Post on 05-Mar-2018
transcript
8th c. Mon inscribedterracotta stupas fromNakhorn Sawan
their Khmer affinities and further forays intomedieval dialectology
Christian BauerHumboldt -Universitat zu Berlin
SEALS 22Agay, France30 May - 2 June, 2012
I. Introduction 3
National MuseumBangkokroom 303
cupboards 19 and 27
h: 35 cmNakhorn Pathom
ca. 8th c. AD
[ photo 1983 I4
»ye dhamma« formula in Pali verse
ye dharnma hetuppabhava Of things that proceed from a cause
yesarn heturn tathagato aha their cause the Tathagatha has told
yesarnca yo nirodho and also their cessation
evarp vadTmaha samalJo Thus teaches the great ascetic
5 Bangkok Museum stupas
• known from excavations
• 23.1.1923 and 24.10.1961 (museum inventory)
• provenance:
• Nakhorn Pathom and Nakhorn Sawan
• first transcriptions of Pali inscribed stupas:
• Halliday, undated letter to Blagden (1920s [?))
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RobertHalliday• 1912-1922 inNakhorn Pathom
• note to Blagden
..... )
• I ~.. ,. _,. ~ l •.. ,....-i. •• ...(:
stupaPali@ catalogue Guimet2009
National Museum,Nakhorn Pathom
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•••.11 ""- "/1«":'1'.(1 M.'J.l.t'ff~Cut. N.:1."CIl .ahu
'01 P,;(f,;tTl (~t<l ct' N~~hon F'ol ~,om 8
Lopburi Museum
• 2x inscribed terracotta stupas
• Thap Chumphol, Nakhorn Sawan
• excavated March 1981
terracotta stupas, types
• plain (no writing)
• Pali only (ye dhamma)
• Mon and Pali (ye dhamma)
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11
11
other collections
• Nakhorn Pathom, Museum
• Wat Nong Kradon, A. Muang, Nakhorn Sawan
sub-types
• lid
• with, without
• -+ Nitaya Kanokmongkol, Silpakorn Univ., MA, 2004(art history)
• -+ Adrian Snodgrass, 1985
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12
10
12
usage
• symbolic
• reliquary
terracotta stupas
• of local manufacture
• tradition unknown elsewhere in Thailand
• exc. Yarang (Pattani), different styles, earlier (7)
• from different sites in Nakhorn Sawan province
• writing in different hands
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15
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15
inscribed terracotta stupas
• Nakhorn Pathom (2x Pali only)
• Lopburi/Singhburi (2x Pali only)
• Pattani (1x Pali only, miniature stupa)
• Nakhorn Sawan (7x Pali-Mon)
• --+ unknown elsewhere
• --+ date: 8th - 9th c.
• --+ recovered 1923, 1961, 1981-1 990s
stupa traditions, distribution
• northeastern Thailand, Laos
• »spine« on Sima stones
• southern Thailand
• on votive tablets, miniature stupas in fragments
• central Thailand
• terracotta stu pas
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text:
• line 1: ye dhamma formula
• line 2: donor note:
• ne' kyak pun tarla' x x x x x
Man text
• ne' kyak pun trala' jrap wihar
• variants
• tarala'
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II. Man inscribed stupas
text
• ne' kyak pun trala' jrap wihar
• wo' kyak pun trala' jrap wihar
-stupa
-elsewhere
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20
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20
questions
• ne' - etymology
• Khmer?
• OKhm. neb - nebh, MKhm. neh - naeh
• nai
• AA?
• OM - how many dialects?
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parallels
• votive tablets
• Mg.2, Mg.3
• nai' wo' kyak pun
• stu pas
• NW.7, etc.
• ne' kyak pun tarla' x x x x x
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• Sakal Nakhorn, Sima stone
parallels (2)
• tarala' - tarla', trala'
• garalir'l - garlir'l, garlur'l
'lord, master'
'number, numerous'
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E:::l
'"VI:::l::Ec:'"nl::.:c:0.r:::.:
0c{LL.
0(5.r:a.
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Mg.2 24
nai' WO' pUl)ya
kamrateli pQay ka
rom 'or skurh da
s jati smar
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Mg.3 25 a Khmer calque? 26
D~o'0.r:a.
nai' wo'
pUl)ya kamr
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nai' wo' pun Mahasarakham Mg.2, Mg.3
neh gi pun OKhm.
ne' kyakpun Nakhorn Sawan stupas
wo' kyakpin Kalasin moulds KS.1, KS.2
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Ila. Samples 27
27
NakhornSawan2001,Wat Nang Kradan
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29
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277/04 - Nang KrotBangkok National Museum
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rubbing : FAD
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--
NW.71983,Lopburi Museum
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278/04 - Nong KrotBangkok National Museum(lower part, fragment) rubbing : FAD
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286/04 rubbing: FAD
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35 36
286/04, detail
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[... ]/04, illegible rubbing : FAD
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Khmer-Mon axis (isogloss ?)across Si Thep ?
• Khmer influence in NE limited across axis to NW ?
• Mon inscriptions of Laos - all wo'-type
• Crodes 1958, JA, hypothesis(K 966, Nakhorn Sawan, Banpot Pisai,AD 1167, Pali-Khmer inscription)
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Language shift scenarioin Nakhorn Sawan
• Mon> Khmer
• Khmer> Thai (earliestThai inscription #11 / Nw.1 (AD 14th c.)
• implication: Khmer influence
• in NW/NC-Thai through Mon speakers
• in C-Thai direct
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Ban Thalat
discovered late 1960sphoto: 2011
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AA cognates? - Shorto 2009 49 AA cognates ? - Shorto 2009 50
L
'191 'nl?; 'nih lhi.•.a: (Katuic, Bahnaric, Khmuic, Khasi, Viel-Muong, Nicobaric) Kuy nl:, Sliengne:l, nl: Ihis.he", Sre ne Ihere, Bahnar ?n£y, ?nl: Ihal, Kammu-Yuan nl?Ihis near al hand, Khasi [!! &c. J~, Muong nl lhis (Barker 1966 21), CenlralNicobarese ane Ihal (pronoun) .
b: (Khmer, Palaungic) Old Khmer neh, Middle Khmer neh nEh, nih neh, Riang-Lang _nl Ihis.
Bahnar ?n-in deictic also in following, which compare.; as 1475'naay, 1435a '?[ay]? &c. Jakun & Sakai (Lanoh) forms at Skeat & Blagden1906 T 89 are _ Malay.
Sora -ne- in e.g. ten-ne- here, Kurku Inl Ihis, &c. (Pinnow 1959 337).proto-Austronesian 'In,1 Ihis: Malay 1nl, &c. (Oempwolff 1936 69; Oyen 1953 S133; Dahl 1973 S 15.2). See Benedict 1975 408. (pou & Jenner 1975 no.44. )
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• images @ Christian Bauer, unless stated otherwise
• christian.bauer@staff,hu-beriin,de
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5'
1475 'n,aay deictic.a: (Khmer, Khmuic, Viet-Mliong) Khmer ni:ay onthejarside.overthere,Kammu-Yuan na:y that, Vietnamese Dill' (beside llilY) this.
Cf. 91 'nl? &c. this; original compound, as perhaps 1466't,aay that... of 65 't,l? &C.? But conceivably - Tai, cf.Benedict 1975 406.
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