95-733 Internet Technologies Lecture 2: XML/XSLT 1.

transcript

95-733 Internet Technologies

Lecture 2: XML/XSLT

XML/XSLT

• What is XML?

• What is XSLT?

• From XML to HTML using XSLT

• The XSLT processing model

• An Example from FpML

• Homework

What is XML?

XML is an acronym that stands for the eXtensible Markup Language.

It is a flexible framework which can be used to create new customizedmarkup languages. It’s a meta-language.

XHTML, for example, is one XML markup language with a tag set:<P> <H1> ….

XML, on the other hand, does not define any particular set of tags. Itallows you to create your own tag set and it allows you to define howthe tag set is organized.

What is XML’s primary purpose?

• Separating data from presentation: The range of internet capable devices is growing- mobile phones, pagers, TV sets, web browsers, in car computers, may have different presentation requirements. Examples include HTML 5 for browsers, Android’s UI Layout language, and MXML for Flash Players.

• Transmitting data between applications: The amount of data exchanged between organizations is increasing. SOAP is an XML language. Rest style web services often return XML. Ajax responses are often in XML.

Some XML LanguagesEBXMLRSS RDFaAtom WSDLSOAP BPELXHTML WMLChemical Markup Language OWLVoiceXML RDFXBRL SVGDarwin Information Typing Architecture(DITA) RIFXSLT WS-CDLMXML MathML FpML CDAKML (Keyhole Markup Google Map/Earth)GML

Be sure to read about each of these.

Some for display. Some for data.Some for programming.

What is XSLT?

XSLT stands for eXtensible Style Sheet Language : Transformations

XSLT is an XML language for transforming the structure of an XMLDocument.

Plays well with CSS.

What is XSLT’s primary purpose?

• With the widespread adoption of XML languages there is a be a need to extract and combine data from one set of XML documents to generate another set of XML documents.

• In this presentation we will use XSLT to convert XML documents to HTML. • Other XML languages are just as easily processed – An Enterprise Service Bus, for example, makes use of XSLT for message transformation.

XML to HTML using XSLT

(1) The XML document and the associated XSL style sheet mayboth be transferred to the browser.

(2) The server may apply the style sheet to an XML documentand the result may be sent to the client.

(3) The transformation may occur before the data is placed on the server.

Xalan may be used for (2) or (3). All major browsers for (1). XSLT processors are callable from JavaScript or Java or … 8

•A bibliography expressed in xml is

converted to a bibliography in html

bib.xml<?xml version="1.0" ?>

</bib>

<book isbn = "1-861003-12-9"> <title> XSLT Programmer's Reference </title> <author> Michael Kay </author> </book>

<paper> <title> GoTo Statement Considered Harmful </title> <author> Edsger Dijkstra</author> </paper><book isbn = "0-201485-43-5"> <title> XML and Java Developing Web Application</title> <author> Maruyama </author> <author> Tamura</author> <author> Uramoto </author></book>

bib.xsl

<xsl:template match = "/">

</xsl:template>

<html> <title>ISBN Numbers</title> <body> <h1>ISBN Numbers</h1> <ul><xsl:apply-templates/></ul> </body> </html>

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">

bib.xsl (continued)

<xsl:template match = "book"> <li> <xsl:value-of select = "@isbn" /> </li> </xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "paper"></xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>12

bib.html

<html><title>ISBN Numbers</title><body><h1>ISBN Numbers</h1><ul> <li>1-861003-12-9</li> <li>0-201485-43-5</li></ul></body></html>

Bib.html

bib.xml<?xml version="1.0" ?>

</bib>

<book isbn = "1-861003-12-9"> <title> XSLT Programmer's Reference </title> <author> Michael Kay </author> </book>

<paper> <title> GoTo Statement Considered Harmful </title> <author> Edsger Dijkstra</author> </paper><book isbn = "0-201485-43-5"> <title> XML and Java Developing Web Application</title> <author> Maruyama </author> <author> Tamura</author> <author> Uramoto </author></book>

book paper book

title author

XSLT Prog… Michael Kay

bib.html

<html><title>ISBN Numbers</title><body><h1>ISBN Numbers</h1><ul> <li>1-861003-12-9</li> <li>0-201485-43-5</li></ul></body></html>

title body

ISBN.. h1 ul

1-86…0-201..

bib2.xsl<?xml version="1.0"?><xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"

version="1.0"> <xsl:template match = "/">

<html> <title>Author(s)/Title</title> <body> <h1>Author(s)/Title</h1> <ul><xsl:apply-templates/></ul> </body> </html> </xsl:template>

bib2.xsl (continued)<xsl:template match = "book|paper"> <li> <xsl:for-each select = "author"> <xsl:value-of select = "." /> </xsl:for-each> <i> <xsl:value-of select = "title"/> </i> </li> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>

bib2.html<html><title>Author(s)/Title</title><body><h1>Author(s)/Title</h1><ul> <li> Michael Kay <i> XSLT Programmer's Reference </i></li> <li> Edsger Dijkstra<i> GoTo Statement Considered Harmful </i></li> <li> Maruyama Tamura Uramoto <i> XML and Java Developing Web Application</i></li></ul></body></html>

bib2.html

Bib3.xsl<?xml version="1.0"?><xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"

version="1.0">

<xsl:template match = "/"> <html> <title>Author(s)</title> <body> <h1>Author(s)</h1> <ul> <xsl:apply-templates select = "/bib/book[2]/author[3]"/> <xsl:apply-templates select = "/bib/book[2]/author[2]"/> <xsl:apply-templates select = "/bib/book[2]/author[1]"/> </ul> </body> </html> </xsl:template>

Bib3.xsl (Continued)<xsl:template match = "author"> <li> <xsl:value-of select = "."/> </li> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>

Bib3.html

<html><title>Author(s)</title><body><h1>Author(s)</h1><ul><li> Uramoto </li><li> Tamura</li><li> Maruyama </li></ul></body></html>

95-733 Internet Technologies 24

•A poem expressed in xml is converted

to a poem expressed in html

Poem.xml (1 of 3)<?xml version="1.0" ?>

<poem> <author> Rupert Brooke </author> <date> 1912 </date> <title>Song</title>

Poem.xml (2 of 3)<stanza> <line>And suddenly the wind comes soft, </line> <line>And Spring is here again;</line> <line>And the hawthorn quickens with buds of green</line> <line>And my heart with buds of pain.</line> </stanza>

<stanza> <line>My heart all Winter lay so numb,</line> <line>The earth so dead and frore,</line> <line>That I never thought the Spring would come again</line> <line>Or my heart wake any more.</line> </stanza> 27

Poem.xml (3 of 3)

<stanza> <line>But Winter's broken and earth has woken, </line> <line>And the small birds cry again;</line> <line>And the hawthorn hedge puts forth its buds,</line> <line>And my heart puts forth its pain.</line> </stanza></poem>

Poem.html

Poem.xsl (1 of 4)<?xml version="1.0"?>

<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">

<xsl:template match = "poem"> <html> <head> <title> <xsl:value-of select="title"/> </title> </head>

Poem.xsl (2 of 4)

Poem.xsl (3 of 4)<xsl:template match = "title"> <div align="center"><h1><xsl:value-of select="."/></h1></div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match = "author"> <div align="center"><h2>By <xsl:value-of select="."/></h2></div> </xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "date"> <p><i><xsl:value-of select="."/></i></p> </xsl:template>

Poem.xsl (4 of 4)<xsl:template match="stanza"> <p><xsl:apply-templates select="line"/></p> </xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "line"> <xsl:if test="position() mod 2 = 0"> </xsl:if> <xsl:value-of select="."/><br/> </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet> Nonbreaking space not includedautomatically in xmlas in html 33

XSLT’s Processing Model

Consider the following XML file

We’ll look at a way to view this tree as a set.

person

name age

Alan 19

This is the normal way an XSLT programmer views the document.

We can represent this tree as a set.

{person : { name : alan, age : 19, email : alan@his.org} }

A tree will be represented as a set of ordered pairs.

Another example

<biblio> <book> <author> Smith </author> <author> Jones </author> <date> 1976 </date> </book> <book> <author> Bell </author> <date> 1999 </date> </book> <paper> <title> Public key encryption</title> <author> Kensworth </author> </paper></biblio>

{biblio:{ book:{author:Smith,author:Jones,date:1976},

book:{author:Bell,date:1999},

paper:{title:Public key encryption, author:Kensworth}

XSLT uses Structural Recursion

We apply transformation rules in a top-down manner.Non-leafs normally generate recursive calls.

An XSLT stylesheet can be viewed as a function thatdefines a transformation.

O = S(I)

I is the input document S is the stylesheet O is the output document

An example

f(v) = if isInt(v) then intTwoString(v) else vf({}) = {}f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }f( t1 union t2 ) = f(t1) union f(t2)

// This program replaces integers with strings.

An example

f({biblio:{ book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}, book:{author:Bell,date:1999}, paper:{title:Public key encryption, author:Kensworth} }}) =

= {biblio: f({ book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}, book:{author:Bell,date:1999}, paper:{title:Public key encryption, author:Kensworth} } ) }

We have a match

An example

f({ book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}, book:{author:Bell,date:1999}, paper:{title:Public key encryption, author:Kensworth} }) =

f({ book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}, book:{author:Bell,date:1999} })

f({ paper:{title:Public key encryption, author:Kensworth} })

f( t1 union t2 ) = f(t1) union f(t2) We have a match

f(v) = if isInt(v) then intTwoString(v) else v

f({}) = {}

f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }

f( t1 union t2 ) = f(t1) union f(t2)

We have a match

f({ book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}, book:{author:Bell,date:1999} }) =

f( {book :{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}}) unionf( {book:{author:Bell,date:1999}}

f({}) = {}

f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }

We have a match

f( {book :{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}}) =

{ book : f({author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}) }

f({}) = {}

f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }

We have a match

f({author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}) =

f({author:Smith}) union f({author : Jones, date:1976})

f({}) = {}

f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }

We have a match

f({author:Smith}) = { author : f (Smith) }

f({}) = {}

f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }

We have a match

{ author : f (Smith) } = { author : Smith }

… and so on …

f({biblio:{ book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976},

book:{author:Bell,date:1999},

paper:{title:Public key encryption,

author:Kensworth}

}) = {biblio:{book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:”1976”},

book:{author:Bell,date:”1999”},

paper:{title:Public key encryption,

author:Kensworth}

An Example From The Financial World (FpML)

FpML (Financial products Markup Language) is a new protocol to enable e-commerce activities in the field of financial derivatives.It is based on XML (Extensible Markup Language), the standardmeta-language for describing data shared between applications.Ultimately, it will allow for the electronic integration of a rangeof services, from electronic trading and confirmations toportfolio specification for risk analysis. All categories of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives will eventually beincorporated into the standard; however, the initial release willfocus on interest rate swaps and Forward Rate Agreements (FRAs).

Taken from www.fpml.org. 49

Who put FpML together?Bank of America BNP Paribas Chase Manhattan Bank Citigroup Concordia Net Credit Suisse First Boston Deutsche Bank Extensibility FinancialFusion Fuji Capital Markets

Goldman Sachs IBM J.P. Morgan Morgan Stanley Dean Witter PricewaterhouseCoopers Reuters SunGard Trading and Risk Systems S.W.I.F.T. Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial TelecommunicationUBS Warburg webMethods

An FpML Document

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>

<fpml:FpML xmlns:fpml='urn:fpml-FpML' xmlns:m='urn:fpml-money' xmlns:r='urn:fpml-rate'> <fpml:Trade> <fpml:tradeIDs> <tid:TradeIDs xmlns:tid="urn:fpml-TradeID"> <tid:TradeID> <tid:partyReference>XYZ Investement Bank</tid:partyReference> <tid:transactionReferenceNumber>237732</tid:transactionReferenceNumber> </tid:TradeID> <tid:TradeID> <tid:partyReference>ABC Investments</tid:partyReference> <tid:transactionReferenceNumber>1230</tid:transactionReferenceNumber> </tid:TradeID> </tid:TradeIDs> </fpml:tradeIDs>

<fpml:product> <fpswp:FXSwap xmlns:fpswp="urn:fpml-FX-Product-SwapType"> <fpswp:productID>P123908</fpswp:productID> <!-- at the moment valid value is FXSwap. it could

be expanded later --> <fpswp:productType>FXSwap</fpswp:productType> <fpswp:nearLeg> <ftsl:FXLegTemplate xmlns:ftsl="urn:fpml-FX-Template-Leg" xmlns:fxs="urn:fpml-shared-FX"> <fxs:ccy1>SFC</fxs:ccy1> <fxs:ccy2>GBP</fxs:ccy2> <fxs:ccy1BuyerReference>ABC Investments</fxs:ccy1BuyerReference> <fxs:ccy2BuyerReference>XYZ Investement Bank</fxs:ccy2BuyerReference> <fxs:ccy1Amount> <m:Money> <m:ccy>SFC</m:ccy> <m:amount>15600000</m:amount> </m:Money> </fxs:ccy1Amount> 53

<fxs:ccy2Amount> <m:Money> <m:ccy>GBP</m:ccy> <m:amount>10000000</m:amount> </m:Money> </fxs:ccy2Amount> <fxs:settlementDate>1999-08-01</fxs:settlementDate> <fxs:exchangeRate> <r:FXRate> <r:ccy1>SFC</r:ccy1> <r:ccy2>GBP</r:ccy2> <r:type>offer</r:type> <r:quoteBasis>CCY1PERCCY2</r:quoteBasis> <r:rate>1.56</r:rate> </r:FXRate> </fxs:exchangeRate> </ftsl:FXLegTemplate> </fpswp:nearLeg>

<fpswp:farLeg> <ftsl:FXLegTemplate xmlns:ftsl="urn:fpml-FX-Template-Leg" xmlns:fxs="urn:fpml-shared-FX"> <fxs:ccy1>SFC</fxs:ccy1> <fxs:ccy2>GBP</fxs:ccy2> <fxs:ccy1BuyerReference>XYZ Investement Bank</fxs:ccy1BuyerReference> <fxs:ccy2BuyerReference>ABC Investments</fxs:ccy2BuyerReference> <fxs:ccy1Amount> <m:Money> <m:ccy>SFC</m:ccy> <m:amount>16600000</m:amount> </m:Money> </fxs:ccy1Amount> <fxs:ccy2Amount> <m:Money> <m:ccy>GBP</m:ccy> <m:amount>10000000</m:amount> </m:Money> </fxs:ccy2Amount> 55

<fxs:settlementDate>1999-09-01</fxs:settlementDate> <fxs:exchangeRate> <r:FXRate> <r:ccy1>SFC</r:ccy1> <r:ccy2>GBP</r:ccy2> <r:type>offer</r:type> <r:quoteBasis>CCY1PERCCY2</r:quoteBasis> <r:rate>1.66</r:rate> </r:FXRate> </fxs:exchangeRate> </ftsl:FXLegTemplate> </fpswp:farLeg> </fpswp:FXSwap> </fpml:product>

<fpml:partyInformation> <pty:PartyInformation xmlns:pty="urn:fpml-party" xmlns:a="urn:fpml-contact"> <pty:tradeParties> <pty:Party name="ABC_Trust">

<pty:partyType>COUNTERPARTY</pty:partyType> <pty:corporateInformation> <pty:CorporateInformation> <pty:shortName>ABC Investments</pty:shortName> </pty:CorporateInformation> </pty:corporateInformation> <pty:confirmInformation> <pty:ConfirmInformation> <pty:primaryConfirmContact>

<a:Contact> <a:contactName>Jacob Smith</a:contactName> <a:contactOrganizationName>ABC Investments</a:contactOrganizationName> <a:emailAddress>jsmith@abc.com</a:emailAddress> <a:phoneNumber>212-888-1234</a:phoneNumber> <a:faxNumber>212-888-8888</a:faxNumber> <a:contactAddress> <a:Address> <a:streetAddress> <a:StreetAddress> <a:streetLine>123, Park Avenue</a:streetLine> </a:StreetAddress> </a:streetAddress> <a:city>New York</a:city> <a:state>NY</a:state> <a:country>US</a:country> <a:postalCode>10387</a:postalCode> </a:Address> </a:contactAddress> </a:Contact>

</pty:primaryConfirmContact> </pty:ConfirmInformation> </pty:confirmInformation> <pty:settlementInformation> <pty:SettlementInstructions> <pty:settlementContact> <a:Contact> <a:contactName>Jacob Smith</a:contactName> <a:contactOrganizationName>Trade Settlements</a:contactOrganizationName> <a:phoneNumber>212-888-1434</a:phoneNumber> <a:faxNumber>212-888-6668</a:faxNumber> </a:Contact> </pty:settlementContact>

<pty:paymentInstructions> <pty:PaymentInstructions> <pty:settlementCurrency>GBP</pty:settlementCurrency> <pty:payFromName>ABC Bank PLC</pty:payFromName> <pty:correspondentInformation> <pty:FIRoutingInformation> <pty:fiName>ABC Bank PLC</pty:fiName> <pty:fiAddress> <a:Address> <a:city>London</a:city> <a:country>UK</a:country> </a:Address> </pty:fiAddress> <pty:fiAccountNumber>123456</pty:fiAccountNumber> <pty:fiRoutingID>ABC45678UK33</pty:fiRoutingID> <pty:fiRoutingIDType>SwiftBIC</pty:fiRoutingIDType> </pty:FIRoutingInformation> </pty:correspondentInformation>

<pty:intermediaryInformation> <pty:FIRoutingInformation> <pty:fiName>XYZ Bank PLC</pty:fiName> <pty:fiAccountNumber>293774</pty:fiAccountNumber> </pty:FIRoutingInformation> </pty:intermediaryInformation> <pty:beneficiaryInformation> <pty:FIRoutingInformation> <pty:fiName>ABC Brokers</pty:fiName> <pty:fiAccountNumber>/883733333</pty:fiAccountNumber> <pty:fiReferenceText>For the account of Harry Smith-/883733333 </pty:fiReferenceText> </pty:FIRoutingInformation> </pty:beneficiaryInformation> </pty:PaymentInstructions> </pty:paymentInstructions> </pty:SettlementInstructions> </pty:settlementInformation> </pty:Party>

</pty:tradeParties> </pty:PartyInformation> </fpml:partyInformation> </fpml:Trade></fpml:FpML>

FpML to HTML using XSLT

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:tid="urn:fpml-TradeID"

version="1.0">

<xsl:template match = "/" > <html> <title>Foreign Exchange Swap</title> <body> <xsl:apply-templates/> </body> </html>

</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match = "* | text()"> <xsl:apply-templates/>

</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match="tid:partyReference"> <p> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </p>

</xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

95-733 Internet Technologies 66

XSLT Transforms Data for different devices.

WML<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN“ "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">

<wml> <template> <do type="back" label="Back"> <prev/> </do> </template> <card id="main" title="Welcome to my WAP"> <p align="center">I can't say much, since this screen is tiny.<br/> Why don't you visit my <a href="#fave">favorite WAP links.</a> </p> </card>

<card id="fave" title="Favorite WAP Links"> <p align="center">These are some WAP sites I would love, if they existed.</p> <p align="left"> <a href="wap.cats.com”>Dog pictures</a><br/> <a href="wap.weather.com">The weather</a><br/> <a href="wap.jellybeans.org">One click jelly bean ordering</a> </p> </card> </wml>

HomeworkConsider XML document I

(1) Write an XSLT stylesheet thatgenerates the same documentbut with all element namescapitalized. Use Xalan.

(2) Design a function f = O(I)that defines f(v), f({}) ,f({r : t }) and f( t1 union t2 ) so that I is transformedas described in (1).

Bibliography

XSLT Programmer’s Reference, Michael Kay, Wrox

Data on the Web, Abiteboul, Buneman, Suciu, Morgan Kaufmann

XML Bible, Elliotte Rusty Harold, IDG Books

95-733 Internet Technologies Lecture 2: XML/XSLT 1.

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