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Slide: 1 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
A Light for Science
Slide: 2 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Science with Photons:lightsources
and illustrative examples
W.G. Stirling, ESRF/CEA-G
Why build light sources?
Light sources around the world
Some science
DESY and ESRF
Slide: 3 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Why build light sources?
Because they are VERY useful!
Slide: 4 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Synchrotron Light Science
Fe hcp: 22 and 112 GPaA B
C
cluster
Advanced (nano)materials, palaeontology, cultural heritage …
Biology/life sciences Medicine Engineering
Materials Planetary sciences
Chemistry Physics
Slide: 5 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
SR Sources Worldwide
• Large number (> 50) SR sources worldwide
• Storage Ring sources, and now Free Electron Laser (FEL) sources
Slide: 6 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
SR Sources Worldwide
• New European sources: SLS, SOLEIL, Diamond, Alba, PETRA III …
• New sources in Australia, Singapore, Canada, Taiwan, Middle East,…
• The Big Rings ESRF, Grenoble (6 GeV) APS, Chicago (7 GeV) SPring-8, Hyogo (8 GeV) PETRA III, Hamburg (6 GeV)
Slide: 7 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
The Big Rings ESRF
• European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble
• User operation: 1994
• 6 GeV storage ring
• 844 m circumference
• ~ 45 operating beamlines
Slide: 8 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
The Big Rings APS
• Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, USA
• User operation: 1996
• 7 GeV storage ring
• 1104 m circumference
• > 60 operating beamlines
Slide: 9 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
The Big Rings SPring-8
• Super Photon ring-8, Hyogo, Japan
• User operation: 1997
• 8 GeV storage ring
• 1436 m circumference
• > 60 operating beamlines
Slide: 10 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
The Big Rings PETRA III
• PETRA III, DESY, Hamburg
• User operation: 2009
• 6 GeV storage ring
• 2300 m circumference
• 14 beamlines planned (30 stations)
Slide: 11 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
• From X-ray tubes
• Parasitic use of SR from particle accelerators (“1st generation”)
• Custom-built SR sources using bending magnet radiation (“2nd generation”)
• Insertion-device-based SR sources (“3rd generation”)
• X-ray FELs (2010 - ?)
• Faster than Moore’s Law ?
Increase of X-ray intensity with time
Slide: 12 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Comparisons of XFEL brilliances with current sources
FLASH FEL (DESY)
European XFEL (DESY)
Huge increases in brilliance
Very short pulses
FLASH: ~10 - 50 fsec
XFEL: < 100 fsec
New science; overlaps with both current SR sources and high-power lasers
FLASH and XFEL (DESY, Hamburg)
Slide: 13 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
The XFEL (DESY, Hamburg)
Facility length ~ 3.4 km
Tunnel length ~ 2.1km
Tunnel depth ~ 6 – 38 m
User operation: 2015
Slide: 14 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Some science with photons
Examples from Imaging with X-rays Of increasing importance in nano-science,
nano-materials, nano-technology, nano-bio, …
Slide: 15 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
X-ray imaging: the first steps
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845-1923)Nobel Prize for Physics, 1901
The first "röntgenogram" 8 November 1895
Slide: 16 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Life, a hundred million years ago
Slide: 17 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Insects trapped in (opaque) amber
X-ray imaging → interior of the amber → fossilised insects
Opaque amber so impossible with (visible light) microscopy
Amber (from the Charentes): Cretaceous (~100 million years)
Wasps, flies, ants … (~0.5 – 5 mm)
Université de Rennes, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, ESRF (Lak, Tafforeau et al)
Slide: 18 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
“… the first time that we can study fossils inside amber.”
Lak et al, Microscopy and Microanalysis, to be published
Insects trapped in (opaque) amber
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Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
A feather in amber
Bird or dinosaur? Intermediate form – but capable of flight Perrichot et al, Proc Roy Soc B275, 1197, 2008
Slide: 20 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
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Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
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Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Egg, Thailand;
Cretaceous, ~ 100 million years
Courtesy of P. Tafforeau, V. Fernandez (ESRF),
E. Buffetaut (CNRS)
Fossil egg: dinosaur or bird or …?
Archaeopteryx
Slide: 23 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Fossil egg: dinosaur or bird or …?
Courtesy of P. Tafforeau, V. Fernandez (ESRF),
E. Buffetaut (CNRS)
Slide: 24 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Fossil egg: dinosaur or bird or …?
Courtesy of P. Tafforeau, V. Fernandez (ESRF),
E. Buffetaut (CNRS)
Slide: 25 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Fossil egg: dinosaur or bird or …?
Courtesy of P. Tafforeau, V. Fernandez (ESRF),
E. Buffetaut (CNRS)
Slide: 26 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
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Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
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Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Very high resolution imaging – 100nm gold particle
Single Au nanoparticle on Si3N4 membrane
Located by fluorescence mapping
TU Dresden, ESRF, DESY
ID13, 15.25 keV Crossed refractive nanofocusing lenses
focal spot ~ 100 x 100 nm2
Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging (CXDI)
Focused hard X-ray beam
Sample on membrane
Diffraction image FreloN camera
Beamstop
Schroer et al, PRL 101, 090801, 2008
Slide: 29 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
CXDI: object illuminated with coherent beam
Far-field diffraction image – no optics
Reconstructions used hybrid input-output method
Spatial resolution ~ 5 nm from 600 sec exposure
Ultimate resolution possible < 1 nm ?
Schroer et al, PRL 101, 090801, 2008
Very high resolution imaging – 100nm gold particle
Slide: 30 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Barty et al, Nature Photonics 2, 415, 2008
FLASH soft X-ray FEL Ultrafast X-ray science Single-shot dynamic coherent
diffraction imaging 10 fs pulses, 13.5 nm Nanofabricated (etched) test
sample; laser pulse ablation
Ex of single-shot diffraction pattern
40ps after laser pulse
FLASH (DESY, Hamburg)
Slide: 31 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Barty et al, Nature Photonics 2, 415, 2008
Evolution of sample via diffraction images
a: -5 ps, just before laser pulse
b:10 ps
c: 15 ps
d: 20 ps
e: 40 ps
f: 140 ps
a
c
e
b
d
f
FLASH (DESY, Hamburg)
Slide: 32 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Evolution of nonofabricated test object
Images reconstructed using iterative phase retrieval techniques
a: SEM image b: -5ps c: 10ps (little change) d: 15ps (begins to disintegrate) Opening new windows on fast
dynamics in condensed matter, biological systems …
a
c
b
d
Spatial resolution ~ 50 nm, temporal resolution ~ 10 ps
FLASH (DESY, Hamburg)
Barty et al, Nature Photonics 2, 415, 2008
Slide: 33 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Collaboration between DESY and ESRF
DESY has made many, many contributions to the ESRF: As Member of ESRF, designated by German Government As valuable source of scientific and technical advice
during preparation, construction, commissioning and operational phases (e.g. DESY-ESRF Directorate meetings)
As “supplier” of: Directors, scientists, engineers … Committee members: Council, SAC, AFC, BL reviews,
BT reviews … … … …
Recently, important collaboration on ID06 beamline
Slide: 34 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Collaboration between DESY and ESRF:the ID06 instrumentation development beamline
Slide: 35 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
OH
EH1EH2
Source: CPMUWhite beam test station
Detector test bench
Oxford mono (PETRA III)
Pulsed magnetic fields
Cinel mono (ESRF)
Microoptics test bench
Large Volume Press
The ID06 instrumentation development beamline
Slide: 36 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
White beam test station:- Diamond higher power attenuators- Calorimeter- Optical table for variable installations
Oxford monochromator(PETRA III)
Cinel monochromator(ESRF)
Slot for future development- CRL for vertical focusing- Phase plate
The ID06 instrumentation development beamline
Slide: 37 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Development of high-heatload components
Calorimeter for characterisation of beam
Diamond high power attenuators
Monochromator PETRA III (H.C. Wille): Oxford Danfysik ESRF (C. Detlefs, P. Marion): Cinel
White beam position monitors
Residual gas based: PETRA III (P. Ilinsky) and ESRF (Th. Martin)
Diamond based: PETRA III (M. Degenhardt) and ESRF (Th. Martin)
The ID06 instrumentation development beamline
The white-beam test station
Slide: 38 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Photon science is alive and well, with new sources and upgrade/renewal programmes at: DESY (PETRA III, FLASH, XFEL)
ESRF: the Upgrade Programme
APS: renewal project
SPring-8: XFEL, renewal projects
SLAC: LCLS
… … …
Slide: 39 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Thank you, Albrecht, for your many contributions to European, and World, science.
Very best wishes from everyone at the ESRF. We very much
appreciate your support and collaboration.
Slide: 40 A. WAGNER 3 April 2009 W.G. Stirling
Farewell Colloquium for Albrecht Wagner
Many thanks to Paul Tafforeau and Carsten Detlefs for their help in preparing
this talk.