath or affirmation,and particularly describing theplace to be searched and thepersons or things to be seized.The Gestapo needs

no warant to makearrests. raid homes, orseize property.

V. No person shallbe held to answer fora capital or otherwiseinfamous crime unle8son a presentment orindictment of a grandjury, BQ;ceptin casesarising in the land ornaval forces or in themilitia when in actualservice in time of waror public danger; nor shall anyperson be subject for the sameoffense to be twice put in jeop-ardy of life or limb, nor shallbe compelled in any criminalcase to be a witness against him·self, nor be deprived of 'life, lib·ertv, or property without dueprocess of law; nor shall privateproperty be taken for public usewithout just compensation.The Gestapo can hold prison-

ers without trial as long as itpleases. No trial by jury isguaranteed.

VI. In all criminal prosecutionsthe accusedshall enjoy the rightto a speedy and public trial byan impartial jury of the stateand district wherein the crimeshall have bee n committed,which district shall have beenpreviously ascertained by law,and to be informed of the natureand cause of the, accusation, tobe confronted with the witnessesagainst him, to have compulsoryprocess for obtaining witnessesin his favor, and to have theassistance of coun8el for his de'[enee.Many trials in Germany today

are held secretly. According tothe new Nazi ideology, not thetext of the law counts, but itsinterpretation. The judge mustnot consider the rights of thetndlvtdual, but of the people asa whole. Nazis hold" what isgood for the nation is right"-whether or not this eonfllctswith what we consider the tun-

• NEXT SUNDAY - Mr. Dic:bonwin diac:uaa furth.r the r.gim.nta.tion of the German peopl., taldDgup the diac:rimiDation againat theJ.wa, the Naai c:ampaigD for an in·c:reaa.d birth rate. labor c:onac:rip-tion, gov.rnm.ntal dolll.iDation ofbuaiD••• and induatry, c:ompulaorydonatlona for aoc:ial w.lfare, gOY..mm.nt·aupe"ia.d vac:ationa, andnum.roua oth.r abua.a und.r Hit·I.r-a rul••

HOW TEETH SPARKLEWHEN BRUSHED THISNEW LIQUID WAY'

• • •Let us compare the individual

liberties as laid down in theAmerican constitution with In-dividual rights as they are cur-tailed or nonexistent in Ger-many.

I. Congres8 shall make no lawrespecting an establishment ofreligion, or prohibiting the freeBQ;erciBethereof, or abt'idgingthe freedom of speech or of thepress; or the right of the peoplepeaceably to assemble and topetition the government for aredress of grievances.As regards the church. the

German government controls it.since it collects the church taxand pays priests and personsout of its proceeds. Priests andpastors who criticize the govern-ment or meet with the dtsap-proval of the Gestapo or otherNazi bodies may be arrested,tried, suspended, or deprived oftheir livelihood. The feud be-tween the Confessional church-a Protestant group which reojects state control of its rell-gious teachings-and the Nazigovernment continues unabat-ed, despite the detention of itsleaders in a concentration campand the official threats hangingover the heads of its sympa-thizers,The freedom of speech and of

the press and the right of assem-bly have been suspended official-ly in Germany. The right topetition the government has notbeen formally denounced, be-cause it was not listed separate-ly in Germany's old republicanconstitution. Nevertheless veryfew Germans dare sign petitions••for a redress of grievances."fearing such action might be

Th. Rev. MartinHi.mo.n.r

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