Chapter 9 - Section 1Chapter 9 - Section 1

1. Who was the first “President of the United

States”?

George WashingtonGeorge Washington

1789 - 1797 Served 2 terms as President

Chose not to run for a 3rd term

1789 - 1797 Served 2 terms as President

Chose not to run for a 3rd term

2. What departments made

up the first “Executive Branch”?

Department of StateDepartment of State

Responsible for foreign affairs.

First “secretary” was Thomas Jefferson

Responsible for foreign affairs.

First “secretary” was Thomas Jefferson

Department of the Treasury

Department of the Treasury

Responsible for the nation’s treasury and economics.

First “secretary” was Alexander Hamilton

Responsible for the nation’s treasury and economics.

First “secretary” was Alexander Hamilton

Washington’s First “Cabinet”

Washington’s First “Cabinet”

3. How did the Judiciary Act of 1789 set up the nation’s first

“Judicial Branch”?

Judiciary Act of 1789Judiciary Act of 1789

The Supreme Court would consist of one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices

Set up a system of lower courts

Lower court decisions could be appealed to the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court would consist of one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices

Set up a system of lower courts

Lower court decisions could be appealed to the Supreme Court

4. How did Alexander Hamilton propose reducing

the nation’s debt?

National DebtNational Debt

$4,269,000 - Amount of money needed to run the government from 1789-1791.

$77,228,000 - Amount of money the U.S. owed for war debts from the Revolutionary War.

Total Debt = $81,497,000 $4,419,000 - Income of the government from 1789-1791.

$4,269,000 - Amount of money needed to run the government from 1789-1791.

$77,228,000 - Amount of money the U.S. owed for war debts from the Revolutionary War.

Total Debt = $81,497,000 $4,419,000 - Income of the government from 1789-1791.

Hamilton’s PlanHamilton’s Plan

U.S. would pay off all state and federal debts by buying back all bonds.

U.S. would issue new bonds.

Bankers and investors liked this plan :)

U.S. would pay off all state and federal debts by buying back all bonds.

U.S. would issue new bonds.

Bankers and investors liked this plan :)

5. Why did many people not like Hamilton’s plan?

The plan would reward “speculators”.

Many had sold these bonds to others for 10-15% of their original worth because they needed money.

Most of the southern states had already paid off their debt.

As a compromise to the Southern states, Congress agreed to build a new capital along the Potomac River near VA and MD - Washington, D.C.

The plan would reward “speculators”.

Many had sold these bonds to others for 10-15% of their original worth because they needed money.

Most of the southern states had already paid off their debt.

As a compromise to the Southern states, Congress agreed to build a new capital along the Potomac River near VA and MD - Washington, D.C.

6. What other economic

challenges did Hamilton face as the Secretary of the Treasury?

First Bank of the United States

First Bank of the United States

Tax money deposited here.

Paper money issued to pay bills and make loans.

Encouraged economic growth.

Tax money deposited here.

Paper money issued to pay bills and make loans.

Encouraged economic growth.

Congress passes Tariffs

Congress passes Tariffs

Taxes on foreign goods brought into the country.

Would make foreign goods more expensive.

Would help local manufacturers.

Taxes on foreign goods brought into the country.

Would make foreign goods more expensive.

Would help local manufacturers.

North vs. SouthNorth vs. South

Northern states had more factories so they relied on fewer foreign goods.

Southern farmers bought many foreign goods.

Which groups do you think would support a high tariff (tax)? Why?

Northern states had more factories so they relied on fewer foreign goods.

Southern farmers bought many foreign goods.

Which groups do you think would support a high tariff (tax)? Why?

7. What situation led to a rebellion of corn farmers?

Hamilton issued a tax on all liquor made and sold in the U.S.

Corn was hard to transport so that it could be sold.

Farmers converted the corn to whiskey which was much easier to transport in barrels.

Hamilton issued a tax on all liquor made and sold in the U.S.

Corn was hard to transport so that it could be sold.

Farmers converted the corn to whiskey which was much easier to transport in barrels.

Farmers Refused to PayFarmers Refused to Pay