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to
of Up
Mrs. S.T. Blackwood
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A MANUAl>-Or MARKS
POTTERY AND PORCELAIN
A DICTIONARY OF EASY REFERENCE
BY
W. H. HOOPER AND W. C. PHILLIPS
Uontion
MACMILLAN AND CO.AND NEW YORK
1894
All Rights Reserved
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First Edition, 1876; Second Edition, 1877; Reprinted iZ-]^, 1886;
with corrections and additions, 1894.
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P K E F A C E.
THIS edition has been carefully revised and enlargedby the addition of many new marks.
When first issued none of the marks of Japan had
been published. At that time information was difficultto obtain, and much of it has since been found to be un-reliable ; by the kind permission of Sir A. W. Franksa large number of marks are now inserted, which willbe found to include all the factories of importance.
Being only intended for a pocket-volume, unimportantfactories and unknown marks are left out. For moredetailed information, the works of Brongniart, Chaffers,Demmin, Jacquemart (admirably translated by Mrs.
Bury Palliser), Marryat, Robinson and others may beconsulted.
The work is divided into four parts ; in the first, theMarks are classed under descriptive heads, as Anchor,Animal, etc. ; in the second Majolica the factories of
Italy are arranged alphabetically; in the third, otherfactories of Europe on the same plan ; and in the fourth,the Oriental Marks are arranged by the number ofcharacters inscribed.
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IV PREFACE.
The Marks on Pottery and Porcelain are of threekinds factory, workman, and pattern mark. The firstis usually placed in a prominent position, sometimesaccompanied by the mark of the maker or decorator.Sevres Porcelain, for instance, often having four or fiveworkmen's marks, besides that of the factory. The
pattern mark is usually a number ; this is seldom given,being useless without a description of the patternitself.
The Marks, when pencilled or incised, vary very con-siderably ; a different hand, a full brush, or a flaw inthe material, all tend to make them unrecognizable ;even when printed they are often blurred by the actionof the fire or running of the enamel, and when im-
pressed, a shrinking of the wet clay will change orobliterate them.
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Z2STZDE1Z.
AnchorAnimalArrowAxe ..
BeaconBell . .Bird ..Bow ..Butterfly
CadnceiisCircle . .Claw ..CrescentCross ..Crown
Dome . .Dot ..
Ermine
Fish .
Bassano
Caffagiolo . .Castel DurantoCastelli
Diruta
FaenzaFlorenceForli ..
Genoa..
MARKS.
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INDEX.
FACTORIES.r
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INDEX. Vll
PAGE
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CONTRACTIONS.
The quality of the Ware is described in the first column,
and the mode of marking in the second, as follows :
. . . Incised.
. . . Impressed.
... Pencilled.
... Printed.
... Stencilled.
The third column contains the dates.
maj. ...
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Pottery and Porcelain Marks.
ANCHOR
CHELSEA p imp
P goldor red
iT
POPPLES DORF pot imp 176-
SCEAUX PEXTIIIEVRE s p p blue 175-B
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Pottery and Porcelain
L
4-4-
SCEAU.X PKNTHIEVRK
VENICE
Tliis mark variesvery much
COLOGNE
BowThe form and position of
the swora vary.
COALRROOK DALE
DERBY CHELSEA
pot p blue ITS-
h p p red 1765
maj. p color 17
pot p blue 1 7
a p p red 173
hp p
blue 18
p p goK 1770or red
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Marks.
CM
Rf
j VENICE ...'
...
Giovanni Marconi
WORCESTER
Richard Holdthip, decorator
He also ivcrked for Derby
LoNGPORT
ISTONE CHIN
CALDAS
ORTUGAJ.
Thus read fromimperfect impression
of name
CALDAS
Imitation of Palissy Ware
MlDDLESBOROUGH
20, Pattern mark
s
p p gold17-
or color
p color 175-
pot imp 1793
pr blue 1805
pot imp 18
pot imp
pot pr bluo
imp
20
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Pottery and Porcelain.
SWINTON
ANIMAL.
The Rockingham Crest.
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Marks.
ARROW.
Bow
(?) PLYMOUTH
CAUGHLEY
LEEDS ...Also with name Hartleij, Green fy Co.
PARIS ...I)e la Courtille (sometimes called
Torches)
B p p blue 173-
h P
bp p
blue 17 -
pot imp 177-
li p p blue 1773
AXE.
BADEN BADENTftctow Sperl.
h p p gold
or color 1753
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Pottery and Porcelain
tffcBADEN BADEN
Widow Sperl
DELFT
De Byl (The Axe)
Justus Brouwei
r
BEACON.
GENOA
h p p gold 1753
or color
pot p blue I.7C4
BELL.
DELFT
De drei Kloklcen. (The 3 bells)
W. Van dcr Docs
This mark varies so much that itis called Leaf and Arrowhead
pot p bine 1764
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Marks,
BIRD.
AMSTERDAM
Hartog and Brandeis.pet p color 1780
ANSPACH h p p blup 1718
Sometimes used without the letter
,
>
SKVRES
1st Empire.
Napoleor.III.
Emperor
LlVEUPOOL
A Liver, the Arms of the Town.Case, Mort fy Co.
h p p red 1810
sten &imp
h p pr color 1852
pot p color 1833
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Pottery and Porcelain
HAGUE (The)The Arms of.
BOW.
Bow
BUTTERFLY.
CHINESE On old Nankin
I CADUCEUS.DRESDEN
This mark varies very much.
WORCESTERIn imitation of Dresden
h p y blua 177-
s p p blue 173-
h p p blue
hp pblue 1712
s p p blue 1753
CIRCULAR MARKS.
FAENZA ... maj. p blue 15And other varieties, and alsowithout the circle
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Marks.
HOCHST hp p gold 1720Tlie arms of the
Archbishopof or color
Maycnce.
Dahl
T\I
DAMM Aschaferiberg
DELFT
TFortuyn FortuneP. Van der Breil
pot p color 1794&hp
h p p bine 17
pot p oiuo 1G91
Martinus Gouda pot 1675
FLORENCE
)The arms of the Medici.
(B) Francis II. A very rare mark.w
Orazio Fontana Urbino fecit.
s p p color 15
niaj. p color 15
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10 Pottery and Porcelain
DERBY
COLOGNE ...
MONTPELLIER
Lc Vouland.
SHELTON
1BERLIN
Royal Factory
h p pr color 1815
pot 1G-
pot imp 18
pot pr color 1820
h p pr 1850
SEVRES ... ... h p pr color 1830
The marie ivas used with theyear
date from 1830.
Louis Philippi1834
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Marks.
i .CHATEAU,
51 1
SEVRES
Republic
BURSLEM
Wedgwood 8c Bentlcy
CLAW.
DELFT
De Klaauw (The Claw)Lambertus Sanderus.
h p pr color 1834
h p p red 1848
pot & imp 1768
hp
pot pbhu, 1764
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12 Pottiry and Porcelain
CRESCENT.
SALOPIAN.
CAUGHLEY
And without name.h p. p blue 1750
WORCESTER s p p blue 1751or
gold
URBINO ... maj. p blue 1591
Also with the initials E. F. B.
NAPLES
WORCESTER
mnj. p blue 17
h p p blue 1783
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Mark*
Cot p biue
pot p blue
hp ,,176-
h p p color 1744
pot p blue . 17
h p p blue 1787
hp p red 1773
n p 1781
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Pottery and Porcelain
*C*
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Marks. 33
g
14*
E BS
5F
ST. PETERSBURG ...
P. Kornilo/e
MARIEBERG
Ehrenreich, director
DELFTT' jongue Moriaans Hofft
(The young Moors head.)
BRISTOL
(Imitation Oriental.)
FLORENCE
(A late mark on Fine Pottery.)
li p p blue 1762
pot p color 1759
&sp
pot p 1764.
hp p color 1773
maj M 17
FAENZA ... ... maj
(Many varieties of the letter
are found.)
14
FURSTENBERG hp pblue 1750
F is also found on Bow ware
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blui
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34 Pottery and Porcelain
URBINO. F^ Xanto ... maj. p color 15
F.DV
FI
FP
FR
MOUSTIERS. Feraud
NAPLES ...Fab. del Vecchio, Napoli
FLORENCE. For Firenze
UREINO. F c . Patanazxi
NEVERS
PERKENHAMMER. FischerReichembach
GUBBIO
CAFJTAGIOLO. G is found onBow ware
pot p color 178-
maj. imp
&hp 17-
maj. p
ma. p
17-
1G08
pot p color 3730
maj.
1802
1536
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Marks. 35
6iK
1179
OVJ1
MHHB
NAPLES. Giustiniani
GERA ...
GOTHA ..
DELFT
maj. imp & 17 :
p color
h p p blue 1780
175-
pot p red
p 17-
, , T'oude Moriaans Hojft.
(The old Moor's head) pot p blue 1764
Geertruy Verstelle.
STBASBOUKG. Hannong ... hp 1752& pot
PARIS. Hannong ... p color 1773
NEVEKS. Henri Borne ... pot p color 168-
DELFT. Jacobus Haider Adriens
p color 176S
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Pottery and Porcelain
H.F7CS-7
HVMD
//a 2-
NAPLES
DELFT ...
NUREMBERGHaws Kraut Villingen
DELFT ..,Hendrick Van Hoorn
DELFP ...
THart (The Hart)Hendrick van Middeldijk
LISBON ,
DELFT ...
(?) Jacobus de Milde
DELFT ...
maj. p 17
pot p ted
pot p blue 15
pot p blue 1764
pot p blue
pot imp 13
pot p blu6 1764
pot p bine
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Marks. 37
I.P
ITD7
JJ?
DELFT ...
JanKuylich
(?) PESARO. (?) In Pesaro .
DELFT ...
De Griekse A (The Alpha)JT. T. Dikstraat or Dextra.
DELFT ...
DELFT ...
PARIS ...
Jacob Petit
LIMOGES
J. Pouyat
VOISONLIEU
Jean Zeigler
DELFT ...
(?) Jan Kuylich
pot p blue 1680
maj p
pot p blue 1761
h p p blue 1790
pot p red 18
pot st color 1831
& imp
pot p blue
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Pottery and Porcelain
IIH.HCVJ/
mVKVK
LC
DELFT ...
Jan Kuylich
KIEL ...
Buchwald, director
A. Leihamer, decorator
DRESDEN
pot pbluo 1GSO
pgold 177-
or color
hp p blue 17
DELYT ...
LIMBACH
MONTELUPOGiven by Jacquemart, Wolfs
Brush
BRUSSELS
L. GretU
DELFT ...De Lampetkan (The Pitcher)Widow G. Brouwer
J> T
.. pot 17-
h p p red
maj. p
1761
hp p
color 1791
pot p blue 17G4
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4 o Pottery and Porcelain
M.P
MPA\VC
IV
KL
N
op
OPORTO
Rocha Soare
pot p gold \1~
or color
DELFT... ... ... pot p blue 1639
De Metaale Pot (The Metal Pot)Lamlertus Cleffius
DELFT ...
NEVERS
BOURG-LA-REINE
LILLE
I Petit
pot
pot p color 15
GUBBIO ... ... maj pVincentio or Cencio son of
Maestro Giorgio
GUBBIO
153-
h p p bme 1773
.,, pot p color 1778
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Marks.
LIVERPOOL
Pennington
PINXTONThese letters are ascribed to
Pinxton, but t7ie wave was
seldom marked
GUBBIO
? Maestro Perestino
DELFT ...
CAFFA.GIOLO
KOTTEN...
NlMES
Plantier, Boncourant $ Co.
ROUEN
DELFT ... ...P v Doornp
pot p gold 1760
& h p or color
& imps p p color 1791
maj
pot p
maj p
15-
15-
pot p color 15
imp 183
pot p color 15
pot p bluo 1761
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Pottery and Porcelain
PVM
K
R-n
DELFT ...P van der Breil
DELFT ...P van Meemm
DELFT ...
MARSEILLES
Robert
pot pblue 1G91
pot pblue 1764
p brown
pot p black 1777
&hp
RKGENSBERG OR RATISBON h p p blue 17
... b p p blue 17
RAUENSTEIN ... ... h p p blue 1760
DELFT ... ... ... pot
COLOGNE. .. r . . v pot p blue 1.6
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Marks. 43
S
S
SX
Ven?
CAUGHLEY
Salopian
SCHLAKENWALD ...
SlNCENT
hp pblue 1750
h p p color 180V.
pot p color 1733
SEVRES on white ware ... hp pr green 1833
The Scratch denotes tJiat
the piece left the factory
undecorated. 18G
ST. CLOUDTrow Director
SCEAUX PENTHIEVRE
VENICR
BERLIN
Wegeley, founder
pot & p blue 173-sp
up inc 1750
maj p color 15
&hp 17-
h p p blue 1751
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44 Pottery and Porcelain
WVB
PLYMOUTH
Probably the usual marie, the
sign Jupiter, carelessly
pencilled
WORCESTER
p p blue 176-
s p p blue 1751
And others in imitation of ,, ,oriental marks
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1764
De Twee Wildemans (The two
Savages) Willem Van Beelc
DELFT ...Widow van der Briel
URBINOF co Xanto
Al
pot p blue 1764
maj p
maj X p blueN red lustre
maj p
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Marks. 45
Z-DEJC
GUBBIO
ZURICH
DELFT ...Dextra zoon
LINES.
ALT HALDENSTEBEN
COPENHAGENThe Sound, the great and
little Belts
ST. PETERSBURG
maj p 15
h p p blue 1759
pot p 1765
h p imp 17
h p p blue 1772
h p p blue 17
MITRE.
WURZBURG h p p blue 17
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Marks. 47
DELFT ...
A Kiellepot p blue 1761
SI l
MoscowA Popoff
APREY ...
h p p color 1830
pot p black 1750
DELFT ... ... pot p blue 1764De twee Scheepjes (The two
Ships) Ant Pennis
Moscow ... ... h p p color 1830A Popoff
DELFT ... ...
Keyser
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Pottery and Porcelain
DELFT ...
Keyser SfPyndker
DRESDEN
pot p col 1680
$6
DRESDENA modern mark
PARIS ...
Reverend
DELFT ...
ANSPACH or Frankenthal
J. A Hannonjr
TOURS...
Victor Avisseau
NEVERS
Jacques Bourdu,
hp p blue 1709
p blue 13& imp
pot p bluo 16
.. ,. 16-
.. hp 17-
..
hp ,.184-
pot p color 1602
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Marks. 49
B.L E
LUXEMBOURG
NlEDERVILLEB
Beyerle founder
pot p color 180G& h p
h p p blue 1760& pot
MARANS ... ... pot p color 1740
Jean Pierre Roussencq
NTON ... ... ... h p p blue 18Pierre Hulhausen decorator
COALBROOK DALB h p p blue 1787
URBINO ... ... maj p 15-
A air.iilar mark is dated 1549.
STOKE-ON-TRENT
SEVRES
Charles
Hp pr color 185-
p p bine 1824
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Marks.
I*
FAOrEBAT
DlRUTA
FLORENCE
NEVERSDenis Lefebvre
DELFT ...
Johannes Mesch
URBINO
TOOLOUSE
Fouque Arnoux $ Co.
LlLLiE ...
F. Boussemart
roaj p 16
maj p 14
pot p color 1636
pot p blue 1680
maj 16
pot p color 1820
pot p color 1729
pot p color 1610
1G90
KREUSSEU
Caspar V^tHans Christophe Vest
PARIS ... ... ... h p p red 1780
Dihl 4- Guerhard, Due d 4n-
gouldine patron
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Pottery and Porcelain
UK
//f
NUREMBERG
George Liebolt
pot p blue 16G7
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1761De drei porceleyno FlescJijes
(The 3 porcelain bottles)
Hugo Brouwer
NUREMBERG
NAPLES
DELFT ...Jan Jan zoon Kuylich
NUREMBERGHans Kraut
pot imp
maj p 17
pot p blue 1680
pot p blue 15
STRASBOURG & FRANKENTHAL pot p blue 17Paul Hannong & h p & inc
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Marks. 53
GUBBIO... ...
maj p16
Hipollito Rombariotti
STRASBOURG & FRANKENTHAL pot p bluo 17
Hannong & h p
FRANKENTHAL & STRASBOURG ,,J. 4* P. Hannong
NEVERS ... ... pot p color 17
Jacques Seignc
NIEDERVILLER ... pot sten 1802Lanfray & h p
LIMBACH (?) ... ... h p p color 176-
. Pffold
|
PARIS ... ... ... h p p color 1773
Gros Caillou
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54 Pottery ana Porcelain
k
53 ?
SEVRES ... ... fl p p blue 1753
The letter indicates Hie dateSee Sevres
Louis XVIII.
MOTJSTIERS Olcry
COLOGNE
HERENDMaurice Fischer
h p p blue 1814
pot p color 17
REGEKSBERG or Eatisbon ... h T> p blue 17
pot p blue 1589
hp pblue 1839
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1639
De Metaale Pot (The Metal
Pot)
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Marks. 55
me*
ML
FAENZA
15*44;
ftw
URBINONicolo d' Urbino
DELFT ...
Q Kleynoven
URH1NOOrazio Fontana
maj p 154
maj p 15
pot pblue 1680
maj p 15-
CLIGNANCOURT ... ... h p st rod 1775
Monogram of the patron Louis
Stanislas Xavier Comte deProvence
DELIT ...
(?) Philip Wouvermanspot p 10-
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Pottery and Porcelain
M
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 16SO
J. PynaJcer, C. Keyser 4- A.
Pynalcer
DELFT ... v . f .De Romeyn (The Roman)
Petrus van Meerum
DELFT ...
P van der Briel
DELFTDe porceleyne Fles (The por-
celain bottle) Pieter van
Doorne
SEVEESR^pullique Franqaise
GUBBIO
(?) Salimbene
pot p blue 1764
pot 1G91
pot p blue 1764
h p color 1792& s p
maj p
j
COALBROOK DALE ... h p P blue 1861
j CaugJiley Swansea 41 Nantganv
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Marks. 57
DELFT ...Samuel Pict Roerdet
DIRUTA
CAFFAGGIOLO
ST. AMANDFauquez
STOKE-ON-TIIENT
Minion
CASTELLI
Sowerio Grue
DELFT...
Suter van der Even
pot p blue 165
maj p 16
maj p 15
pot p 175-
h p p blue 179-
or red
maj p 17
pot p blue 1580
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Pottery and Porcelain
SCHAFFHAUSEN . . .
Tobias Stimmer
FAENZA
pot p color 1560
H
V
maj p 15
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1650
Antoni Ter Humpelin
NEVERSTite Ristori
pot p color 1850
DELFT ... ... pot p blue 1764
Jan van der Kloot Jan Zoon
DELFT
(?) Van der Evenpot pblue 1580
FESARO
(?) Giovanni Vejaso
MARSEILLESI Veuve Perrin
maj p 15
pot p black 1760
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Marks. 59
VI URBINODELFT ...
(?) Wvander DoesI
maj p blue 16
pot p blue 176-4
W- Adams.
Astbury.
R. 4- J.
Baddeley,
Bailey
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6o Pottery and Porcelain
Enoch Booth.
Brameld.
int.
BPATbEFb
KopHHAOBLDO
Chamberlain.
Child.
Christian.
Govlfwt.
TUNSTALL
SWINTON
DELFTVerboom painter
ST. PETERSBURG ...
Korneloffslci Brothers
SWANSEA
LIVERPOOL
WORCESTER
TUNSTALL
LIVERPOOL
COALBROOK DALE
pot imp 1750
b p pr red 1807
& pot
pot p color 1680
h p pr color 1827
h p p color 178-
pot pcolor 1751
h p p color 178-
& imp
pot imp 1763
pot imp 1765
h p p blue 1787
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Marks. 61
Copeland.
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62 Pottery and Porcelain
Flight.
Flight Sf Ban-
Flight, Barr# Barr.
n
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Marks.
Haclcwood.
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o 4 Pottery and Porcelain
E. Mayer.
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Marks.
Phillips $ Co.
B. Plant.
nonoBbi
Pouyat $Russinger.
Reid 4- Co.
RocJcingham.
Sadler fGreen.
William Sans.
MN1 '
SUNDEELAND
LANE END
MoscowA Popoff
PARTS ...
De la Couriille
LIVERPOOL
SWINTON
LIVERPOOL
BUKSLEM
SEVRES
NationalFactory
Imperial Factory
pot pr color V780
pot imp 177-
li p p color 1830
h p p red 1773
h p imp 175-
pot imp 1757
&hp
pot pr color 175G
&hp
pot imp 167-
s p st red 1S03
h p st red 1806
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Marks.
m*
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68 Pottery and Porcelain
B*
MALTA ..,
NEVERS
pot imp 18
pot p color 15
PLYMOUTH ... ... hp p blue 176-This marie, the sign of
Jupiter,is often considered as 2, 4
joined
ST. CLOUDJ. B. Chicanneau
DELFT ...
BERLIN
SAVONA
ORB.
pot p color 1700
pot p
hp pblue 1830
maj p 16
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Marks. 6 9
GtiBBio ... ... cnaj p
ORIENTAL.CHINA ... ... ... h p p blue
Old Nankin ware. Sacred axe
15
,, Precious things. Instru-
ments of writing
Kwei, or emblems of uMandarin
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Pottery and Porcelain
CHINA. ... ... h p p blue
Instrument used as a tuning
fork
DELFT ... ... ... pot p bluo IB-In imitation of the ' six mark
'
OVAL.
ANDENNESB. Lammens Sf Co.
UZES ...
Francois Pichon
(?) VENICE
On modern ware
MONTET
Laurjorois
put imp18
maj p 18
pot anp 18
PEtiARO AND FAENZA ... maj p 15
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Marks.
PESAUO AND FAENZA
j
VAL sous MENDONMittenhoff ,
I
COLOGNE
PALETIE.PARIS ...
Schloss),iacher
PICKAXE.LEEDS ...
X PIPE.ARNSTADT
ninj p
pot imp 179-
pot p blue 1C
hp p gold 18
pot p color 1770
pot p color 17O-
' VlNCENNEP . h 178~
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72.t Pottery and Porcelain
3)
1
*
ROSE.CAUGHLEY
J. Roge S- Co.
... b p p color 1799
DELFT ... ... ... pot . p blue 17G4
De Roos (the Rose), Dirk van
dor Does
SCEPTRE.
BERLIN hp pblae 170-
SHELL OR HELMET.
CHINA hp pblne
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Marks
CHINA ... h p p blue
SHIELD.ANSPACH ... ... h p p blue 1718
NYMPHENBERG ... ... h p imp 1758
SAVONA ... ... maj p
Sometimes with initials G.
A.G., (?) Gian Anto. Guido-
fcono, G. 8. 4* B. C.
1C-
Girolamo Salomons ...
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Pottery and Porcelain
SAVONA
DELFT ...
VOLKSTADT
maj p1C
pot p rec* 1.7
h p p color 17C2
TURIN ...And Shield alone with Cross.
Arms of Savoy
VIENNA
SIIIP.
COBRIDGE
SQUARE MARKS.CHINA ...
For other Square Maries, see
Oriental, used also by
WORCESTER and DRESDEN
t rmnj p lo-
li p imp or 1774
p olue
pot p blue 18
h p p blue
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Marks. 75
Hh p f blue 17RESDEN
Imitation Oriental
On Bottger ware ... ,,
UKBINO
Orazio Fontana
In Greek Characters
maj p 15
STAR.
DOCCIA
NOVE .
s p p color 1735
hp p gold or 1750
pot p red
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Pottery and Porcelain
X
X
SUN.
ST. CLOUD ... ... pet p blue 1702.* sp
SAVONA
SWORD.
OAUGHLEY ... ... h p p blue 1750
DRESDEN ... ... h p p blue 1726
1730
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Marks. 77
Xx
DRESDEN
., Marcolini Manager ...
on White Porcelain forSale ... ...
on imperfect pieces ...
h p p blue 1770
1796
17-
scratched
through
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Pottery and Porcelain
XX-
DRESDENBruhl
Manager
ELBOGEN
MONTREUILTinei
TOURNAY
(?) CAUGHLEYAttributed to Worcester
WORCESTER
h p 3 blue 1750
17
h p mp 1810
p blue 18
s p p gold 175-
or blue
hp pblue 177-
sp p bine 17
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Marks.
WORCESTER s p j) blue \7
TABLE.
CHINA ... ... ... h p
imitated by DERBY ...
TOWETl.TOURNAT ., ... s p p tl e 175
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8o Pottery and Porcelain
IA
VlNCENNES 8 p p color 17
TRIANGLE.
Bow, CHELSEA & DERBY
BRISTOL
DOCOIA
KORZEC
NYMPIIENBERO ...
s p & p gold & 17-h p color &
imp & inc
h p imp 18-&bis
s p p gold 1735
& imp
. p p blue 1803
hp {.blue 1753
pot imp 1809
Hulaudier*
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Marks.
TRIDENT.
Bow
JA,e triangle imp
CAUGHLKY
CAPFAGIOLO
Also attributed to Faenza
Gubbio
SWANSEAAnd one trident
VASES.
BRISTOL
The Cross imp
JAPAN ...
p blue 170-
h p p blue 17
maj ,. lo
h y imp 18
h p pr blue 18
h f. imp 18
color
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82 Pottery and Porcelain
Gunno
WINDMILL.
CLJGNA.NCOUKT ...
Paries greatly
inaj p blue 15
&hp i color 1775
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Majolica. 83
MAJOLICA.
THE manufacture of Italian Pottery generally known
as Majolica or RafFaelle ware was foi many years under
the patronage of the Urbino family, and was principallycarried on at Urbino, Gubbio, Pesaro, Castel Dnrante, Faenza
and Dim c.i.The ware is coarse and bar], but it is valued for the
decorations, which are from designs by RafFaelle, Michael
Angelo, Guilio Romano, and other great masters; and someare thought to be painted with their own hands.
Marryat says : It was the usual custom for the Artists
to write the title of the subject, in blue characters on the
back of the dish, but rarely to affix their names and place of
abode. The examples given will, it is hoped, be sufficient
for the identification of such marks as may be met with in
duplicate, those that arc given in type are too large for
ensravinor in a small handbook.
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Pottery and Porcelain.
MAJOLICA.
&
BASSANO, Venetia ... ... ... 1540
Also with the signature of Antonio Terchi and
B Terchj
CAFFAGIOLO, Tuscany ... ... ... 1507
The ordinary mark is thus marie, it is S. P. in e
monogram, sometimesthe
Pis alone
given.
,, The trident is used both with and without
above. The name is also signed In Gafagolo
This mark is also attributed to Faenza and
Gubbio
(?) for Gafagiolo
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Majolica. 85
FattoinBotegadi Piccolpasso
CASTEL DURANTE, Urbino ... ... founded 1361
The earliest known date is ... 12 Sep., 1503
Sebastiano d' Marforio signs and dates a piece in 1519
Francesco Durantino 1533
,, The Chevalier Piccolpasso was director of a
factory about
> 1841 On Modern Ware < in imitation of the old
CASTELLI, Naples
So attributed by Pusscri ...
Saverio Grue. Also initials and name
L. G. P.
Or. Rocca diCastelli, 1732.
Gentili P.
,, Luigi Grue ...
,Fro. - Ani- Grue
... 1550
14
1C
... 17
'>
... 1722
... J-'2
. 17-
DIRUTA, Papal States
Other varieties of this signature are found
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86 Pottery and Porcelain.
-intyJ *
DIRUTA, Papal States
HT
1G-
FatainFaenzaIn Coxa Pirota
Given by Darcel as a mark of this factory ...
P AEN7A
On one of the earliestpieces
ofMajolica known
1475
(?) Gubbio. Supposed to be Maestro Giorgio 14
Many varieties of the letter F are found ...
Cosa Piroto The name of a factory of
Facnza ... .,, .,, ... 15-
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Majolica.
FAENZAAnd Avithout the circle ... ,,. 15
Also attributed to Pesaro
Many other varieties of this mark are found
Yvioiuarcx ]
ft Also initials B. M. , 154-
ML
,, And B Avithout the T ...(?) Baldasara
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ero.
F.R.
TAOEBA.T
Pottoy ana Porcelain.
AENZAAttributed to Baldasara 15
In a square, and initials only ... , .. M
FLORENCE, Tuscany ... ... ... 14Luca della Robbia and his family mailc their
famous ware here until about ... ... 15GO
This mark and another, LR FA, 1451, is attributedto Luca, but both are very doubtful
Pate m .F1542.
I la, Bo teg a dMo Jero da
Forli.
,, Alate
markon fino
pottery
(?) for Firenze
., 17-
FORLI ... ... ... 15-
Also without date, and with signature of
Lcucadius Solombrinus, 1555
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Majolica.
GENOA ... ... ... .The beacon is well known, it varies very much
15
,, Given by Demmin
GUBBIO, Urbino ... ... ... ... 14
Giorgio Andreoli, afterwards known as Maestro .
Giorgio, first used the beautiful metallic luttre
which caused the Gubbio ware to be so valued
Also ascribed to him ... .*. .
... 1519
.,. 1525
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9 o Pottery and Porcelain.
GUBBIO Maestro Giorgio
B A, Merchants'mark...
,, With merchants' mark
...1528
1532
15
Attributed to 3faes/ro
,. Vincentio or Cencio, son of M- Giorgio ... w
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*L
5to,
r n.o
tf.B.
31.
1627.
Mte L*1639.
Pottery and Porcelain
MILAN. LombardyAnd name only
, 17-
15-2 /f
On modern pottery ... ... , 18-
MONTELUPO, Tuscany ... ... ,.., 1G-
Vaviously written
With signature Raffaello Girolamc
Given by Jacque mart ... ... p black
(?) Wolf's brush modern
NAPLES
Crown of various shapes, some-
times B. C.
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Majolica. 93
EDV
NH.F
CPadva.A. Padoa.
NAPLES.
And Ferdinando del Vecchio Napoli imp in full 17
So attributed
. 17
Giustiniani Brothers ...
And in outline
PADUA, Venetia ...
With date, 1548
1563
... imp 17
& p color
... p blue 17
15-
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94_
In Fesaro.
FattoinPesaro
IP
Ravena.
In Arimin1535.
In Rimino1535.
Fato inAriminensis
1635.
Fatto in Romada Gio Pavlo
SavinoM.D.C.
In Roma.
Pottery and Porcelain.
PESARO
With dates, 1542 to 1765
Doubtful
(?)Giovanni
Vejaso
EAVENNABetween two flourishes
RIMINI
Stiffly written
EOME ...Pencilled in oval
Pencilled and impressed
, li
. 15-
... 1512
, 10-
, 15-
* 1C35
... 16-. 1COO
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Majolica. 95
Alma Roma1623.
EOME.
SAVONA, Genoa ...
(?) Guidobono
Girolamo Salomons
16-
16-
9
61., With initials G. A. G. (Gian Ant .. Guidobono)
and G. S. (tSalomone) & B. C. ..
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Pottery and Porcelain.
L LFata t Siena.
Bar TereseRoma.
F. G.
Treviso.
N.
SAVONA, Genoa ~. 16
SIENA, TuscanyWith signatures of M Benedetto
,, Bartolomeo Terenzio Romaw-o
,,Also in
monogramFerdinando Ma.no,
Campani ...
TREVISO, LomardyIn circle
So attributed
TURIN, Piedmont ... ... ... 15
And Shield alone with Cross. Arms of Savoy
10-
15
1727
1733
15
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Majolica. 97
FattainTorino TURIN, Piedmont
Fabrics Realedi Torino
1737.
So attributed
UEBINO
.f.XA-K-Til / ^
/ t/rAino.
Xanto Avelli da Rovigo
.. 1577
... 17
... 14
p colour 15
X in blue, N in red lustre, probably Viceniio'smark
H
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9 8 Pottery and Porcelain.
^V
AURBINO
Francesco Xanto Avelli
15-
,, Orazio Fontana 15-
Urlino Fecit
In Greek character
JEA similar mail; dated 1519
ATico7o d' UrUno. About
also signed Niculo di V.
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Majolica. 99
T. R. F.1587.
F. G. C.
Alf. P. F.
Vrbini, 1606.
A.PRE
B. F. V. F.
VI
UBBINONicolo d' Urbino ...
Geronimo Vrliino, with dato
Also with initials E F B, dated
... 15
... 1583
... 1587
, 1594
,, Alfonzo Patanazzi. Also name in full ... 1006
Francesco Patanazzi. Also name in full ... 1608
Vicenzio Patanazzi, aged 12 years ... 1619
,, (?) Luca Cambiasi, of Genoa ... ... 16
,, (?) Battista Franco Urbini Fecit ... ...
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Factories. 101
FACTOEIES.
ALTENROLHAU near Carlsbad,Germany ... ... pot imp 1829
A. Nowotny, Director & h p
AMSTEL,Oude 3 nearAr sterdam,
Holland... ...
hp p blue 1782
AMSTEL, Nicwer ... ... h p p blue 15
AMSTERDAM, Holland ... h p ji blue 1772
A. Daeuber, Director ... , t 178-
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Pottery and Porcelain
AMSTERDAM, Holland
Hartog $ Brandeis
ANDENNES, France
B. Lammens $ Co.
pot p color 1780
pot imp 18
A. Der Vander Wcert
ANsrACH, Bavaria ... h p p blue 1718
And other varieties of the
A^sometimes like crossed
s words
The Eagles and Shields t , n n
vary very much, and
sometimes on A used
without the letter
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Factories. 103
ANSPACH Ii p p blue 1718
/P
X
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io 4 Pottery and Porcelain
\BADEN-BADEN, Germany
Widwu Sperl
n
h p p gold 1753
or color
BAYRETJTII, Bavaria ... pot p black 15k 15-
rot D blue 15
kip p 1744
BERLIN, PRUSSIA.
Established by W. G. Wegeley, in 1751, and purchased
by Frederick the Great, in 1763. Pott, a chemist at
this factory, claims the invention of transfer printing on
porcelain.
BERLIN, Prussia.
Wegeley h p p blue 1751
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Factories. 105
1
KPK
BERLIN, Prussia
Royal Factory. Manyforms of sceptre ... h p p blue 176-
Konigliche PorzelleR.
Manufactur
This Ea,gle is also used by
Schuman, of Hoabit,
with namet
Frequently painted tn
green or gold over the
sceptre mark, on
damaged pieces
1830
r 1850
18
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io6 Pottery and Porcelain
BBlaR
op*
I:
t
BORDEAUX, France
Lahens 4 Rateau
h p p color 18
BOURG-LA-EEINE, France .-. s p p blue 1773
4 pot
Le Chappelet ,
BOW.
This factory ivas established about 1735, but did not
become celebrated until many years later.
Bow e p p blue 173
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Factories. 107
it
Bow
To
The form and positionof the sword vary
The triangle has long beenconsidered a Bow mark tbut recent researcheshave rendered it doubt-
ful, it is often hard to
say if it is a Bow orTriangle, the latter isnow proved to have beenused at CHELSEA andDERBY
Triangle, imp
A. B. F. G. & K. are alsofound, probably work-
men's marks
Also BRISTOL
B p p blue 173-
p red
&gold
impinc '
p gold& color
p Dine
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io8 Pottery and Porcelain
ELERS
*
B
B
BRA i> WELL pot imp 1600
BRISTOLFounded ly llicliard h p p color 1772
Champion
,, And other imitations ofOriental marks ... ,,
The cross impressed hp pr blno IS
imp
& biscuit
For Tebo, the modeller.
Many other ivorlcmerismarks are found ino 17-
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Factories. 109
LC
JB
J{. S/iau-e.
WEDGWOOD.Wedgwood.
Wedgwood
pot in relief 1G70
.1 ,im P 167
~
173-
175-
1768
175-
1783
1790
18
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10 Pottery and Porcelain
caen
CALDASPORTUCAI
BUEN RETIRO (Madrid), SpainAttributed to Royal
Factory, Charles III.,
but probably LUDWIQS-
BUKQ
,, The Capo di Monte markis found on early pieces
,, And Monly ...
CAEN, France
Also in capitals
CALDAS, Portugal
Mafra^ maker. Imitations
of Palissy ware
CAPO DI MONTI, NaplesAnd various other forms
of Fleur de lys
Ferdinand IV, patron ...
s p p color
& pot
176-
h p p red 1793
pot imp 18
s p p blue 1736
p red 1759
or blue
& imp.
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Factories. ii i
Os
D. D. & Co.CASTLEFOED
POTTERY.
SALOPIAN.
CAPO DI MONTI, NaplesThis
factoryhas success-
fully imitated old ma-
jolica
Ferdinandus Rex
CASEMKNE, France
Lafl4cliere and Pzillaird
CASTLEFOED. near Leeds
D. Dunderdale
CAUGHLEY, ShropshireEstablished in 1750, by. Brown, taken in 1772
by Thomas Turner .
Crescent marked thus is
often mistaken for J)
arid attributedto
Duesbury of DERBY.
s p p color J79
p color 1780
pot imp 18
pot imp 1790
h p p blue 1750
p blue
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112 Pottery and Porcelain
s
XTURNER.
CAUUHLEY, Shropshire ... h p p blue 1750
h p imp 1772
& pot
h p p blue 17
And other numerals thus
treated, to rescmUe
oriental marks
,, (?) Turner, attributed lo
WORCESTER
Rose Sf Co....
p blue J77-
color 1799
CHAM-TILLY, France
Also u'ithname
s p p blueand imp
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M
Pottery and Porcelain
CHELSEA ... ... s p p gold 1745
And with name in full or red& imp
CLIGNANCOURT, near Paris ... h&spp color IV 5This varies very much
r /v* Monogram of the Patron, h p st red
/r / f |& Louis Stanislas Xavier,
^* ^-> Comte de Provence
Porcelaine de Monsieur tt f 1780
CoALrORT, or COALBROOK h p p blue 1787DALE, Shropshire
^wd C. J>aZe ... ... .. .,
18
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Factories.
%>
MX
Voyez.
IRV/c.
COALFORT, or COALBROOK
DALE, Shropshire... ... h p p blue 18
Caughley, Swansea, Nant-
garw, united 1821
1861
COBRIDGE, Staffordshire ... pot imp 1773
p blue 18-
COLOGNE, Germany pot ] blut, 1589
16-
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i6 Pottery and Porcelain
o
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Factories.
CEIEL.
D
ITD7
CmEL, FrancoAlso with
monogram ofStone-Coquerel and Lc
Gros of Paris
DAMH, Germany ...
pot imp J7S-
h P p blue 17
DELFT, HOLLAND
Potteries were established here at a very early date;
it is said that fine ware was produced in 1480, nothing
certain is Icnoivn lefore 1614, when a patent ivas grantedto Cla.es Janssen Wytman's,for making porcelain, probably
fine pottery.
DELFT, Holland
The A * PHA De Griekse. A.
J. T. Dextra or Dilcstraat
Mark registeredpot p blue
17G1
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n8
DEX
7I. H. D.
Pottery and Porcelain
DELFT, Holland ...
Zoon Dexlra ...
,, On tyare ttrMTi same pat-terns as that with first
mark
The works were carried on
by Ja r obus Haider
Adriens Zoon in 1765...
(?) Jacobus Haider
,, Cornells van Os had the
works in 1767
,, ThoA.XE. DeByl
Justus Brouwer
pot p blue 1764
17C5
,, p bluo
rcg 17G4
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Factories.
DELFT, Holland ...
Justus Brouwer.
This is also attribuied to
A.Kielle, of the Wliite
Star.
The CLAW. De KlaauwLambertus Sanderus.
,, This mark is so variedthat it is usually
un-
known. It has leen
called The Griffin
pot p blue 1764
reg 17G4
'80
The DOUBLE PITCHER.DC Dubbelde Schenkkan
Thomas Spaandonclc...
17G4
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I 20 Pottery and Porcelain
tjTUTLl.\
(A.
DELFT, Holland
,, FORTUNE. T' Fortuyn... pot p blue reg 1'J'J
Pieter van der Briel
,T. H. F.Int. Fortuyn.
I. D. A.
De
., TFccluice i'. d. Uriel
The GOLDEN BOAT. /H
tier vergulde Boot
Johannes der Appel
,, TLc GOLDEN FLOWERPOTDe vergulde blompot ...
P. Verberg
1704
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Factories. 12.1
j DELFT, Holland
The HART. T' Hart ... pot p blue rcg 17G4
HVMD
MP
E. B. S.
,, Hendrik van Middeldijk
The METAL POTDe Metaale Pot
Lartibertus Clejjfius ...
Pietcr Paree
The old MOOB'S HEAD ...In V oude Moriaans Hojft
Geertruy Verstelle
Tbe young MOOR'S HEAD
Tjongue Moriaans Hofft
Widow of Picler Janv. d. Hagen
Probably a mark of one or
other of these factories
The PEACOCK. De PaaawJacobus de Milde
1639
1704
p color
pblae .. 1G51
>, 17C1
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122 Pottery and Porcelain.
7='
twn
PVM
DELFT, Holland
Jacobus de Milde pot [i blue 17C1
(?) Cornells Boumeester
,, The PORCELAIN BOTTLEDe Porceleyne Fles
Pieter van Doorne ...
The PORCELAIN PLATTERDe Porceleyne Sclwotel
., Johannes van Duyn ...
, t Tlte EOMANDe Romeyn
Petrus van Merum
reg 17G4
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Factories. 123
DELFT, Holland
,, JanvanderKlootJanzcon pot p blue 1764
/oo7; thejactory
The EOSB ...De Roos
Dirfe van der Does
The THREE BELLS
De drie klokkenW. van der Does
This varies so much
that it is often unknown
Doubtful
ieg 7G4
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I2 4 Pottery and Porcelain
FB
Hooren.
7?
WVB
DELFT, Holland
,, The THREE PORCELAIN rel7(M
BOTTLES De drle Par-cel eyrie fleschjes
,, Hufjo Brouwer ... pot p blue ,,
The THREE PORCELAINBARRELS De drie Por-
celeyn aslonnen
Hendrick van Hoorn ... ,,
The Two SHIPS ...De twee Sheepjes
,, Ant. Pennis ... ... ,, , ,,
The Two WILD MEN ... ; ..DC twee wildemans
,, Widow of Willem van ,.Beek
The WATER CA:T ... -.De Lampetkan
W(dow of Gerardus Brouwer
L P Kan
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Factories. 125
AK-
DELFT, Holland
The WHITE STABDe ivitie stcr
reg 17G4
pot p brie
/t/C
As J
fi^t^r variations
(?)FancZrJ,osc/
,. Beryl iem
J774
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Pottery and Porcelain
LVj
V
DELFT, Holland
,, Isaalc Lrouwer
(?) Van der Does
(?) Van Dammelar
Suter van der Even
so attributed
Ifartmus
^Infoni Ter Hwnpelin
plMue 1750
1580
-eg 1G75
color 1650
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Factories.
IfKUK
J-ff
\ DELFT, Holland
Q. Kleynoven
Jan Kuylicli the younger
r
Bf Johannes Mesch
Cornells Keyser
Jacobus Pynalcer andAdrien Pynaker
12
p blue re^f 1680
*i - .
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128 Pottery and Porcelain
DELFT, Holland
,, Keyset* 4* Pynal:er p blue xG80
,, Jan Steen
,, Samuel Piet Roerdcr
Willem van der Velde ..,
Abraham Verboom
Piet* r
iseer ... ..
(?) Philip Wouvermans ..
1650
Icolor
1660
1680
1769
15-
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Factories-
AVIfT>7M.2l>1173
DELFT, Holland
UNKNOWNMARKS
129
p co 1 or 1773
pblufe
6-JVC
G )&'779
HX2-
(?) In 771
p rea
p bl**
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Pottery and Porcelain
xw
KVK
MVC4
DELFT, Holland
UNKNOWN MARKS
., (?) Jan Kuylich
On ware painted in the
style of Majolica. Animitation of a Savona
mark-
p blue
f blue 1731
p oolor
p bine
p red 17
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Factories..
4#
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Pottery and Porcelain
PEHBY.
Founded in 1751, ly W. Duesbury, who, in 1770, pur-chased the Chelsea Works, and, in 1781, removed the
moulds and models to Derby; also Bow, 1770.
DERBY ... .. s p p red
Duesbury.
DERBY CHELSEA ... ... s p
Later in lilac, then in red
p goldor red
1756
1770
p gold 177-
CROWN DERBY ... ... h p p red 1780Also without the dots or violet
with monogram D KDuesbury and Kean ... ,, ., 1798
- Also with in old English
type ^ 1780
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Factories. 133
A
oshua Heath.
DEJIBY
,, In imitation of the Sevres h p p red or 1798
mari violet
, , In imitation of the Chinese
,, Probably a workman* t
mark
p blue
M& imp
And in oval h p pr color [ 183g
Stevenson $ Hancock ... lip p color 186-
Cockpit Hall
DOCCIA, near Florence, ItalyVarious star marks
pot imp 1760
9 p p color 1735
imp &
p gold
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'34
GINORI.
C/PO
Pottery and Porcelain
DOCCIA, near Florence, Italy...The founder's name
The Capo di Monti mould*were transferred here
about
n I> imp 1735
1821
DRESDEN, SAXONY.
Thefirst European
Porcelainmanufactory,
established
by Augustus II. in 1709, under the management of
fiottjer.
DRESDEN, Saxony,, Augustus Rex, founder ... hp p blue 1709
TheCaduceus (sale mark)
Bottger ware
And other square marksin imitation oj oriental
1712
to 1720
about 1718
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factories. '35
, {Saxony...
Herold, manager
h p p blue 1720
1720
1730
,, 'Brulil, manager
17-
Alcissen porzeilen manu*
faclur. A'so without
the words.
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Pottery and Porcelain
x
X
XX
DEES DEN, Saxony...
Early mark
Sachsiche porzellen mami-
factur
Konigliche porzellen manu-
factur
p p blio 17
1750
17-
1770
,, Harcolini, manager ... 9 ,
On white porcelain (per-fect), for sale.
,, On imperfect pieces
I79G
l> blue
scratched
through
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Factories, 137
DRESDEN, Saxony...Un 'imperfect pieces
,, On faulty table goods
b p p blao 17
scratched
through
Wedgwood$Co
A modern imitation ofearly mark
p blue 18& imp
ELBOGEN, Bohemia ... h p imp 1810
see Wedgwood
FERRYBRIDGE, near TJurslcm ,,& pot
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Pottery and Porcelain
FLORENCE, Italy .., * p p color 1580
This varies very much
,, The arms of the Medici
family. Rare marie.
15
FEANKENTHAL, Bavaria ... h p p bltto 1754
The arms of. Hannong
of Strasbourg, removed
here, 1753.
Paul Hannong...
Also J. A. H. t in monogram & pot fc in/
Carl Theodore, patron ... hp p blue 1761
FULDA, Germanv ...
Furstlick Fuidaisch
p blue 17G3
to 17SO
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Factories. 139
tFULDA, Germany ...
On figure?..
FURSTENBEEG, Germany
,, The F varies very much...
h p p blue 17G3
h p p blue 170
GERA
GOT u *
R.
h p p blue 1780
b p p blue 175-
,, Rotheribcrg, the founder
GROSBREITENBACH
Sometimes a mere flourish
h p p r-olor 1770
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1 4 o Pottery ana Porcelain
E. Mayer.
Lakin fy Poole.
Shorthose.
NEALE & Co.
J. MEIGH &SONS.
NEELD.
HAGUE (THE), Holland ... hp p blue 177-J Stork the Arms oj ihe
Town
HALDENSTEBEN, ALT, Germany hp imp
HANLEY
pot imp
Also Heigh .
In imitation of Wedgwood
17
177-
1776
U79
173-
178
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Factories. 141
J. Keeling.
Eastwood.
Shorthose SfHeath.
T. SNEYD,HANLEY.
Mason'sIronstone
China.
HEREND.
HANLEY
W. Baddeley
pot imp 179-
18
Lane Delph, near ... ,, pr color 1813
HERCULANEUM see LIVEKPOOL.
HEREND, Hungary h p p blue 1800
H)
Also Shield $ Crown ofAustria, fy Shield %Crown of Hungary.
Maurice Fischer ... 1839
HESSE CASSEL, Germany ... h p p blue 1763
HESSE DARMSTADT, Germany h p p blue 1756
HILDERSHEIM, Germany h p p blue 1760
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Pottery and Porcelain
HOCHST, near Mayence, Germany h p p gold 1720
The arms of the Archbish'm & color
of Maymce
DKiEETb\S
n ^3T
fitd
T
Dahl
KIEF. Russia
KIEL, Denmark ...
Bu.chwald, Director
Abr. Leihamer fecit
pot p color 1791
&hp
pot p color 178-
pot p gold 177-
or color
Also K. T. G ...
KORZEC, Poland ... ... h p p blue 1803
,, The mark varies very much,and is sometimes usea
with the name
KREUZEN, Germany
Caspar Vest
Hans Christoplie Vest
pot p color 1610
to 1GOO
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Factories.
J. Lockett.
TURNER.B. Plant.
T. Harley,Lane Lnd.
Maf 4 1 Newld
LANE END or LONGTON,Staffordshire
Mayer Sf Ncwbold
Bailey $Batlcin.
LEEDS TT'irTiaPOTTERY. '
LEEDS
UlU
1 43
pot imp 17
1762
177-
pot & imphp
1809
Also with name, Hartley,Green $ Co.
LILLE, France
Dorez
D is also found on soft paste.
imp & 18pr color
pot imp - 18
pot imp 177(?
p color
imp
pot p oobr 1711
j, 174-
17
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1 4 4
I
Pottery and Porcelain
LILLE, France
F. Boussemart.
Petit
pot p color 1729
1778
Patron, The Dauphin ... h p stcn & 1784
Leperre Duroo. p red
LIMBACH, Saxe meiningen ... hp p red 17G1
p gold
p coicr
LIMOGES, France ... h p p red 1773
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Factories. H5
J.p
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146 Pottery and Porcelain
Davenport.
LONGPORT.
Phillips.
yi.rf
X
LONGPORT
J. Davenport
A blurred impression of ^ war& is read Liver-
pool in mistake for
Davenport..
pot imp 1793
pr red
imp
]r blue 1S0
LOOSDRECHT, near Amsterdam, bp p bineHolland
Manufactur oude Loos-
drecht. Moll, director
LOWESTOFT ... ... s*hp ,,
No mark used by factory
I/UDWIGSBURG, Wiirtemberg h p p blue
Tnitial of Duke Charles,sometimes used with-
out the crown
17G
1772
175
175
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Factories
I
LUDWIGSBURG, Wiirtembcrg h p p blue 1758This form is also attributed
to Madrid
An antler from ihe arms ,.of Wilrtemberg or red
TR
.B.1 E
Also W. R. ...
LUXEMBOURG, BelgiumBoch, Director
MADRID -see BUEN EETIRO.
MALTA ...
p blue 1C06
to 1818
pot p color. 180G
&lip
u/ vi/
pot imp 18
MARANS, France ... ... pot p color 1740
Jean Pierre Roussencq
MARIEBERG, Sweden ... pot p colo* 1750& s p
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148 Pottery and Porcelain
. c.
Vc c
MARIEBEEG, Sweden
Ehrenreich.
MARSEILLES, France
Also with C. S.
Savy
pot p color 17*
& s p
>
pot p color 1777
pr .,
B
Veuve Pernn
lionnefoy
p black 17C
., p color 176
hp p black 177
&pot
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Factories. 149
DV
MEISSEN, near Dresden, Saxony pet imp 17
Boltger
MENECY VILLEROT, France... op p color 1735Dulce of Villeroy & inc
MIDDLESBOROUGH, Yorkshire pot p blue 1820, the pattern mark imp
MONTET, Franco ...
Laurjorois, manager
MONTPELLIER, France
Le Vouland
pot imp 18
pot imp 18
TAPKHEPt
MONTREUIL, sous bois, Franco h p p blue 18
Tinet
Moscow, Russia ...A. Gardner
h p p color 17
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5 o Pottery and Porcelain
nonoBbi
7*
I^AHHA
Moscow, Russia ...-4.
Popo/.
li p p color 183
) 91
,, F. G. Fabrica Gospodina h p imp 18(The factory of our & pot color
Lady) Galena
e
NANTGARW.
MOUSTIEKS, Franco
Olery
168
p color 172
,, Feraud
GuichardAlso the G only
NANTQARW, AVales
pot p color 173
,, stcn in
dots
h p imp & 181color
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Factories.
NAPLES. See CAPO DI MONTI.
NEVERS, France ...
,, Jacques Bourdv
,, Denis Lefebvre
,, Henri Borne
Jacques Scigne
,, Francois Rodrigue
,Tile mstori ...
pot p color 15
3) It
II >t
>5 S>
1602
1636
1730
1850
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I C2 Pottery and Porcelain
NEWCASTLE. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE ... pot imp 18
X
NIEDEBVILLER,. near Stras- h p p blue 1760bourg
1
,France & pot
Baron de Beyerle , the
founder
General de Custine ... 1786
,, And other varieties oj the ,,coronet
,, Lanfray, director ... fiten 1802
PBC
Nove
NOVE*
xmp
NIMES, France ... ... potPLantier Boncourant # Co.
183-
NOVE, Italy h p p gold 1750
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Factories.
NOVE. Italy h p p gold 175
or color
NUREMBURG, Germany ... pot imp 155(
Ham Kraut ... ... p blue 1578
,, George Liebolt
NYMPHENBERG, BavariaThe arms of Bavaria
1667
b p imp 1753
,, p blue ,,
NYON, Switzerland ... ,,
Pierre Mulhausen, painter >}
1790
18-
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'54 Pottery and Porcelain
VA
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Factories. '55
IPARIS, France ... ... h p p color 1773
^yV_ Gros
H
A
Manuf - deMM -
Guerliard etliihl a Paris-.
,, Advenir Lamarre
P. A. Hannong
Lelxeuf. Marie Antoinette,
patroness
Houseltook the
factory...
: n
Guerhard
Due d'Angouleme, patron
,, Also the names in full
together and separate.
Nast
1773
Porcelaine de la Reine ... f red 1778
1799
p rod 1780
h p &t red 1783
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Dagoty.
Feuillet
&
F&R
P *
Pottery and Porcelain
PARIS, France Dagoty ... hp ji ret. 179-
Feuillet ...
J. Petit ... ... h p {. blue 1790
Clianou ... red 1784
Schlossmacher M v gold 187-
PERKENHAMMER, near Carlsbad, hp j> color 1802Austria
Fischer & Reichembach
PlNXTON ... ... Sp80 attributed, but the
factory had no acknow-
ledged marks.
1794
I Pi/ MOUTHThe sign of Jupiter
h p p blue 176-
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Factories. 157
PLYMOUTH ... ... h p p blue 176-
Probably Jupiter carelessly
pencilled
... ... h p p blue 1770
Doubtful
POPPLESDORF, Germany
QUIMPER.Hubaudiere.
17
pot imp 176-
imp 1809
EA'IWNSTEIN, Germany ... hp p blue 1760
REUENSBERU or RATISBON ... h p p bluo 17
Germany
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Pottery and Porcelain
k
f
I?Apr
fD
X
REGENSBERG, cr RATISBON, bp p bit . 17-
Germany
EOCKINGHAM See SWINTON
ROUEN, France ... pot p color
,, A great many initials are
given byas Rouen marks
EUDOLSTADT, Germany ... h p jicoior 1758
Hay fork, part of theArms of ftchwa'ftzberg
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6o Pottery and Porcelain
ST. CLOUD, France
Trou, director
ST. PETERSBURG, iiussis
pot
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Factories. 161
-4
BPATKEBT*
KopHMAOBblXTi
sx
^L^
ST. PETERSBURG, Russia
Alexander I.
Nicholas . ...
Brothers Korneloffski
,, Alexander II,
ST. SAMSON, France
h p p color 1801
pot imp
1827
1855
183-
SCEAUX PENTHIEVRE, Franco s p inc 1750
^ZsoSP. to 1760
Due de Penthievre. Lord
High Admiral, patron pot p bluo 1751
sp 1753
Sceaux. J.792
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162 Pottery and Porcelain
tfe Sevres
SCHAFFHAUSEN, GermanyTobias Slimmer.
SCHLAKENWALD, Austria
pot
hp
p coior 1560
1800
SEVEES, FBANCE.This Factory was removed from Vincennes in 1756.
and, under the patronage of Madame de Pompadour
becamethe most celebrated in
Europe.The
soft past*vases, etc., are now invaluable, owing to their form, colour,
and artistic decoration.
SEVRES, France.
,, Royal period. Sometimes
with crown. The letter
indicates the year. See
TabU.
s p p blue 175
Hard paste first made
Republic
And name only ...
National Manufactory ...
Marlz 1804. SeeTable.
Imperial Manufactory ...
J7C
h & s p colov 179
h p st red 180
180
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Factories. 163
25
JO
Sevres
30
SEVRES, France ...
Imperial Manufactory.
Louis XVIILDated with ttie year of
the century.
Charles X. ...
,, On plain ware
,, On decorated ware
Louis Philippe. From
August to Decemler.
1830, to November, 1831
h p p red 1810
stcn& imp
p blue 1814
1824
1829
1830
p color
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66 Pottery and Porcelain
AA
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Factories. .67
|SEVRES. Initials and Monograms of Decorators, $c.
/*'* Chapui?, aine ... Flowers, Birds, etc.
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i68 Pottery and Porcelain
^^ SEVRES. Initials and Monograms of Decorators,
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Factories. 169
XA
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Pottery and Porcelain
/#
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Factories. 171
p
? 1
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172 Pottery and Porcelain
SEVRES. Initials and Monograms of Decorators, $c.Schadre ... ... Birds and Landscapes.
Sinsson ... ... Flowers.
Swebach ... Landscapes, etc.
Bineb ... ... Flowers.
Vande ... ... Gilding and Flowers.
Mde. Gerard. .
Flowers and Borders.
Hilken ... ... Pastoral Subjects.
Vavasseur . . . Arabesques
Grison ... ... Gilding.
Micaud ... .. Flowers, Vases
Bouillat ... Landscapes and Flowers
Joyau ... ... Detached Flowers.
UNKNOWN.
Figure subjects, finely painted.
Do. do.
On fine ware, with other marks.
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Factories. '73
SEVRES. Maries of Decorators,
Buteux, pere ... Flowers and trophies.
?
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'74 Pottery and Porcelain
#
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Factories.
569-
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Pottery and Porcelain
M 8.
ASTBTJBT.
E. & J.BADDELEY
I. & G.RlDGWAY.
J. & W. E.
Sincheny.
Noel
Choisy ...
Aubert ...
Martinet . . .
SEVRES. Marks of Decorators, i^c.... Flowers, medallions.
. . . Flowers , trophies .
... Flowers.
The lest Painters, fyc., are n Italics.
SHELTONNew Hall Works
and name Hackwood.
,Miles
,, Baddeley
Bell Works
SINCENY, France
pot pr color 1820
1842
1685
,, imp 17
1750
177-
lo 1816
to 1854
pot p color 1733
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Factories. '77
SPODE.
Porcelar
SINCENT, France
Joseph le Cerf.
,, Moulin
STOKE-UPON-TllENT
,, Minton
On best
,, Gopeland. Copeland $
Garrett, 1833. Cope-
land, late Spode, 1847.
pot p color 177-
1864
pot imp 1770
h p p red
,, p color 179-
h p p gold 185
or color
pr blue 18
pr color 185-
STBASBOUBG, Germany ... pot p blue 17
Hannong removed to & h pFrankenthal, 1754.
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.78 Pottery and Porcelain
M.
PHILLIPS &Co
DIXON & Co.
MOORE & Co.SOUTH WARE.
SWANSEA.
XSWANSEASWANSEA.
-
n p p color 178-
imp 18
And trident only
And with name, Dyllwyn4- Co. sten rod 181-
SWINTON, Eockingham ... h p pr red 17
The Eockingham Crest.
First used about 1824.
Brameld, maker.
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Factories. 79
BF.AJHELD, SWINTON, Buckingham
TOULOUSE, France
Fouque, Arnoux et Cie.
h p pr red 1807
&potpot p color 1820
BOOTH.
CHILD.
. $E. Keeling.
VV. ADAT\IK.
TOUKNAY, Franco ... sp p blue 175-Tour aux oiseaux. Also
a potter's kiln.
V gold
or blue
TOURS, FranceVictor Avisseau.
TUNSTALLAnd name in full Enoch
Booth.
h p p blue 184-
pot imp 1750
17(53
1770
1780
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i8o Pottery and Porcelain
TURIN, Italy ... ... h p imp 1770
Vineuf, Dr. Gioanetti.
t*
Ven?CM
UZES, France
Francois Pichon.
VAL sous MEUDON, France.
Mittenhof $ Mourot.
VABAQES
VENICE, Italy
,, Giovanni Mar cone
pot 18-
179-
& pr
pot p black 1730
or red
h p p red 17
or blue
s p p gold 17
or color
h p p rod 1765
VIENNA, Austria ... ... p blue 1774
The shape of the shield or imp
varies.
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Factories. 181
sVINCENNES, France
The Tower varies.
9> Hannong
s p p ?olor 17
li p 178-
fJSTS'\/l\f VILLENGEN, Nurembergn-/L.l/yVj Hans Kraut.
cSv VOLKSTADT, Germany
VOISONLIEU, France
Jean Ziegler.
WEDGWOOD. WEDGWOOD, Burslem and
Wedgwood.
Etruria.
hp
pot s-t
& imp
15-
17G2
1839
pot imp 175-
A h p 1770
imp 17G8
to 1780
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132 Pottery and Porcelain
WORCESTER
This Factory was established, in 1751, by Dr. Wall and
others. The invention of transfer printing on porcelain is
attributed to Dr. Wall, but is also claimed for Sadler, of
Liverpool, and Dr. Pott, of Berlin.
WORCESTER s p p blue 1751or gold
Dr. Wall
Imitation of Chinese marks
Many marks are found inthis
style,in imitation
of Oriental.
p blue
or red
p p blue 17-
or red
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Factories. 183
XWORCESTER
Imitation Dresden marks
p p blue 17
or red
ctfipfit
Flight
and name on
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1 84 Pottery and Porcelain Factories.
RI
WORCESTER ... ... h t> pr 18
,, And Chamberlains only. 178-
., Grainger, Lee $ Co. ... 1800
,, Richard Holdship. A . p color 175-Duorator's mafic. Healso ivorkedfor Derby.
WURZBUKG, Bavaria ... ,, p blui 17
ibsolom Yam. YARMOUTH ... pot^
.Z?,.. orator, also wit''
name inj.^.
ZURICH, Switzerland hp ,)blue 1759
W.C.P.
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ORIENTAL MARKS.
CHINA.
CHINESE porcelain is said to date from about a century before the
Christian era ; their pottery is of the greatest antiquity, and, like the
porcelain, is of every quality. The oldest example that can now beobtained is of the
Ming period, though,if the marks could be relied
on,there are many pieces of the 10th century still to be found, but marks
are so easily imitated, and Chinese potters are so fond of reproducing
old patterns with marks complete, that very little reliance can be placed
upon them. The best periods of the manufacture of porcelain duringthe Ming dynasty, were
Yun ^ 10 1403 to 1424
Seuen-tih ... 1426 1435
Ching-hwa 14C5 1487
Kea-tsing 1522 15G6
Wan-leih ... 1573 1G19
Egg Shell ware was first made in the Yung-lo period.
The euen-th was famous for all sorts of coloured ware.
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1 86 Pottery and Porcelain.
The Ching-hwa produced the best ware and the finest
decoration. This mark commands larger prices in Europe
-f- H 7 than any other. The dark rich blue of the Kea-tching andthe white granulated surface of the Wan-leili, are very
choice. Old blue China, or Nankin ware, is from the Im-
perial factories at King-te-chin a town of potters named after King-'e,the Emperor, who first patronized the manufactory in 1004-1007. The
ware bore the six mark dates until 1667, when they were forbidden
by an edict from the governor of the province, lest any piece being
broken, the Emperor's name might be profaned by being carelesslythrown on the dust heap. This blue ware was made by direction of the
Emperor, who ordered it to be of the colour of the sky after the winterrains.
The marks on Chinese work are seldom either Factory or Painter's
marks. M. Stanislas Julien gives the mark of a potter of the Wan-leih
period, named Hao-chi-lihieoii, who excelled in writing verses and in
painting ; he appears to have taken religious vows and lived in retire-
, ^, -^ ment; his mark is Ou-in-tao-jin. Ou, the hermit. M.iPf H?. Jacquemart mentions a
six mark, sold by Pei-tcliing,
AH5?made by Kien-ki. Some of those given are no doubt
In3\ makers' names as San-yuh, Mountain of Gems ; but the
marks most commonly found are in four or six characters, and denote
the date of the manufacture.
The six mark may be made out from the table of dates withoutmuch trouble, except from badly formed characters, handwriting beingas varied in China as elsewhere.
Chinese writing is arranged in columns commencing at tne right,
reading downwards. If in a horizontal line it reads from right to left.
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KEEN SEUEN-TA
CHE-TiH-MING
The first and second characters of the six mark showwoo- TA TA
EN- MING the dynasty, thus:
' the third and fourth, the peri od
C/t
E| ifc (
n 'e en haou), name of the years; the fifth signifies/
qpl year, and the sixth J|| made : thus, Ta-Ming, Hung-
woo, neen che. Great Ming (illustrious) dynasty, Hung-woo, years; made. 13G8 to 1398. Or arranged thus, Ta.
Ming, Seuen-tth, neen, che. Made in the Seuen-tih periodof the Ming dynasty. 1426 to 1435.
The next example is
Ta Ts'hing, Yung-ching, neen, die, Great Ts'hing (pure)dynasty Yung-ching period. 1723 to 1735. The
*' four
mark is more troublesome, as it does not give the
dynasty it necessitates a search through the whole list of
dates ; it is read in the same order, thus : King-tillneen, che, made in the King-tih period, about 1004 to
1007.
The square marks called the Imperial Seal, which have
been in use from the beginning of the last century, are
read in the same way; they are written in an archaic
character that is only understood by antiquaries, and
are usually very badly done. In the list given, from thebest examples that could be obtained, it will be seen that
the first, second, fifth and sixth, which should be alike in all, vary
considerably; four mark seals are also given which show similar
variations.
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i88 Pottery and Porcelain
4
**E
Dates are also written thus : Wan-leih pah r>&n che.
\ Wan-leih eighth year, made 1580.
All these may be known as dates by the last characters,Ween year ; and che, to make, form or fashion.
Sometimes another character is used, Neen tsaou, made
or make.
Ta Ming-she-heen, made in the time of the Great Ming
government. An example was found that probably read
thus : but it was too confused to be read with certainty ;the piece waa modern ware.
Ta Ming neen che, made in the years of the Great Ming.This is also to be found, but is probably a modern mark.
Another mode of dating is by the cycle of sixty years,but as only the year of the cycle is given it does not
identify the period.
24th year ... ... p blue
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One example was written thus-
Woo shin necn chc, 5th year p blue
The first column is called the ten celestial stems, andthe second the twelve terrestrial branches. The twelve branches are the Chinese Zodiac: The Rat, Bull,Tiger, Eabbit, Dragon, Serpent, Horse, Sheep, Monkey,Cock, Dog and Boar. The ten stems are double
characters ; they are allied to the five Chinese elements :
Water, Fire, Wood, Metal and Earth. This system isalso used in Japan and Siam. The 76th cycle commencedin 1864.
if
If ft53
OPT
57
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190 Pottery and Porcelain.
5m
ISA
The most interesting of these dates is that used ithe year 1721, Yew sin-choiv ne'^n che. Made in the Sinchow year again (recurring). The Emperor Kang-hecame to the throne in the 38th year of the 68th cycle,and died in 1722. He therefore had reigned for a whole
cycle on the recurrence of the 38th year in 1721, a
event unexampled in Chinese history.
In a later example the date is given both by the year
of the Emperor, and the year of the cycle.
T'hung-cJie sJuh urh necn. Kwci yew, 12th year o
T'hung-che. 10th year of cycle = 1874. The llthyear also commences in 1874.
DATES.
TA MING Dynasty
Hung- woo
Keen-wan
Yung-lo
Hung-he
1368
1399
1403
Seuen-te .. 1426
* Ching-t'hung 1436
King-tae ... 1150
* T'heen-shun 1457
'
Ching-hwa ... 14G5
* Some authorities reverse these two periods they both
belong to the Emperor Yung Ching, who was taken
prisoner by the Tartars, and held captive for seven yearf.
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Pottery and Porcelain.
IMIIII
m$IDJ11
i j/
loP
1*5.1
flluuii
Kang-he... 1662
Yung-ching 1723
Keen-lung ... 1736
Kea-king ... 1796
Taou-kwang 1822
Han-fung ... 1851
T'huvg-che ... 1861
Four Characters.
Ching-hwa... 14;^
Probably a forgery
Shun-che ... 1641
Zeen-Zttnflr ... 1736
Taou-ku-ang 1822
Han-fung ... 185
Thung-che...186
Two Characters-Name only.
r/mnsr-c/tc... 186
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Oriental. 193
BAT.
Fuh, used as a synonym for happiness.
DRAGON,
With five claws, is an Imperial emblem, with four, of
the blood royal, and with three, of the nobility. Lung-
fung, a dragon and a phoenix (divine bird of felicitous
omen), was a mark of the Scuen-to period, 1426 to H35.
FISH.
The two fish, an emblem of domestic felicity, is a
mark usually found on old blue or Nankin ware ; it is
one of the earliest known, from 969 to 1106. Cups with
handles in the form of- a red fish are of the Scucn-tc
period.
FLOWER.
Many varieties of this mark are found in blue and alsoin colours. A sesamuin flower painted under the foot ofa vase, &c., is a mark of Tou-chcou, 969 to 1106.
The Che plant, a kind of fungus, used as an emblem
of longevity.
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Pottery ana Porcelain.
Emblem of longevity.
(?) Bat and peach.
(?) The lotus.
Hoa, a small flower p vnted inside a cup, is a mark of th
Yung-lo period, 14-3 to 1424. It signifies pleasure
a vicious sense.
FLY,
Or Butterfly, ia found on old Nankin.
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196 Pottery and Porcelain.
Varieties of Show. Longevity.
OS)
\Jy
CT3
if?
*
/*y _>_^%
\/
03
/03\
*
mva/
/s\
jj
I\/
m
ffl\/
\7
M\y
in
iiFr^
.fj
(il
flm
i
jii
m
t\/
/)If\
AIA
*
/ffiil
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Oriental. 197
mII
Show, is also drawn in circular, oval and elongated forms.
In ^/tow; this form is known as the spider mark.
Happiness, divine protection, felicity.
Also written in many different ways.
ii mmm
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198 Pottery and Porcelain.
31
DP
Luh
m
Kc'ih
Wan
Hing
(?) Ke
Paou
Ting
Shun
(
Prosperity, wealth, great pos-sessions
A, and
found together.
Prosperous.
Felicity, good luck.
|Jade, a gem, beautiful, precious, valu-
^ able,&c. , known as the F mark, being
I often indistinct, and like that letter.
/ Literature. On articles made for useI literarymen,therulingclass of Cliina.
Exalted, highly esteemed.
A vessel, vase, ability, capacity.
Precious, valuable.
Perfect.
Elegant.
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Oriental. 199
Koo Antique.
Shing Holy.
Tsuen Complete, perfect, a name.
King Good, excellent, congratulations.
Ch'ha Name.
The five blessings : which are long life,
riches, health, the love of virtue, and
a natural death.
Precious or valuable jade.
Yuh chin Jade of great value ; pearl of great price.
/ This is an example of the way marks
I are usually written.
Wan yuh Kare jade.
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m
Chin ivan (A precious rarity.
Choo foo
Keang Cang
Tsaou, fang
Tung gan
Yung ching
A valuable curiosity.Veritable jade. Chin
An elegant rarity. Yew wan
Great prosperity,felicityor good fortune.
Western jade. The best)
jade comes to China > /% yuhfrom the West. )A pivot, and the most
polite expression forthe house of another.Palace of the centreof the universe markused 1260-1367.
Ginger preserved in syrup.
Inexpressibly precious. PaoushingA fruit (colled dates, by
Europeans) in syrupChoiv Chow. Both
marks of the Kea-tsing period, 1 522-66.
The arrival of friends. Yew laeName imp on old ware.Red olive cinnamon. 1
The Tcwei is a me- I
taphor for
honours.
Name p blue on old ware.
literary fTan Jcwei
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Oriental. 201
Trr . , , . f Made to multiply (or increase the stockWei foo china \ L J vI of) veined jasper.
HALL MARKS.There has been some uncertainty as to the exact
meaning of the word tang, but Mr. Franks has ascer-
tained that it means the name of the establishment atwhich the specimens so marked were made.
Jin ho kwan Hall of brotherhood and peace.
Lull e tang Waving bamboo hall.
/ Hall for the honourable reception of
tang ) those who have gone before.I Hall of ancestors.
Made at the Hall of rare jade.
Made at the Hall of brilliant colours.
Kheytih
tang die
Tsae jun
tang che
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t*
9
CVmw/ tih \
|
tangdie
}
Made at the Hall of virtuous research.
Made at the Hall of f*
advantage.
ll Ulade at the Hall 01
\ e f the jewelled girdle.
Made at the Hall off1 '*** *
abundant jade.(^ tang die
Tze tze \ Madc ftt the Hall of the
tang die Jviolet embroidery.
Made at the Hall ofjTa sh
the great tree. ( tang die
King v-ei } Made at the Hall of wor-
tang die Jsni P ant ^ veneration.
Made at th