8b-98b-9THE INTERNET & THE THE INTERNET & THE NEW INFORMATION NEW INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE

IT Infrastructure Internet Technologies

Networking Models Internet Benefits ecommerce technologies Managing the new it Infrastructure

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES Broader perspective on infrastructure

development with company wide impact Kiosks, point-of-sales (POS) terminals,

information appliances, Internet LINKS(NODE): Workstations, network computers,

local area networks (LAN), server computers, printer, fax…

INFORMATION FLOWS FREELY THROUGHOUT ORGANIZATION

Selecting technologies, development, java, xml, servers, microsoft, unix mainframes, networks

ENTERPRISE NETWORKING: Hardware, software, networks, data resources. Creates company wide network to speed processes, lower costs

INTERNETWORKING: Linking of separate networks inside and outside of organization

THE NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) INFRASTRUCTURE

Net1 Net2

Net3

CONNECTIVITY

MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTION

OPEN SYSTEMS: Software able to function on different computer platforms. Nonproprietary operating systems, applications, protocols OSI (Open System Interconnection Model) A

model used to represent communications systems

DEVELOPED BY DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN 1972

Five layers or parts:1. APPLICATION: Provides screen presentations2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP):

Breaks data into datagrams3. INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP): Breaks, sends

datagrams as smaller IP packets; can repeat transmission to increase reliability

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TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)

4. NETWORK INTERFACE (DATA LINK): Handles addressing and interface between computer & network

5. PHYSICAL NET: Defines electrical transmission characteristics for sending signal along networks to destination

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TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)

Computer/Device A

OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT (OSI) can also model TCP/IP

Normally 7 layers (session and presentation are part of the application layer)

Application

Transport

Network

DatalinkPhysical

Net Computer/Device B

Application

Transport

Network

Datalink

TCP

IP

Ethernet

IE/HTTP

Frame

Datagram

Packet

Message

THE INTERNET

BEGAN AS GOVERNMENT CONNECTION OF UNIVERSITIES

INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP): Organization connected to Internet, leases temporary connections to subscribers

NO ONE OWNS IT (The whole thing at least), NO FORMAL ORGANIZATION

CLIENT/ SERVER ON THE INTERNET CLIENT: Runs Web browser, other

software, connects to server SERVER: Has Web server (HTTP),

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Domain Name Serving (DNS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Firewall (filters data to & from Internet), Network News

Transfer Protocol (NNTP)*

EXAMPLES OF INTERNET CLIENT PLATFORMS Devices

PC: General purpose, performs many tasks, may be unreliable, complex

NET PC: Minimal local storage & processing, uses software, services delivered by Internet

PAGER: Handheld, provides limited e-mail, browsing SMART PHONE: Handheld, has small screen, keyboard, e-

mail, browsing, voice GAME MACHINE: Modem, keyboard, Web access PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT (PDA): Handheld personal digital

assistant E-MAIL MACHINE: Tablet, keyboard, text e-mail, requires e-mail service SET TOP BOX: Provides Web surfing, e-mail, uses television set,

wireless keyboard

MAJOR INTERNET SERVICES Applications E -MAIL: Person -to-person messaging; document

sharing (SMTP, POP3) USERNET NEWSGROUPS: Electronic bulletin

boards for discussion groups (NNSP) LISTSERVs: e-mail list servers for discussion

groups (SMTP, POP3) CHATTING: Interactive conversations (IRC) Instant Messaging: Private chat channels (Varies) TELNET: Log on one computer, work on another FTP: Transfer files from computer to computer GOPHERS: Use menus to locate text material WORLD WIDE WEB: Text, audio, graphics, video Telephony: Voice over IP

VPN A virtual Private Network An encrypted message send over a

public network A low cost flexible Extranet

technology

DNS and Addresses

Computer/Device B

Application

Transport

Network

Datalink

164.121.3.4 (IP Address 4 billion)

www.yahoo.com (DNS Name)

FE:23:A4:45:B3:2C (Mac Address)

Web TERMS

HOME PAGE: WWW screen display welcomes user to organization’s page

WEBMASTER: Person in charge of Web site HYPERTEXT TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (http):

Communications standard used to transfer Web pages

HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML): Popular document language for creating Web sites

UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL): Address of specific Internet resource

URLs

http://www.prenhall.com/laudon/page1.htm

DOMAIN NAME

Protocol Host Directory and file

Registered Domain

Major Domain

SEARCHING THE WEB FOR INFORMATION

SEARCH ENGINE: Tool for locating specific sites or information on WWW

PORTAL: Point of entry to WWW “PUSH” TECHNOLOGY: Server

streams relevant content to browser MULTICASTING: Sending data to

select group*

NEXT GENERATION INTERNET BROADBAND: Fiber optics and related

technology will provide much higher delivery speed (target: 10 to 100 million bits per second to the desktop)

INTERNET2: New protocols, higher transmission speed, interconnected gigapops (regional high-speed points-of-presence), connected to high-performance Backbone Network infrastructure. Will differentiate priorities of messages, provide video portals for lifelike video

THE WIRELESS WEB

MOBILE COMMERCE (m-commerce)

ACCESS TO WEB ON THE GO: Anywhere, any time, many functions

INFORMATION-BASED SERVICES TRANSACTION-BASED SERVICES PERSONALIZED SERVICES

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INTRANET

INTERNAL NETWORK WWW TECHNOLOGY FIREWALL: Security System to Prevent

Invasion of Private Networks OVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM

DIFFERENCES OFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING

NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE*

EXTRANET

ALLOWS SELECT USERS OUTSIDE ORGANIZATION TO USE ITS INTRANET: CUSTOMERS BUSINESS PARTNERS VENDORS

EXTRANET

INTERNET

CUSTOMER

SUPPLIER FIREWALL

DATABASES

SERVER

CLIENTS

BUSINESSPARTNER

INTERNET BENEFITS

GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY REDUCED COMMUNICATIONS COST LOWER TRANSACTION COSTS REDUCED AGENCY COSTS INTERACTIVITY, FLEXIBILITY,

CUSTOMIZATION ACCELERATED KNOWLEDGE

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E-COMMERCE SERVER SOFTWARE

SET UP ELECTRONIC STOREFRONT DESIGN ELECTRONIC SHOPPING CART MAKE SHIPPING ARRANGEMENTS LINK TO ELECTRONIC PAYMENT DISPLAY PRODUCT AVAILABILITY &

TRACK SHIPMENTS CONNECT TO BACK-OFFICE SYSTEMS REPORT TRANSACTION

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CUSTOMER TRACKING TOOLS

COLLECT & STORE DATA ON BEHAVIOR ANALYZE DATA IDENTIFY TRENDS CLICKSTREAM TRACKING: Collects

detailed customer data, stores in log COLLABORATIVE FILTERING: Combines

data on similar customers, predicts future behavior

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ADDITIONALTOOLS

WEB CONTENT MANAGEMENT: Assists Webmaster oversee large sites

WEB SITE PERFORMANCE MONITORING: Detects, analyzes, helps correct problems

WEB HOSTING SERVICE: Maintains large Web server for subscribers

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POTENTIAL PROBLEMS WITH IT INFRASTRUCTURE

CONNECTIVITY & APPLICATION INTEGRATION

LOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE HIDDEN COSTS NETWORK RELIABILITY, SECURITY,

BANDWIDTH*

8b-98b-9THE INTERNET & THE THE INTERNET & THE NEW INFORMATION NEW INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE