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Scholars' Mine Scholars' Mine
Professional Degree Theses Student Theses and Dissertations
1921
A complete coal mine survey A complete coal mine survey
Harry A. Kluge
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A COMPLJS TE COAL I~I :tr~: SUR V1!!Y • ~1'1'"
"
THESI D ,-
Su bmi t t'~'"tl '13:/
Ht;.rry A. Klul£e.
O,:nd1date for Degree Of Engineer of r.lines.-
March 31. 1921.
CONTl!!N'rs.
Pa,ge.
I n t r 0 du c t i 011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Pa.rt I. Fi eld Wor-k.
The Top Survey --------------------------------- 8 The Sh~~ft Plur.1",)il1g --- --- - ---- - --- - -- ----------- 8
The Underground Survey ------------------------- 9
Port II. Office Work.
Th e !i,~D,p - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - "" ..... - - - .. - - - ... - - - - - - - 1 5
The TrfJ,cing .----------- ------ --- - -- - -- -- - - - - --- 17
Part III.
Field Notes ------------------------------------ 19
Pt~.rt IV,
Tr:;Ycrse Sheets ------------------"".------------ 31
B i bliogro.pl'ly ------ --- - --- ---- --- -- ----- - ----- - .. i
I rlclcx .... --.'.' •. ----- .. ----- ...... - .. -----'.-: .... -' .. - .. --- .. -- ...... -- ii
ILLUSTRATIONS
Pa.ge
Fig. 1, Sights in Pe.1r of Entries Seps.rltt.adby
P111a.r ofO.orreot Thickness -----~- .. ----,.--- 11.
J1g. 2. Sigh ts in Pair of Bntr1e s Sepp.rn.ted by
Pill~'r of Incorrect Thickness ------------- 12.
IHTRODU C'TI or:.
As e,n introduction to this th'csie. it would probc~b
ly be well to .gi ve the laws of the sta.te of I 111noi S 1'e
lat1,!e,'!Q. mine ma.pe. These 18ws come under "An .Act to
1"8v198 the lows in rele.tion to the c08.1 mine,.;' a,tid. sub
jects relating thereto. and providing for the health
and eB.fety of persons €np1oyed therein. 'Approved June
6. 1911, inforce July 1, 1911. L. 1911, p. 386."
Section 7 rea.de a.s follows:
(D.) The opera. tor of every coe.1 mine in the Sta,te
shD.ll make I 'or ce.u se to be ma.de. e.n a.ccura.te mo.p or
ple,n of au ch Lline. drnwn to 8. 808.1e not sma.ller tha.n
200 feet to the 1no04 All mee.suremente sha.llbe in feet
£lne: decixna.la of e, foot. On suoh me.p·s she.ll c,ppeo.r the
ne.me of the StrLte. country G.nd township in which the
l;~ine is loco,ted. the denienG.tion of thernine. the nr:.ne
of the compa.ny or owner. the certifi oo.te ot, ,tbe'minit1Q.
engineer or surveyor ~).f3 to the cccurG C:l o;'1d d~~te of,:·tlife
Aurvey, .. tt1,tUlo.rth p·9~1nt .. a.nd ,the ece.le ., whi ch the dro.w-
1ng is ma.de.
SurfD.ce Survey. (b) Such ITID.p orplo:n' she,ll Doc:nil!'
I3.telyahow the surff-).ce t·Qundary liner; of the coal rights
pert,,1n1ns to •. a,ch mine, a,no 8.11 sections 'or quc,rter
sect! on';" lineaoroornera w1thinthe SelmG; the lines of
town lots a.nd streets; the tr9,cke e.nd aide-tra.ckeof
(1)
D.l1 r8.ilro,;d~5. r:.nc.. the loce.tion of a.1l Vla.Gon rondr;, riv-
ers, strec·.ms, ponc~ :3. loce.tion nnd depth of holes drilled
for oil, g:)!l or vlntcr tLe:t penetre.te e. worka,ble cOB.1
SeSItl. s,nd the eleve.t i on nbove the cOB.l seam. of any
strean or body of water that T;1it.;ht endanger the mi,n..~.;
UnderGround Survey. (c) li'or the Ullc.i. erc;round work-
inss. said maps shall showell shafts, slopes, tunnels
or other openings to the 8urfo.ce or to the 'workings of
e. contiguous mine; 0.11 excnvn tions, entrieB, rooms D.nd
cross-cuta.;the locB.tion of the fan or furnace c.nd the
dil'eotion of the e.ir currents; the loco.tion of pumps.
~a.uling enGine f3. eng ina pla.ne a, s.ba.ndoned work s, fire
walls and Btandi~g water; and the outcrop line of the
ae~~. i f ~ny ,on the·'·!)!'ope·rty.
The genera.l ou tline of 8.11 8reH.n in whi c11 p111e.rs
oo.ve been dra.wn shi3.l1 be indi Ct.: tee: on t~·lemD.p.
Each underground mop ~lso sholl show. in feet and
de<lima.la thereof, the elevnt_Lon of the floor of the
cool a.tr!l8.F3ona,ble intervcls on the ma.in entries nnd
crOAn entries from the bottom of the aha.ft to the face
of the workingA; such elevations shall be referred to
the floor of the coal at the bottom of the hOisting
sh€!.ft.
Ma.p For Every See.m. (d) A sepe.ra.te and eim11a.r
ma.:p. dra.wn to the ae.me se.a.le. she,ll be me.de of ea,oh and
(2)
every 8e9m, which. c'fter the p(l8~a.ge of this Act, she,ll
be worked in B.ny mine. nnd the me.pa of 3.11 such seBIns
sh8.11 8ho\,! Ell shnftn. inclined pla.ne,s or other pe,ass.ge
ways connecting the same.
Sepo.rote M:a.p s ~'or The Surface. (e) A sepa.ra.te map
8.1 so aho.ll be m;:~,dc of the f3urfc· CG \!Lenover the Burfa.ce
buildings, lines or obj ects D,re 80 numerous D,S to ob
scure the dete.iIs fo the mine workings if dre.wn upon the
same sheet wi th them, s.nd in such case the aurface me.p
she.ll be drawn on tra.napa,rent cloth or pEJper. so that
it oan be ls.1d upon the me.p of the underground workings,
nnd thus indicHte the relation of linea vnd objections
'on the aurfa.oeto the,e:xcavs:tiona of 'the mine.
The Dip. (i), lJa·cnrne.p 8h8.11 a.180,' show by profile
drs.wing fi,nd meElsurernente. in feet B.nd dec1ma.ls thereof.
the ri se E.tnd dip of the seDIn from the bottom of the
Bhnft in either direction to the face of the workings.
CopieB For Inspectors Gnd Recorders. (g) The ori-
t~inf).l ortcrue copies of 9.11 suah mH.ps she.ll be kept in
the offic~ at the~ineJ and one true copy thereof shall
be furnished to the Sto.te inspector of mines for the
district in which sc),id mine is loce.ted. B.nd one aha.ll be
filed in the offi ce of the recorder of' th~ county in
whi oh themine1a lo,oa~ed. within ,thirty daye a.fter the
(3)
completion of the A?j.~.e. 'rhe r.1t.ps 60 delivered to the in
spector and to the recorder s118.l1 rems.in in the custody
of said inspector 8n~ recorder during their respective
terms of office. clnd be delivered by them to their succes
ore in offi ce. They aha.ll be kep t B,t the office of the
inspector nne. of the recorder. nne. "be open to the exam.
ine.tio·n of B.ll persona intereeted in the 8e.1:1e, but such
eXD!:1ine.tion she.ll be nUlde only in the presence of the in
spector or the recorder. Neither the inspeotor'nor the
county reo,order she,ll permi t B.ny copies of the same to
be me.de wi thou t the wri tten oonsent of the operator or
the owner of the property.
The county recorder she.ll properly index such map a,s
part of the title reoord of the property affected.
A oopy of eEJ.ch n1e.p ~)nd exten ;:d OYU::, to the seme .hell
be furn1 shed the mi ne re f·jCU e ;jt~lti on comr:1i 8s1on for use
in conneotion with rescue work only.
Annua.l Surveys. (h) An extension of the In.st preoe
ding survey of every mine in act1 ve operD.tion Bha.ll be
InfJde once 1nevery twe'lve months prior to July 1. of ev
ery year. and the results of said survey, with the date
thereof sha.ll be promptly vna nccurs,tely 'entered upon
theo:rr,1g1ne.l mfJ.ps and all copies of the se,rne,BO a.a to
show8.11ohe.ri;gefJ'1n"plan or new work';1n themine. a,nd all
.( 4)
e'cte:·Lsion.s of the old v,orkingB to the IGOf3t ;.dvD.nced fa.ce
or bounda.ry of se.id workings which hElve 'L,e(~n ;·~~.'.,de f:'lince
the In,st preceding survey. The Sta.te inspector. the
county recorder e.nd the rescue ete,tion oommission she.ll
be furni shed wi th D CO;)Y of the soid extended ma.p or of
Abe.ndoneeJ !.:ines. (i) V/l'1en 8.ny coul mine l~:) worked
ou t or is abou t to be nbandoned or indefini tely clo sed.
the opere.tor of the BD,i:e shall mo.lee, or couse to be rna,de.
A. fino.l survey of such r:'line; to show the entire worked
out s.rea, when the mine was closed, and the results of
th •. lame sha,ll be duly e~t:tended on 13.11 mo.ps of the mines
8.nd copies thereof herein required to be filed. The
shaft. slope or drift opening into D.ny such a,bandon.d
mine she.ll be kep t securely ene10 sed.
3peciel Survey. (j) '£1'1e Stc.\te in~;ipector of mines.
or theSto,te Mining Eoa.rd, may order D. survey to be ~{~1L:.de
of the workings of s.ny mine in [iddi tion to the reL,JUle.r
anriua.l survey, the re sul ts to be extended on the tlD.p s of
the ss.rue B.nd the copies thereot. whenever the. se.fety of
the workmen. unlawful inj ury to th e f3urfaoe. unle.v:ful
encroaohment upon adj oininG property. or the se.fety of
e,n a.dJ o1nit1,.~inerequ1reB 1 t.
If the ste.te ,. inspector of mines of the Ste.te Mining
:Board she.ll believe B.ny ma.p required by thi 8 Acit'''., rna(5)
\
terio.lly in:-:;ccurr.;.te or ir:1per····ect. theSt;~lte inr;pector or
stD.tc :~ining :Boerc~. i8 D.uthorizecl to L1D.ke. or cause to 'be
Tn:J.d.e. 8. correct nurvey D.nd ma.p s.t the expense of Lhe op-
era.tor. the cost recovere.ble as for debt, provided if
. such test surveys GhowfJ the opera.tor' a ma.p to 'be orr.ot.
the St8.te shall liO lir,l)le for the eXl)enf)e incurred, pe,y-
s.ble in such r.1o.nner a.s other sts.te e.ccounts incurred by
the State Mining Board.
Pena.lties For Fnilure. (k) If D.n opere.tor of s.ny
mine refu se f3 or wilfully negle ct fi. for D. period of three
monthe. to furnish the sB.id Sto .. te inspector, the county
recorder end the mr=lnr3ger of the re seue ate.tiona thema.p·
or plnn of such uine. or H copy· thereof J or of the exten-
aione thereto. as provided for in th1~ Act. euah oper.;.~
tor she.ll be deemed guilty of e. misdernee.nor, B.nd onoon-
viction thereof sho.ll be fined not le~s than ·t~n dollars
nor !.lore tha.n one hundred doll~lrA. in the di aeretion of
the court, B.nd she.ll ste.nd cormni tted to the ooun ty j B.il
until such fine ia pa.id. s.nd,in 8.dd1tion thereto. the
St8.te inspector or Ste,te Mining Boe.rel is hereby au tho-
rized to noke. 9r t b ', CDU se o"e mr}Cle, L.n u.ccurnte r:18.'0 or
pla.n of such nine D.t tho e~{:LJen;;c of the operu.tor thereof; .
B.nd the ·co at of the S81.1e L10y "be r.e covere d by le.w from the
operator in the sanle ma,nner a.s 0 ther debts by sui t. in
the neme of theSta.te" insp-ector or the Sta.te J~ining Boe.rd.
(6)
filed 1JY him or the boe.rd, one es.oh with said recorder
8nu jr.:ine Rescue Corrunission. (Amended by ActJ approvec1
June 28, 1915; info,rce July 1. 1915; L. 1915. p. 505.
The ~e la.wa a.re bu t in very few oe,se s stri ctJ.y e,d-
hered to in r1Hking the ma,pe. For insto.nce very few
maps. if D,ny. show the eleva.tion of the seaI:l ot rea,-
sonoble intervals. o.nd nre e.ccornpo,nied by a. profile. 8,S
referred to under (0) and (f).
( 7 )
PAnT I
The 'rap Survey.
Very little e~q>lf3.nation will lJe necessary in regards
to the top work. as the field note~ themselves are self-
from the bafle line at the :3hDft. (A-B; see notes on
Ahort :plUl'11Jil1;.;). The azimuth method we.e used. In cases
where no stone cr)ulc1 be f'oundt-\,t the cornerrl. fence cor
ners were uRed instead.
The ShG.ft Plumbing.
The twO··$haft system W[ f:l llsed in o,:.rrying the line
undergrou.nd. The fa.n wns stoPl'ed. 8,nd f;I. wire sUGpe~;,ded
in the;a.1r.ahttft froJn e, hee,vyt11I'lQer, thrown D(~rOSf~ the
(:~1 rlft f}nd spiked dO\lIln. l'he DDJ'ile wa.s done 8.t ~them[l.in
shs,ft, being c8reful :.J.ere that the wire did not come in
cont:.:~ct wi th th8 ;)h;~ft ti:Jl;ering. B,nd o.lso thrlt it d.id
not interfere 'wi th the cD.ge rJ1ovin,~~ up (J,nd down. No. 20
G ~:U Gee 0 p:p e:r.· wi re . W:'" r: u ned wi t ff .a.lrOQ;,t1~t]~·, f'C!l':1. t 0 f fin e
steel \vire O.t the bottom end.jl·ghtpound SRsh vtligh ts
(8)
were used, flnd thene pe.rtly submer~.~ecl i:'l light oil.
The preliminary prel)s.ra.ti ons hDving teen completed.
the survey 'uctween the wires on top ·we.s made. The party
then moved to the sh~tt bottom. e.nd eta.tiona 1 and 2
were, set in the hea,vy 12 x 12 timber s wi th whi ch the bo t-
tom i B timbere<..~. As soon D.S tile wire s stoppe (] swinging
the underground tr[-J.ver ::ie be tween tbe two wire S WBB run
with 1 to 2 tl.RSUr.1ed ['IB','beinu; north.
The tre.verse sheets gi ve the ca.lcula.tions B.nd ex:-
plD.in how the true bee,ring of 1 to 2 wa.s determined.
The Underground Survey.
Th e fJ e am 0 f co 8.1 e. t th is;: 1i n e i 8 81:) '.)U t fi ve fee t 1 n
thickcnsB. The botton ia of cley, D.nd the top of very
be d :?late 'whi ch break f3 Ul) a.nG crumble f3 Boon after the . .
co[~.l haG been mined out frau ulldt:r it. ::nd it becomes
exp 0 se cl to the ai r. 1'hi~::; ne ce 8 si ta.te 8 D. large a.mOUl1 t
of tim'bering. Oross b:·)rs sup ortec l,iY propf3 c:.re Det
8. i;ou t ei gh te en i nche A ~1P B,r t e.long 9,11 en tri e ~'1 o.nd down
the center line of the rooras. I,n ms.ny oases l(J.g(~ing is
p la.ced above th e ero ss lH).r s after H fe.ll l1c;'lS OGcurred or
the top hB.~:i l)eejl brun:'~ed to get more height. From fi ve
to eight inoh timber' 1 a used for thi 8 Ylork. III :.:' 1 CD
sea Where: s.ri:eJl·.!ry~. room. Qr ,~l;o.a.a-ou t 1 aturhedQ(f';~'
. en t.:ry. e. 00 l1a.r ··~S.~,.\~A ,se't.· Th.:fJ·.,:ar.~·.·::IU sU~;~ly.,.t,'t~h1nQ~
(9)
twelve inch timber eX0e~t for cross cuts that ore not
The entries are (11"i ven nine feet wide wi th B. thirty
foot pillar between. qroaa cuts are also driven nine
feet wide. The s:pecifica.tlons for rooms in mechlne·t' •. ·r~
ritory s.re thflt the~/ be turned on fifty-three foot cent-
erst wi th H nine foot neck. B.nd widened to twenty-eight
feet. In 801i d territory they ere to be turned on for;-ty
eigh t foot center s. wi til an eigh t foo t neck t 8.nd wi-
dened t()~.enty-eight feet.
The underground ~Jurvey weB st~lrted D.t ntfi.tion2;f
U Ril1.· .. ~ stntion 1 ; :~ n b[J d:{sight. The B.zimuth method of .. '
tr8.vernin.; wr, s used throughout. Sta.t1ons were set B.a
fa.r ape,rt as -polei ble alons ,tne ma.in entri·es.the fiO~r'!I
;s1'aQ,t rodman gOi'ng D.hea.d to the g~eate~t dip.ntS.lhle e:t
which he could sel..;) the li~ .. ;[Lt nt t~lC instruY!lent, e.nd set-
;t1ng 8.etat1on a.t thif3 pOint. ThiA 1'1ethod wne followed
until the mouth of the first workin/; stuL entry W,lB
rea.ohed,s,twbiQn ·.poin~.,~nd at 0.11 stub entries after
thi s. B. sto.tion ne.~es$s,r11y hod to be f3et. Wi th the
instru::lent set up s.t s. sts.tion s,t t! stuC) entry. one fltS.-
'ion.was set in the stub entry B,nd the sightte.ken on it.
ofterthe station' ehee,d in the me.in entry hU,d been set
B.nd sighted on. As the mea.surements between the eta.tiona . (10)
were ts.ken the plufi88f: 01' tl'~e crofH)-r~U.t~) Y.rC:'':'G noted.
It W(.:S neCeSS[:lry to set sights B .. t the fHee of the
21 t;nd 22 ~:)fJt entries. To do this. Sta.. 218 (~"ig.l)
we.8 set e.t the cross-over nea.r the fa.ce. W1thth.. in
strument set up P.t Sta .• 218, two spo.ds were lined!.
FI G. I.
Dbout three feet a.part on on HziLlUth of C~O decrees.
They \7ere fie t ~11)ou t t\','en t:l feet frolfl the ft~ce t HS were
e 11 si £;;h t f> 1 n thi 8 survey. excep t where 0 therwi ee no te d.
The rec.r one of these two spade we,a talc en as theets,t$:'on
find mesAured to. The noteA show this, the statlon,.lii1,ng,;
deeignD.ted by e r;n(} the f3iCh t Ly + . The oondition of
the timbers holding the two spa.ds being the eam •• it was
roD de a. genera.l ru 1 e to me,k e the rear one the s ta. ti on •
Thi'i'Oompi"_:'~S.th" eights tQr the 21 Ee.st. the vernier
p1e, te olAmp we.s' tOGs.~.4i"'fu\d the tele scope swunG around
and a si gh t taken on the g,pproximt),te po :~d tion of Sta..
220. The verni er reo,dine :[..",ve tile C,ZiI~lU th. Wi th thi s
b •• ~~ni· 8,8 a, b8.ais. and wi th the 8,10. of a pocket tra,verse
tabt •• '(.;taft~~(i ,181d Tables. Genera.l La,nd Offioel the
dis ts.nc.;n.o.&.I~rrtQ get, 8. la. ti tu de ofapproxima te,;Li:;,,'3? (11)
iuted. Sto .• 220 V/D.B tllen set ('It this distnl1c.e from Stat
218. ]'rom Ste,. 220, Stci,. 281 B.nd the sigh t \Vere lined
in on an 'azimuth of 90 degrees.
The 'method of mnking the survey of the S"tul:.t~.n;'tt!i.8
WD.S pr1~;.cticD.ll./ t:le 8DJ.le os in the J:18.in entry. The line
we.s c;),rricu. .l: .. only 011e of R, !lair ot entries. the other " \
en try bein:~ located by linea th%!ough a.ll oro$s-oyers B.nd.
open oroes-au te. In m..oa.auring:'b'etween' $t~.tio"t'ls~: :"t·h.,
plu"s distances of the rooms a.s. well [lS the croas-,cuts
ha.d to be noted. The 1st a.nd 2nd South. and the~·,d ·~n¢
:4th South en.;;'t.rfeB he.v1ng been atoppe<1 1 twas notl1eQ"'~
~Dry to set sights in these. In 8.11 the Q,ther stub" en.
trl e s ai fjh ts were se t. Thi s wa.s done in th e aF.l.me manser
as expl"ir.e A .f"~~ :th:e2'1"t an. 22ndEe.st atrie:'3.
,rhEl:;;:~rde.nd 4th stubs presented ':a
al'tuation whi ch i f3 no t untJommo'ft':fo,r "one t,Q encounter in rl1B.king e. survey of a.
I1tlne whi ch ha.A been neglected in re-, ,
ge.rds to sigh tA for som(:time. On set-
t ing up G.t stat. 34 (Fi·6. 2), e.nd 81 gh t-
ien tow~rd8 the f~ce it WD.A seen that
o degrees from this st~tion. Sta. 35
was set near the face in the center of
the entry. and a. sight to.ken on i t·~ .. nd
.. (12)
the d i 8 t an c e 1'.1 e a SU, red. S t G. 4~2 VI c. ;.; the n set in th e c en,.
ter of the 0 ther en tr.,>,. a.nd the tra.ver se extended to it,
Hs.vil1,i set up tile instruJ':ent B.t Sta~ .• 2. on sighting t()~
wa.rda the faoe. it was a.ga.in 8eent.n"i'~< sights oould not",
be set. so Sta.. 43 wa.a set. sighted on. flnd mea.sQ.redto.
With the Hid of the tra.verBe to.ble the tr~;verse 35-34-
4~Z-43 we.s fiG'Ured for deprJ,rtures. and the differenoe in
t.o ta.l departure between Sta.. 35 B.nd Stf3.. 43 found to be
50 ft. This being 11 ft. too much. 1 twas neoeaae.ry
the.t eights be Bet which would bring the 'entries togeth
er. From Ste .• 43, e. sight wa.e lined in on e.n s.zimuth of
o degr~~en. ]'ro~1 ste}. 35, sights were lined in on Cln a.z-
imuth of 5 degrees. For an angle of 5 degrees and a de-
porture of 11 ft. the distance is 127 ft. An order was
g1 yen the m1ne flFl.n:",;;er to stop the 3rd North entry s.t 130
:ft. froln Sta. 35 until the sights were changed.
After the traverse work in the entries w;;.)~ completed.
";n,',~r\IOlma were mes,sured. the di st:)t1ce to the center of
ee,oh:"';crO'Ba-cu t belng no ted.
In kee-ping thenotes the system used VH1S chosen l)e
ca.use of its airnp11city 8.nd COTl1pe.ctness. On the left
tJe.nd. pa,ge we ha.ve the troverf;e. Dnd on the right hand
pa.ge the sketch showing the loca.tion of the ete.tiona,
the cross-cuts. and the rooms. All places stopped are
shown by s' line dre.wn a.crose e.t 'bmrf-e.ce, while the work-
(13)
ing place. ere left open for further extention. The
left hend page aleo shows the dist~nce of each station
from themou th of the entry in the entry in which the
ma.in tra.verse i e ca.rried. Two co1umnse.re left ble.nk.
The se, if the work of extending the survey a.nd setting
8i ghts is to l)e continued s.fter the survey. cnn be noed
for tote.l lnt1tudes s,nd departures of the ste.tions. Hc.v
ins the se le,ti tuclea e.l1d depa.rtl1res in the note book som.e
times se.vea a lot of time B,nd trou"ble in the way of fl~;
trip to the oftioe and baok a.gain.
The Fly ster.1 of number! ng the stD. ti ons w().s to u ae the
number of the entry with conf3ecut1ve numbers from 0 to
9. For inst.s,noe 8.11 ete.tiona in the 21st East would ·be
given numbers from 21()to~e19,~ .• e.nd .. inth. i&,th North :fro~
40 to 49.
lL4 )
PART II
0)1'];' I OJ.!! WORK.
The l.1e,p.
The first thing considered in Lioking the ma.p W8,S
the size of the puper. Thi a Wf).H fieured on the bt~,eia ot
o flce.le of 200 feet to the inoh. whioh is the common
sen,le u sed in rn6ne mill' Vlork. A good W9.;,r to do thi sis
to ~ketch the bounda,ry on.a. :;>1 •. 00 of sor's.p pa.:p.r~ B.nd
figure the diff.renot in la.ti tude or depe.rtureb.'t;wttt1
the two extremes in each direction. Reduce the:·:;e:,dJ; .••
t9.noost"o inohes by di v1dlngby':tWo hundred. s,ndmak .• ':
nott of the d1 strlnces on the sketch. Allow,twO or three
1fl'Ohes c(lditiorlc).l for eaoh side nnd cutth,6'pEl,per to
tbia eize. now figure fran the tota.l coord1ne,te 'of the
extreme point and the distance decided on for margin
hO~ll fBr from. the edge the first coordine,te line will
come. To this dl eta.nee add some raul tiple of five inche B
enough to iitrig :.tl1;ei, TJoint nea.r the ,')enter of the pa.per.
Thr~uil·l,t,b.1s ,pGl.,nt a.nd a.8 ne;J,r pD,r';~111el to the edGe
soal.d fftom8;s' j)'oj)!l.''bte dra.w D. line across the paper ..
N.xt'figure the ooord1ns',teline from ell ad~'8Cel1 t edg,e . in'
~i5)
the S9l":1e mnnner. 8n(';, ext0n(~ to the eenter of ' the :paper
along the line drawn. At this paint errect a perpendi
cular to this line by some geome,trio, metl1od.'From theee
lines dra.w lines at intervals of five inches, ink them
with 8 fine line, nnd nt the edge of the pa,perletter
the di strlnce they represen t. 'fhe po.per 1 s now prepared
for starting the map. In all the following work a scale
of forty parte to the1nch WB.S U ned. th1 s ma,king each
ama.ll dl vis! on equal to f1 ve fee t.
First the boundD.ry [lnc1 property linen v!ere drnwn.
the corner;:; be ins p le\ t te d by thei r coordinr te s. 1'he
townFihip line \i". c· . .( .) n1D.de a hee.vy brolren line to di stin-
~-::ni sh it fron tr~e other lines. The roads were shown by
':"i:1e l.)roken lines. The names of the property owners
v:ere prin ted ner!r the center of their property. The co-
ordinates of, the cornero and the bearings of the lines
were put "on the ms.p for convenience 8.S a,.qu1ok~.ference.
,~hj,e completing the surfa.c. lines. e,ll the under
ground $,titSiefU5.re.then: platted. a. sms.il circle dre.wn
a.round th.m.e;n<1·gQ~'~ted by S, fine b'roken·l ine .!hi,s
,we.a first done \vi th pencil G.nd then inked wi th colored
;:~nk. ~h. number of the st8tion vn's noted nenr it.
l~.xt the ~~;.s.Qu. tn £1.nd room ne'cks were aCB.led anq.
the entries sketched D.ccordinc to the 1:1ec':3urer!lent given
in the fi e;td notes. The rooms were thel! ,)cded. and f~-
(16 )
nolly everything inked. Numbering the rooms Dnd th. ert-
tries cO~1pletec the clothba.ck ms.p.
The TrB cing.
A pieee of trocinc cloth waR c~ut a.buut thes1ze of
the cloth ·.)~'e}: mn}). Dl1C: tD.8kec' dovln over it. With pen
and ink everything on the map W28 traced on tracing
cloth e;~cept the ate.tiona. the coordino.tef:l of the corners.
and the beerings of the boundary lines. Wi th :'J pencil,
8. line WG.S tre.ced of the trD.verse in tile ~~[Jirl Earth B.nd
the 21st Ee.f~t entries. The tre.ding we.a then removed D.nd
·ple.cec over e.n old ms.p in order that the s.ba.ndonecl s,nd
enucceBsible workings could be c.dded. These had to be
:l:'i tted in the best WfJY possible, using the penciled tre,.
verse line end the places that had holed throll 1 to the
old 'workings 8.S 8 gui cle. ArroY/f-; showing the .course the .
01 r tra.vell eo YJere th en I)U t on the tro.cing. On this tre.o-
t_~;::$A:'Y were T)tl t on wi th ink to mDJ~e them perm8nent l
but 1·n_-'i:ng e, t·r.a.cins; the.t is to be extclioec": ye,;r s.f
ter yeer 1 t'ls well to put these e.rrOWSQl1 VJi th e. Boft
lead pencil. os the course of the nir may bj 6hanged,
and in such e. OS.Be the e.rrows could eD.8ily be' e:.-o.:'icc. c.Y'.d
oha.nce d to carr e Flpond.
Only the ·tl.,.tl ..••.. :,a.nd,:.tb. ,a.rrow showin'3 the north point
were D.l1 the.t were now left to drFJw ... ,:ciri the trD.cing. uot
(17)
too much CD.re 08.n be te.~el'l in the nw.king of e. neat title.,
The ti tle was fir Bt cir8,wn on coordin,),te p~;per I the COOl'
dinFl,te line ~:: serving D,n [:.;11 8,id in lJlockinc ou t the let
ter s. Then 1 t We; s tr()'ced on to t~'Le tre.cing~'-On the
a.da! t10n of the o.rrow, the tra,cin(; wos complete.
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PART IV
TRA Vj!!R ~3E SIIJllii:Tf3.
(Gurder~' s Tr[I,Ver ::c r~'(}'i; le;J U Bed in
ctllculD.tins lsti tudes and dep8.rtures).
Sheet No. Mine .:3
TRAVERSE SHEET Entry SUKF/1CE_ .. - -_."- ---.--",""",---.-.-~......-.---.---- ... ,----.-~. ~~----- ~.--~--'- ._--
TOTAL LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE ~=-============~============~==================================~
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South East
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TRAVERSE SHEET EDtry SlidEr .PLLlIt8ldG - TCJF
LATITUDE DEPARTU TOTAL LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE STA. AZJ UTH REA G DSTACE
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TRA VERSE SHEET Entry frio;/') /fDr th.
BEARING Soath Eaat Nortla South
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TRA VERSE SHEET Entry Z / 61-E 4.5 -,1-.
LATITUDE DEPAlLTURE TOTAL LA. TITUDE AND DEPARTURE STA. AZI UTH BEARI G DISTANCE W_1
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BIBLIOGHAPHY.
Conl },1iner' a Pocketbook.
The 008,1 flnd 1jte tal Miners Pocket Book. I. C. S.
M1ninB .B:ng,ineers Han~book, By RobiJrt Peele.
IIe.nd book for Surve:lorB. By lKerrima,n H,nd 13D»Gka.
Am.erioan Civil Engineer's Pocket J30ok. By Merrima.n.
Tneory [~l1d Pro ctice of Surve~ying. By J ohnaon s"nd Smi ttl.
~.!1ne SUrveyinG. Dy E. B. Durham.
Plane Surveying, ByP. c. Nugent.
A Text-book of Pla.ll~ Surveying. By W. G. Ra.ymond.
Field a.ndColliery Surveying. By F. A. O'Donohue.
The .ll:lelihantpl of Gurveying Cind Geode::3Y, TIy W. 0. I'opple
well.
INDEX •
. A ba,ndoned a.nd Ine,ccesai r)le Workings --------------- 17
Air, Course of ------------------------------------ 17 Bounde.ry t
Field Notes ---------------------------------- 19,20
K:app ing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16
Survey of -------------~--------------------~-~ 8
Coordinote Line. ---------------------------------- 16
l!:ntries.
Mapping --------------------------------------- 16
Pillar between -------------------------------- 10
Sigh t s to chD,nt~i1 --------------- ---- ------- 12
Survey of ------------------------------ .. ---- ....... 10
~i('. th ........ ' .... - ..... - ... ------ _ ......... ----- ... ------ - ...... - ...... ----- .. 10
Field Notes (See Notes ).
LotitudeR one! Deportures (See Tra.verse Sheets).
Laws.
Aba.ndoned Mines -------- -- --- - -- - -- - ---- ------- 5
Copies tor Inspectors and Recorders ----------- 3
D1 p - .. - - - .. - - - .. - - - - - - - - - ~ ... ~' ......... - ....... - - - ...... ' .' ... ' -. - .......... - - - 3
Elevations --~--------------------------------- 2
Ext.nei on of 14a.p ---------- ------- ------------- 4
'Ma.p for every Seem ---------------------------- 2
Pena.l tie s for Fs,1·1ure ----------------------- -- 6
La.wa.
lIB,P.
Profile --------------------------------------_ 3
q t"\ " ~ 1.:' 0 f "j'.'" .. ' n,n, ~w· - v~ ---------------------------------- 1
(~n '" ... i '"' , (,'u r ~I 0 . r ~"".t .... ',... CI.!. ... J . \ .. oJ -----~~-~---~--~-----~---~~~--~~ 5
Surface. SQP~J.l"Lte 11hps for -------------------- 3
3urfnc~ Survey -------------------------------- 1
Title, COlt1position of ------------------------- 1
Underground SurvQY ---- - ---------- -- ----- -- ---- 2
Scale used ------------------------------------·15
Size of Paper --------------------------------- 15
notes.
Method of keeping ----------------------------- 13
Surfe.ce Survey - lTorth BoundD.ry --------------- 19
Surf$,ce Surv\3Y - EO.At J~ounde.ry ---------------- 20
She.ft PlumbinG - Top -------------------------- 21
3htl ft Plumtinc - Bottom ----------------------- 22
Main liorth ------------------------------------ 23
21st e.nd 22nd Eo,at -_.------------------------- 24
let e.nd 2nd North "--~---------~--~----------~~ 25
1st a.nd 2nd South ---~-------~-----------------26
3rd vnd 4th Horth -----~----~--~~-~----~------- 27
3rd o.nd 4th South -~--~--~--~-----------~--~--- 28
5th f),nn 6th l~orth ---~------~-.----------~-~--- 29
5th find 6th South -~--------------~-------~---- 30
Plumbing Sh2ft t
Calculetions (See Traverse Sheets)
llethod of ------------------------------------ 8
NoteA ------------------------------------- 21.22
Size of Wire .. uAed ---------------------------- 8
Weights used --------------------------------- 8
Rooma.
D i 8 t [l,n c e b'i t VI Q en· - - - - - •• - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
Mapping -.---------.--.----------------------- 16
!1QQsuring ------------------------------------ 13
Wid,th ----- .. - .. -- -- -- -- - - ~ .. - .. - - - ---- ..... __ ........ _ ... - --- 10
Width of Neck --.----------------------------- 10
8cal~ of Map ------------------------------------- 15
(Alao OQil La.ws)
Sta,ti on s.
Method of setting -.----.----------.-.-------- 10
Numbering ------------------------------------ 14
Platting ------------------------------------- 16
Surfn.ce Survey -- -- -- - - - - -- -- - - - -- - - - - - -- -- ------- 8
(Also see Laws)
Thickness of Seam -------------------------------- 9
Timbering,
Method of --------------------"---------------- 9
Size of timbern ------------------------------ 9
Title (Also see Laws) ---------------------------- 17