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A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and Design
Petra Gruber
University of AkronMyers School of Arts / Department of BiologyBiomimicry Research and Innovation Centerpgruber@uakron.edu
© Bruno Stubenrauch
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
nature technology
abstraction
principle
technologicalprocesses
biologicalprocesses
extended basic research
methods
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
biology
architecture
criteria
order
propagation
energy
homoeostasis
evolution
information
self organisation
limitationur
ban
desi
gn
build
ing
proc
ess
mat
eria
l
anal
ogy
com
paris
onas
soci
atio
nco
nver
genc
etr
ansf
orm
atio
n
growth
reaction
growth
reaction
signs of life
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
projects
SPACEbioinspired design for space
BIOSKINenergy efficient facade of the future
BIORNAMETICSpatterns from nature for architecture
GrABGrowing As Building
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
Biomimetic design proposalspillbug shell, katharina fuchs 2007
space
shape/space change
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
Transformation structure|space2005space loggia, stefano caneppele
space
shape/space change
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
Lunar Base DesignVienna University of Technology, Alcatel Alenia Spazio 2005
lunar exploration architecture
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
lunar exploration architecture
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
lunar exploration architecture
Lunar Base DesignVienna University of Technology, Alcatel Alenia Spazio 2005
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
bioinspired energyefficient facade systems
• adaptive• multifunctional• integrated• dispersed• energy efficient• communicative
BioSkin Research potential forbioinspired energy efficient facades
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
facade issues
lightheat protectionair exchangecoolingenergytransportsustainability
40 detailed questions biologised
change/filter/control wavelengthtransmit light with minimal loss of
intensitydirect/guide lightbundle lightintensify light - luminosityuse light effectivelytransmit light over (long) distancesgenerate lighttransmit light selectivelydisperse/scatter lightgenerate constant luminance/light
densitychange/control transmission factorchange/control
reflectance/reflectivitygenerate sunshadeavoid lightreact/adapt to changing light
conditions
database of 240 models
Fibers guide light: venus flower basket
Facets in insectsLeaves focus light: begoniasLenses in eyesCrustacean optical systemsBrittlestar calcite microlensesButterfly scales - structural coloursFeathers - reflectivity and structure
BioSkin Research potential forbioinspired energy efficient facades
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
database of 240 models from nature
Fibers guide light: venus flower basketFacets in insectsLeaves focus light: begonias
Lenses in eyesCrustacean optical systems
Brittlestar calcite microlensesButterfly scales - structural coloursFeathers - reflectivity and structure
abstraction of principles and 30 selected models
light transfer by fibres and crystalsvenus flower basket
light transfer by lensen and facetsfacets in insects
photonic structurebrittlestar calcite microlenses
priorisation according to:• facade technology• technological transferability• scaleability of phenomenon • availability of basic research
development oftechnical concepts
BioSkin Research potential forbioinspired energy efficient facades
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
self shading by shapecacti
assumptionarea: ~ 450m²
height: 80m 8 different shapes
analysis:influence of shape on energy managementself shading – passive cooling effect
[D. Bach, FH Villach, Masters Biomimetics in Energy Systems)
BioSkin Research potential forbioinspired energy efficient facades
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
Science to architecture : design by research
BIORNAMETICS
Barbara ImhofPetra Gruber
Waltraut HohenederIlle GebeshuberGeorge JeronimidisClemens Grünberger
Greg LynnKristy BallietJustin DilesKlaus BollingerGeorg Gläser
Moritz DörstelmannBika Sibila RebekJoseph HofmarcherLisa Sommerhuber
Hisham Abdel-AalNatasha Chayaamor
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
Science to architecture : design by research
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
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DatabaseFunctionalgroups
Science to architecture : design by research
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
Working models15_Pufferfish
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Science to architecture : design by research
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
Simulations12_Giant clam
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Rules:• Width growth• Curvature degree• Translation height
BIORNAMETICS
Doc. No.: Project
Issue: 0 Date: 20-Apr-11
Revision: Date:
Page: 78 of 122
Figure 11-17: Generating rules: width growth and curvature degree
© Biornametics 2010
Shape Construction Rules:
� Width growth � Curvature degree � Translation height
This simple rule constitutes the basis behind all rim-growth: The outer edge of the shell is translated in the direction of growth - effect being the expansion of the shell.
� Curvature change
Exploration example: By varying the starting conditions and then just letting the simulation do the rest, surprisingly varied final forms can be achieved. Noteworthy is that once the generating rules are defined, only initial and growth parameters are varied. Any construction method following these rules would by definition also be able to achieve this range of results.
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Science to architecture : design by research
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
Fibres and bundlesGlobal and local shape changeAdaptivity and reactivity
Science to architecture : design by research
© Bruno Stubenrauch
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
© GrAB
GrAB - Growing As Buildingtakes growth patterns and dynamics from nature andapplies them to architecture with the goal of creating anew living architecture.
Barbara Imhof, Petra GruberWaltraut Hoheneder, Viktor GudenusDamjan Minovski, Tanja Oberwinkler
Julian Vincent, Thomas SpeckAngelo Vermeulen
Andreas Körner, Rafael Sánchez Ceren Yönetim, Mohammedneja Shikur
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
GOALS
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
Selfdesigning Building
Speed of Action
Self-organisation
Change of Material Structure
Carnivorous Plants
Sensing LightCucumber
Sensing VibrationSpider
Sensing Temperature
Tulip
Sensing Humidity
Stork’s Bill
Sensing Stress
Building from Bottom Up
Chemo-sensors
Sensing air pressure
differences
Parasitic and symbiotic behavior
ExplorationDeployment
HornbeamPellen dispersal
Sensing Humidity
Pine Cone
Temperature Control Wall
Insulation when Needed
Bilding form Top Down
Self-repairing Building
Changing Wall Openings
Slime MoldSelf HealingBanjanBoneFruits/ Eggs/ Coconut Lichen
Sensing Temperature
Sensing Humidity
Safety / Reliability Actuation Hirarchical
StructuringDampening BehavioursSensing Light
Architectural Targets
Growth-related principles
ANALOGIES
Biological role models
© GrAB
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
BIOLAB
Establishment of the BIOLAB at the University of Applied Arts
© GrAB
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
BIOLABEXPERIMENTS
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
SLIME MOLD
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
MYCELIUM
© GrAB
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
© GrAB
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
© GrAB
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
© GrAB
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
MOBILE PRINTER
© GrAB
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
Local printerMaterial cycle
© Bruno Stubenrauch
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
research at BRIC
• further exploration of the overlap between architecture, arts and biology
• material and structures• selfassembly and selfdesign• energy • sustainable design
• link to additive production technologies• establishment of the biomimicry fablab
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
resources
www.bionicfacades.netwww.biornametics.comwww.growingasbuilding.org
ISSN 1748-3182BIOINSPIRATION &BIOMIMETICSLearning from nature
iopscience.org/bbSpecial sectionBioinspired architecture and construction
GUEST EDITORS: PETRA GRUBER AND GEORGE JERONIMIDIS
Volume 7 Number 1 March 2012
WHAT IS THE ARCHITECT DOING IN THE JUNGLE?BIORNAMETICSEDITED BY BARBARA IMHOF, PETRA GRUBER
biornametics_280x187_n 13.11.12 10:49 Seite 2
A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber
Research potential for bioinspired energy efficient facades
thank you!petra pruber pgruber@uakron.edu