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A Novel MPPT scheme for Solar Powered Boost Inverter using Evolutionary Programming
The Journey of Thousand Miles Begins with a single step
December 16, 2011
Presentation By
Mr. M.Kaliamoorthy, Member IEEEAssociate Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringPSNA College of Engineering and Technology
Dindigul, Tamilnadu-624622Tel: 9865065166
E-Mail: kaliasgoldmedal@gmail.com,kaliasgoldmedal@ieee.orgWebsite:www.kaliasgoldmedal.yolasite.com
Paper Number : 111
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Objectives of This Paper
Low aim is a crime- Diode-John Ambrose Fleming-1904
• Design and development of solar powered single stage boost inverter for RL load
• Design of accurate PV module and improved MPPT algorithm using Evolutionary Programming
• Comparison of closed loop controlling of boost inverter using-– PI controller– Sliding mode controller– MPPT algorithm
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Model a Drop, To know the power of the OCEAN- Zener Diode –Clarence Melvin Zener-1915
Contents of Presentation
• Simulation of accurate PV panel
• Simulation of improved maximum power point tracking algorithm using Evolutionary Programming
• Analysis and simulation of open loop single stage PV fed boost dc-ac converter
• Developing sliding mode control and PI control for PV fed boost inverter
• Comparison of the results and conclusion
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL WORKING PRINCIPLE
Workship the creator not his creation- Edmond Becquerel ,1889 Electricity From Sun
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING
)1( DL IIIFrom the figure
Where I=Output Current In Amps Il=light Current Or Photo Generated Current In Amps ID= Diode Current in amps
Reading is an adventure that never ends- Photo Voltaic Cell- Russell Ohl-1903
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING Cont…
By Shockley equation, current diverted through diode is
1
/exp
qnkT
IRUII soD
Where Io= Reverse Saturation Current n= Diode Ideality Factor K=Boltzmann’s Constant T= Absolute Temperature q= Elementary Charge
For silicon of 250C nkT/q=0.0259 volts=α
1exp
soD
IRUII
Believing in yourself is the first step to success- Lead Acid Battery- Raymond Gaston Plante-1859
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING Cont…
Substituting above equation in equation (1) we get
)2(1exp
soL
IRUIII
Where α=nkT/q is known as Thermal Voltage Timing Completion Factor
The four Parameters IL,Io,Rs and α need to be determined toStudy the I-U characteristics of PV cells
Look at your strengths and not your weaknesses- SCR-General Electric (GE)-1958
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING Cont…
LIGHT CURRENT IL determination
refccSCIrefLref
L TTII ,,,
sheet dataer manufactur from obtained becan andIBoth
)(A/current circuit short theoft coefficien eTemperatur
here) used is (25 eTemperatur Reference T
re temperatucell PV T
) 25 and W/m(1000condition referenceat current Light I
study) in this used is W/m(1000irradiance reference
)(W/mirradiance
SCI, refL,
0,
0refc,
c
02refL,
2ref
2
C
C
c
Where
SCI
Success is a journey, Which has no Destination- Alternator-Nikola Tesla-1891
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING Cont…
SATURATION CURRENT IO determination
273
2731exp
273
273 ,
3
,,
c
refc
ref
sgap
c
refcrefoo T
T
q
Ne
T
TII
condition reference at the of valueThe
)10 x 3(1.6021773electron theof Charge q
module PV theof seriesin cells ofNumber N
materials) Sifor (1.17eV material theof gap Band e
(A)condition reference at thecurrent Saturation I
ref
19-
s
gap
refo,
C
Where
ref
refoc,,,
U exp
refLrefo II
ers)manufacturby provided be (Will V)condition( reference at the
module PV theof ltagecircuit voopen The , refocU
There is no age bar for learning- Electric Chair-Harold P.Brown-1888
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING Cont…
Calculation of α
(A)condition reference at thecurrent circuit Short I
(A) condition reference at thecurrent point power Maximum I
(V)condition reference at the agepoint voltpower Maximum
1ln
2
refsc,
refmp,
,
,
,
,,
,
,,
refmp
refsc
refmp
refmprefsc
refsc
refocrefmpref
U
Where
I
I
II
I
UU
refrefcT
273
273T
as expressed is which re, temperatuoffunction a is
,
c
Knowledge is the antidote to fear – Electric Distribution System –Thomas Alva Edison - 1882
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING Cont…
Calculation of Series Resistance Rs
Some manufactures provide value of Rs, if they do not provideIt can be calculated as follows
hereconstant as taken is
1ln
,
,,,
,
s
refmp
refmprefocrefsc
refmpref
s
R
I
UUI
I
R
Thermal Model of Photovoltaic cell
)Module(mPVcell/ theof area Effective
)mperature(Ambient te
)]. W/(t[coefficien lossheat Overall k
cells PV ofproduct absorbtion nceTransmitta
)].[J/( ecell/Modul PV theof areaunit per capacity heat oveall The
A
I x
2
0
20loss
,
20
,
A
cT
mc
K
mcC
TTKU
kdt
dTC
a
pvin
pv
aclosspvinc
pv
Present life is better than life coming in future – Robot- Jacques de Vaucanson-1738
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODEL PARAMETERS
IL,ref(ISC,ref) 2.664 A
αref 5.472 V
Rs 1.324 Ω
Uoc,ref 87.72 V
Ump,ref 70.731 V
Imp,ref 2.448 A
Φref 1000 W/m2
Tc,ref 250c
CPV 5 X 104 J/ (0c.m2)
A 1.5m2
Kin,pv 0.9
Kloss 30 W/ (0c.m2)
Be willing to accept temporary inconvenience for permanent improvement –Dynamo-Michael Faraday-1832
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODEL IN MATLAB/SIMULINK
Better safe than sorry –Analog Storage Oscilloscope- Hughes-1957
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODEL IN MATLAB/SIMULINK
Distance lends enchantment to the view –CRO- Karl Ferdinand Braun- 1897
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
CHARACTERISTICS OF PV CELL AT CONSTANTCELL TEMPERATURE
Everyone wants to go to heaven but nobody wants to die - Megger – Evershed - 1905
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
50
100
150
200
250
Voltage in Volts
Pow
er in
Wat
ts
Voltage Vs Power Characteristics
1400 W/Sq.M
1600 W/Sq.M
1200 W/Sq.M1000 W/Sq.M
800 W/Sq.M
Constant Cell Temperature 25 deg Centigrade
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Voltage in Volts
Curr
ent i
n se
cs
Voltage Vs Current Characteristics
1600 W/Sq.M
1400 W/Sq.M
1200 W/Sq.M1000 W/Sq.M
800 W/Sq.M
Constant Cell Temperature of 25 deg Cent
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
CHARACTERISTICS OF PV CELL AT CONSTANTIRRADIANCE
Everything comes to him who waits -Ammeter – Edward Weston -1886
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Voltage in Volts
Pow
er In
Wat
ts
Voltage Vs Power Characteristics
50 deg c
75 deg c
100 deg c125 deg c
150 deg c
Constant Irradiance of 1200 W/Sq.M
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Voltage in Volts
Cur
rent
In A
mps
Voltage Vs Current Characteristics
50 deg C
75 deg C
100 deg C125 deg C
150 deg C
Constant Irradiance of 1200 W/Sq.M
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV cell Using Evolutionary Programming
Fish and guests smell after three days - Digital Multimeter –Fluke Electronics- 1969
Population Size : 40
Number of Iterations : 200
Number of Functional Evaluation : 8000
Mutation Scale :0.5
Control Variable Limits : [0 ,3.7]
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
The fitness function used here in the program is to minimize the value of Imax and
it is the function of irradiance and cell temperature.
IVPcTfIPI ,,,,max
The main objective of the EP is to minimize the above fitness function.
History repeats itself - Electrolytic capacitor- Julius Edgar-1928
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV cell Using Evolutionary Programming
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 1200
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4VI CHARACTERISTICS
Voltage in Volts
Curr
ent
in A
mps
1000 W & 25 deg C
1200 W & 25 deg C1200 W & 50 deg C
1400 W & 50 deg C
1400 W & 75 deg C
Newton RaphsonEvolutionary Programming
Real MPP
History repeats itself - Electrolytic capacitor- Julius Edgar-1928
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV cell Using Evolutionary Programming
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
50
100
150
200
250
300
350PV CHARACTERISTICS
Voltage in Volts
Pow
er
in W
att
s
1000 W & 25 deg C
1200 W & 25 deg C1200 W & 50 deg C
1400 W & 50 deg C
1400 W & 75 deg C
Newton RaphsonEvolutionary Programming
Real MPP
One can never consent to creep when one feels an impulse to soar – Electromagnetism –Maxwell-1865
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV cell Using Evolutionary Programming
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
--> No. of iterations
-->
Obje
ctive f
unction
Convergence Rate of the EP Algorithm
Value of Objective Function at Iteration
History repeats itself - Electrolytic capacitor- Julius Edgar-1928
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV cell Using Evolutionary Programming
Summary of Simulation results of different algorithmsWeather Conditions Rapson (NR) Evolutionary
Programming (EP)Real Maximum
Power Point% Error of Pmp
Irradiance in
W/Sq.m
Tempin deg
C
Vmp
(Volts)
Imp
(Amps)
Pmp
(Watts)
Vmp
(Volts)
Imp
(Amps)
Pmp
(Watts)
Vmp
(Volts)
Imp
(Amps)
Pmp
(Watts)
EP NR
1000 25 69.60 2.48 173.07 70.31 2.46 173.19 70.41 2.45 173.19 0 6.62e-41200 25 70.02 2.98 208.73 70.68 2.95 208.85 70.61 2.95 208.85 0 5.65e-41200 50 77.58 3.06 238.14 78.28 3.04 238.26 78.20 3.04 238.26 0 5.25e-41400 50 77.90 3.57 278.71 78.55 3.54 278.84 78.49 3.55 278.84 0 4.54e-41400 70 85.64 3.68 315.22 86.32 3.65 315.35 86.35 3.65 315.35 0 4.27e-4
Modes of operation
Circuit implementation
Single Stage Boost Inverter
Don’t sit like a rock work like a clock- Fluorescent Lamp –Edmund Germer - 1926
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Modeling of Single Stage Boost Inverter
CBAVV
RC
VL
V
C
iL
V
V
i
RCC
LL
R
dt
dVdt
di in
L
L
aL
form theof isequation above The
11
1
11
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
111
11
1
1
One today is worth than two tomorrows- Fuel Cell- Francis Thomas Bacon -1932
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Modeling of Single Stage Boost Inverter
switches of status theis Where
1100
100
0011
001
12
1
2
11
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
122
22
111
11
2
2
1
1
RC
VL
VRC
VL
V
C
iL
VC
iL
V
V
i
V
i
RCC
LL
RRCC
LL
R
dt
dVdt
didt
dVdt
di
in
in
L
L
L
L
a
a
L
L
Similarly we can write the state space equations when switches S3 and S4
are switched and the total state space equation is given by
A great talker is a great liar - Hall Effect- Edwin Hall -1879
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Simulation ResultsWith Constant Irradiance and Temperature
A man is as old as he feels - Hybrid Vehicle –Ferdinand Porsche-1899
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Time in secs
Volta
ge in
Vol
ts
Output Voltage
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
0.07 0.075 0.08 0.085
-100
0
100
FFT window: 1 of 18 cycles of selected signal
Time (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160
20
40
60
80
100
120
Harmonic order
Fundamental (60Hz) = 182 , THD= 5.32%
Mag
(%
of
Fun
dam
enta
l)
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Simulation ResultsWith Constant Irradiance and Temperature Continues….
Be willing to accept temporary inconvenience for permanent improvement- Logic gates-Charles Babbage -1837
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12100
150
200
250
300
350
Time in secs
Vol
tage
in V
olts
Voltage across Capacitor 1
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12100
150
200
250
300
350
Time in secs
Vol
tage
in V
olts
Voltage across Capacitor 2
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
Time in Secs
Curr
ent
in A
mps
Current Through Inductor 1
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
Time in Secs
Curr
ent
in A
mps
Current Through Inductor 2
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PV panel voltageOutput voltage
Simulation ResultsWith Variable Irradiance and Constant Temperature
Volt
ag
e (
V)
Time (sec)
Believing in yourself is the first step to success- Neon Lamp –Georges Claude-1910
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.373.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
76
76.5
77
77.5
Time in Secs
Vol
tage
in V
olts
PV cell output voltage for Different values of Irradiance
G=1000 W/sq.M G=1000 W/sq.M
G=700 W/sq.M G=700 W/sq.M
G=500 W/sq.M
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Simulation ResultsWith Variable Irradiance and Constant Temperature Continues…
Capacitor voltage
Time (sec)
Volt
ag
e (
V)
Inductor current
Time (sec)C
urr
en
t (A
)
A hungry man is an angry man -Pager-Al Gross-1949
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PI Controller Fed Single Stage Boost Inverter
Discretion is the better part of valor -Piezoelectricity-Pierre Curie-1880
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Output voltage
Input voltageTime (sec)
Volt
ag
e (
V)
Time (sec)
Volt
ag
e (
V)
Simulation of PI Controller With Constant Irradiance and Temperature
Lightning never strikes twice in the same place -Relay-Joseph Henry-1835
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Simulation ResultsWith Variable Irradiance and Constant Temperature
PV panel voltage Output voltage
S=500W/sq.m
S=1000W/sq.m
Time (sec)
Volt
ag
e (
V)
Time (sec)
Volt
ag
e (
V)
Money makes the world go round - Thermo Electricity –Thomson Johann Seebeck-1821
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Sliding Mode Controller
When good transient response of the output voltage is needed, a sliding surface equation in the state space, expressed by a linear combination of state-variable errors (defined by difference to the references variables), can be given by
I
0, 221111 KKViS L
where coefficients K1and K2 are proper gains, is the feedback current error, and is the feedback voltage error, or
12
0, 121111
12
11
refLrefLL
ref
LrefL
VVKiiKViS
VV
ii
The system response is determined by the circuit parameters and coefficients K1and K2 . With a proper selection of these coefficients in any operating condition, high control robustness, stability, and fast response can be achieved.
Never judge a book by its cover - Radio Guglielmo-1901
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Sliding mode controller scheme
Sliding Mode Controller Continued….
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today - Remote Control –Nikola Tesla-1898
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Simulation Results for Sliding Mode Controller With Variable Irradiance
PV panel voltage
No one can make you feel inferior without your consent –Regenerative Circuit-Edwin Armstrong-1914
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.573.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
76
76.5
77
77.5
Time in secs
Volta
ge in
Vol
ts
PV Output Voltage For different irradiance
G=500W/sq.M
G=1000W/sq.M
0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.5-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Time in secs
Volta
ge in
Vol
ts
Output Voltage (PV) Sliding Mode Control
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Simulation Results for Sliding Mode Controller With Variable Irradiance
continues….
Opportunity never knocks twice at any man's door - Electron –Joseph John –Thomson-1897.
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Time in secs
Vol
tage
in V
olts
Output voltage across capacitors
Capacitor 1
Capacitor 2
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Time in secs
Indu
ctor
Cur
ents
in A
mps
Inductor Currents in Amps
Inductor 1
Inductor 2
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Simulation Results for Sliding Mode Controller With Variable Irradiance
continues….
Practice makes perfect -Fax Machine-Alexander Bain-1842
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
-400
-200
0
200
Selected signal: 18 cycles. FFT window (in red): 1 cycles
Time (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160
20
40
60
80
100
120
Harmonic order
Fundamental (60Hz) = 185.4 , THD= 1.20%
Mag
(%
of
Fun
dam
enta
l)
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Simulation Results for Sliding Mode Controller With Variable Temperature
continues….
Seeing is believing -Electro Magnet-William Sturgeon-1825
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Time in secs
Volta
ge in
Vol
ts
PV ouput Voltage For different Temperatures(Sliding Mode Control)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.356
58
60
62
64
66
68
Time in secs
Volta
ge in
Vol
ts
PV ouput for different Cell Temperatures
T=75 deg C
T=100 deg C
T=75 deg C
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Simulation Results for Sliding Mode Controller With Variable Temperature
continues….
Set a thief to catch a thief -Transistor-Brattain Walter-1947
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Time in secs
Vol
tage
in V
olts
Capacitor Voltages
Capacitor 1
Capacitor 2
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.30
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Time in secs
Vol
tage
in V
olts
RMS Value of Output Voltage ( Sliding Mode control)
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Controller Output THD Settling time Input condition
Atmospheric condition
Open loop AC with constant RMS ≈ 5 ≈0.01 s Constant Vph and Iph
Constant irradiation (G) and temperature (T)
Open loop AC with changing RMS ≈9 ≈0.01 s Varying Vph and Iph
Varying G / T
PI AC with almost constant RMS ≈2 ≈0.005s Varying Vph and Iph
Varying G / T
SMC AC with constant RMS ≈1.5 ≈0.002s Varying Vph and Iph
Varying G / T
Comparisons
Attack is the best form of defence -Darlington Pair-Darlington Sidney-1953
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Conclusions
•Simple and reliable operation
•The cost of this inverter is relatively low as minimum number of power devices are used
•Closed loop controlling improves the reliability and dynamic stability
•Closed loop controlling using MPPT is simple and more reliable compared to all other controllers
Ask no questions and hear no lies -Hysterisis- Ewing James Alferd-1890
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
Success is a journey, Which has no Destination
THANK YOU
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING
Reading is an adventure that never ends
0
0ln
c ph cc s c
AkT I I IV R I
e I
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies
Where:
( )ocT oc v x cV V k T T
x scT xI I Sln
Voc VocscT sVt Vt
t
I R
Vx s x x sc
xsc
I R I e I e I e
VI
D x ct
A kT nV
e
Vmpp=33.7V
Impp=3.56
Voc=42.1
Isc=3.87
nc=72
ki=0.065 x 10-2 %/0C
kv=-160 x 10-3 %/0C
kp=-0.5 x 10-2 %/0C
Temperature and Irradiance Dependence
Datasheet values
Knowledge is the antidote to fear
Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE
2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies
CHARACTERISTICS OF PV CELL AT CONSTANTCELL TEMPERATURE
Look at your strengths and not your weaknesses
S= 500
S= 1000
S= 700
2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies
S= 500
S= 1000
S= 700
CHARACTERISTICS OF PV CELL AT CONSTANTCELL TEMPERATURE
Success is a journey, Which has no Destination2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies
CHARACTERISTICS OF PV CELL AT CONSTANTIRRADIANCE
The race of quality has no finish line
T= 25
T= 40
T= 60
2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies
CHARACTERISTICS OF PV CELL AT CONSTANTIRRADIANCE
What you do today is getting you closer to what you want to be tomorrow
T= 25
T= 40
T= 60
2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies
Simulation ResultsWith Constant Irradiance and Temperature
Output voltage THD of output voltageTime (sec)
Volt
ag
e (
V)
Success is a journey, Which has no Destination
2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies
Capacitor voltage Inductor current
Simulation ResultsWith Constant Irradiance and Temperature Continues….
Time (sec)
Volt
ag
e (
V)
Time (sec)C
urr
en
t (A
)
Be willing to accept temporary inconvenience for permanent improvement
2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies