Post on 12-Jan-2016
transcript
A Low Cost Bidirectional Human-Computer Interface
Authors: Alexey Borisenko, Lukash Monczak, Ikvir S Samra, Ovidiu Draghici, Daniel Shapiro, Voicu Groza
Overview
Objectives Motivation Neuroplasticity HCI state-of-art Approach Results Conclusion & Future
work
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CARG 2010
Objectives
• Non-invasive bidirectional human-computer interface
• Low-cost (< $20)• Faster training time
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CARG 2010
Motivation
• HCI devices used by hospitals to alleviate suffering of patients that have lost vision, balance, or mobility.
• HCI devices very expensive• Neuroplasticity
CARG 2010
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mclasen.com
Neuroplasticity
Property of the brain to reorganize itself• Phantom limbs• Treatment of brain damage• Treatment of learning difficulties
CARG 2010
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brainline.org
HCI State-of-art
• Brainport [Danilov05]
• BCI 2000 [Schalk08]
• BCCI[Walter09]
• Oral Tactile Interface[Tang06]
periodistadigital.com
gtec.at
met.usc.edu
CARG 2010
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Designed Prototype (BHCI):
Approach taken
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CARG 2010
Human FPGA TDU
Pushbuttons
VGA Serial Data
Balance Data*
*Wicab has applied for provisional patents for the use of balance data for TDUs.
Tongue Display Unit (TDU)
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CARG 2010
• A TDU actuates signals onto the tongue using an electrode array
• Data is received by the brain and interpreted
• Signals such as balance [Danilov05] and tactile information [Tang06] are observed
Advantages
• Low cost• Simple architecture• Flexible software
CARG 2010
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Safety Issues and Considerations
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Murphy and His Law•We naturally assume that any system plugged into the wall should not be connected to a person.No Human Testing, Not Yet•For now we are doing testing with a digital oscilloscope and a multimeter.Wireless is the Future•[Danilov05] and [Tang06], started with wired designs and left wireless as future work.
CARG 2010
Computer-Human Interface
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Sensory Perception•What humans feel
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Current (mA) 1 second Feeling *
1 Tingling
5 Maximum harmless current
10-20 Muscular contraction (pain, unsafe)
100-300 Ventricular Fibrillation (can kill)
6000 Defibrillation (respiratory paralysis and burns if sustained)
*http://www.highvoltageconnection.com/articles/ElectricShockQuestions.htm
Computer-Human Interface
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Actuating Signals Onto the Tongue•12th cranial nerve [Lin09].•Resistance of tongue [Faes99].•Approaches to signal actuation:
• Capacitive conductor (grayscale)• Time multiplexing (row, column) • Roof of the mouth [Tang06]• Surface of tongue (BHCI, Brainport)
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Results
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Low Cost and Proper Operation
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The design does not go near the current limit and was designed with very low cost components. *
http://www.youtube.com/user/uottawaBHCI#p/a/u/0/Sm0DINKrUHg
Conclusion & Future workCARG 2010
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• Human testing may follow, eventually.• Open collector ICs are required to fix fluctuating
output voltage.• An upgrade to wireless is needed to approval for
human testing.• Cleaning protocol• Plastic sealant
A low cost HCI was designed, implemented, and tested in the lab.
References• [Danilov05] Y. Danilov and M. Tyler, “Brainport: an alternative input to the brain.”Journal of integrative neuroscience, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 537, 2005.• [Tang06] H. Tang and D. Beebe, “An oral tactile interface for blind navigation,”Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 14, no. 1, pp.
116 –123, march 2006.• [Lin09] H. Lin, P. Barkhaus, “Cranial Nerve XII: The Hypoglossal Nerve”, Seminars in
Neurology, vol. 29, no. 1, p.45-52.• [Faes99] T. J. C. Faes, H. A. van der Meij, J. C. de Munck, and R. M.Heethaar, “The electric resistivity of human tissues (100 hz-10 mhz): a meta-analysis
of review studies,” Physiological Measurement, vol. 20, no. 4, p. R1, 1999.• [Borisenko10] A.Borisenko, L. Monczak, I. S. Samra, O. Draghici, D. Shapiro, V.
Groza, “A Low Cost Bidirectional Human-Computer Interface,” Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA), Apr. 2010.