CH. 5 Sec. 1 Infectious Diseases

PG. 140 DISCOVER ACTIVITY-HOW DOES A DISEASE SPREAD?

Round Names of people whose hand you shook

1

2

3

infectious disease

•disease that can pass from one organism to another

•organism that can cause disease

pathogen

scientists & their ideas• showed microorganisms

cause disease

• microorganisms caused

diseases• killing microorganisms

could prevent spread of

diseases• performed surgery under

more sterile conditions

• infectious disease caused

by specific pathogen

Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur

Joseph ListerJoseph Lister

Robert KochRobert Koch

Joseph Lister using a carbolic steam sprayer to spread a mist of carbolic acid.

• In the 1800’s, surgery was performed under conditions that were very different from those used today.

• Surgery today is performed in operating rooms that have been cleaned thoroughly to eliminate disease-causing organisms.

THENNOW

4 major groups

of human pathogens

1.bacteria

2.viruses

3.fungi

4.protists

–http://http://medmyst.rice.edu/index.html

1. bacteria 1 celled microorganisms produce toxins (poisons) diseases caused by bacteria:

strep throat- streptococcus bacteria

tetanustetanus

Pictures Of Strep Throat Here are three pictures of strep throat. Notice the red flecks indicating a bacterial infection.

Infectious Diseases Caused by Bacteria [03:07]

2. viruses• smaller than bacteria

• cannot reproduce unless inside living cells

2. viruses

chicken poxchicken pox

• diseases caused by viruses:

– cold

– influenza (flu)

– chicken pox

The Littlest Assassins: What Are Viruses? [03:35]

3. fungi• molds, yeasts

• athlete’s foot

4. protists•malaria

The Anopheles mosquito carries the protist that causes malaria.

sources of pathogens

1.person

person

2.contaminated

object

3.animal bite

4.environment

1. person to person transfer

• thru direct physical contact–kissing, shaking hands

• thru indirect contact–sneezing

2. contaminated objects2. contaminated objects

towels

water

food

silverware

3. animal 3. animal bitesbites

rabiesrabies

The Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, normally lives in mice, squirrels and other small animals.

It is transmitted among these animals – and to humans -- through the bites of certain species of ticks.

engorged deer tickengorged deer tick

4. environment

soil waterwater

PROJECTPROJECT

Choose 1 famous person from the following list:

• Joseph Lister• Louis Pasteur• Robert Koch• Marie CurieMarie Curie• Pierre Curie• Alexander Fleming• Robert Hooke• Edward Jenner• Anton van Leeuwenhoek• Jonas Salk• Florence Nightingale

For example: For example: Marie CurieMarie Curie

1. Construct a biography of your scientist• Type a 2 page comprehensive paper and then summarize the biography

on 1 index card, which will be attached to the top of the diorama Requirements for the scientist’s biography:• Vital statistics (date of birth & death, marriage, etc.)• Educational history• Major discovery• Accomplishments, publications, or recognition• Reception of discovery at time period• 3 adjectives that would sum up this scientist (Place on back of shoebox).• Include bibliography, listing at least 2 sources. (Place on back of

shoebox).

2. Create a likeness of your scientist using an empty eggshell

3. Place the egghead in a shoebox diorama • Illustrate the significant discovery made by the scientist, detailed with

background, props and extra pictures on the back of the shoebox• Include name of scientist and actual picture of scientist on top of shoebox• Place your name on the back of the shoebox.

EVERYTHING MUST BE TYPED!

Due: Wed. April 9

Making an egghead

Materials• Raw egg• Straight pin• Cardboard or cardstock, about 8 cm wide and 13 cm long• Decorating items (colored pencils, bits of yarn, wire, cloth, felt, thread, cotton, modeling clay, tissue paper, construction paper, string, etc.)• Shoebox

Procedure1. Wash the raw egg with soap and water and bring the egg to room temperature for

easier extraction of contents. Shake the egg.2. Using a straight pin, make a hole in one end of the egg, pushing the pin far enough into

the egg to break the yolk. Enlarge the hole by rotating the pin.3. Make another hole in the opposite end of the egg. This hole can be smaller.4. Use a small straw to blow gently into the small hole in the egg with the larger hole of the

egg facing down into a clean bowl. Safety Note: Be sure to avoid getting the raw egg in your mouth!

5. Once the contents are out of the egg, clean the inside by putting a bit of liquid soap into the large hole and holding the shell under running water with the large-hole side up. Turn the egg over and let water drain from the large hole. Repeat. Set empty eggshell with large hole down and let dry overnight.

6. Make a small cylinder out of cardboard to serve as an egg collar by stapling two sides together. Use a thin bead of glue to secure eggshell into collar. This serves to steady the egg while you work. (Hint: If the collar is too large, the scientist loses his or her neckline.)

7. Create a likeness of your scientist. After penciling in the main features of the face, tissue paper or modeling clay can be used to create noses, ears, and facial texture. Yarn, raffia, fiber, cotton, or thread can be used for hair, and twist ties for glasses. (Hint: Digital likenesses of scientists can also be contoured using photo software and then glued to the egghead for more accurate depictions.)

Rubric Novice egghead

Informedegghead

Accomplished egghead

Master egghead

Construction of egghead

40 pts.

Work on adding features to eggshell that would make it more closely resemble scientist

If viewed from certain angle, egghead resembles the chosen scientist.

Egghead gives an impression of the scientist. Added features help with scientist’s recognition.

Egghead is well constructed and actually looks like the scientist.

Biography

40 pts.

Spelling & grammatical errors

Not typed

Missing more than half of the requirements

Some spelling & grammatical errors

Typed

Missing 3-4 requirements

Few spelling & grammatical errors

Typed

Missing 1-2 requirements

Well written

2 pages

Includes all requirements

Construction of diorama

15 pts.

Diorama is poorly constructed

Does not illustrate the significant discovery

Does not include props or background

Missing picture & scientist’s name

Diorama is satisfactory

Missing 2 requirements

Diorama is good quality

Missing 1 requirement

Diorama is well constructed and illustrates the significant discovery

Includes props

Name of scientist & actual picture included

Reference sources

5 pts.

Did not list sources 1 source of information listed

2 sources of information listed

3 sources of information listed