Post on 07-Feb-2016
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A Tool for Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services in Flanders
Sara Ochelen – Flemish Ministry of Environment, Nature and Energy
Biodiversity in a changing World 8-9 September Ghent
Cost benefit analysis for better informed decisions• Intended new policy or new project• Society better off with or without? A or B?• Cost Benefit Analysis: all welfare effects, in EUR.• Better informed decisions IF also impacts on
ecosystems included.• Need to quantify the impact on ecosystem and to
price the change in the services they deliver.• No figures for impacts on ecosystems available.• Team of economists and ecologists filled this gap:
VITO, University of Antwerp, Free University of Amsterdam.
• Toolkit for valuation of ESS.
Biodiversity in a changing World 8-9 September Ghent
Cultural and regulating services• Cultural ecosystem services:
• Value of recreation (use);• Value of existence and preserving nature for future generations
(non-use).
• Regulating services:• Nutrient removal and stock of N & P;• Climate regulation by C-capture in biomass and soil;• Improving air quality by capturing polluents as PM10;
• Noise buffer by forests.
Tool: handbook and supporting on-line calculator for valuation of ecosystem services.
Biodiversity in a changing World 8-9 September Ghent
Value of cultural services
• No prices economic valuation techniques.• Expensive and time consuming.• We want ready-to-use formula for many cases.• Valuation function developed with empirical data.• Reveal value of people by asking them questions.• Choice experiment: sophisticated questionnaire:
multiple pretests, representative sample, rigourous statistical analysis of results…
• Interviewed 3000 people in Flanders with choice cards.
Biodiversity in a changing World 8-9 September Ghent
Choice cards to reveal WTP
Biodiversity in a changing World 8-9 September Ghent
Valuation function
• All answers pooled: wealth of information about preferences of people for nature.
WTP of average household in function of: nature characteristics, population characteristics and distance.
• Forest > heath land > natural grassland.• Available trails > no trails.• Members NGO > non members.• Close to home > far away.
0
40
80
120
160
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
afstand van de woning tot het gebied
WTP
in €
Biodiversity in a changing World 8-9 September Ghent
Apply valuation function to new nature in region of Antwerp “Opstalvallei”
Berendrecht
Biodiversity in a changing World 8-9 September Ghent
Apply valuation function to new nature in region of Antwerp “Opstalvallei”
• Area of 190 ha agricultural land.• Compensation area for Masterplan Port Antwerp.• To be transformed in new nature: wetlands and
grasslands, with high biodiversity.• Accessible for recreation.• Adjecent land use: industry, buildings and nature.• 1 million households living in area 50 km.
Total cultural value: € 170 million/year
Biodiversity in a changing World 8-9 September Ghent
Value of regulating services
Change in quantity x price
Δ ton CO2 in soilΔ kg PM in airΔ decibel in housesΔ kg N in water …
50 €/ton CO2 (international literature)30 €/kg PM (health costs)1% house value/dB (house depreciation)74 €/kg N (marginal abatement cost) …
Biodiversity in a changing World 8-9 September Ghent
Regulating service water purification
Quantity x Price = € 3,8 million
Marginale kostencurve (Nt)
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Reductie Nt emissies naar oppervlaktewater (%)
Mar
gina
le k
ostp
rijs
(€/k
g)
BasismaatregelenInzaaien wintergroenbedekker
Voederefficiëntie bij varkens
BemestingsadviesHoogproductieve melkkoeien
Verbeteren van rendement van RWZI's
Toepassen van ERSA normen voor bedrijfslozingen
Afbouw pluimvee
Verdere uitbouw van collectieve saneringsinfrastructuur in goedkope clusters van buitengebied
Verdere uitbouw van collectieve saneringsinfrastructuur in minder goedkope clusters van buitengebied
Voederefficiëntie overige veestapel
Verlagen van bemestingsnorm 170kg dierlijk N/ha + Afbouw overige veestapel
Aanleg van IBA's in buitengebied
Verdere uitbouw van collectieve saneringsinfrastructuur in dure clusters van buitengebied
Uitbouw van saneringsinfrastructuur door uitvoering van bijkomende opgedragen bovengemeentelijke projecten
Cost curve N-removal
Additional 51.660 kg N
times 74 €/kg N
Change in denitrification potential
= 3,8 € million
Biodiversity in a changing World 8-9 September Ghent
Conclusions
• Tool available for Flanders to quantify multiple ecosystem benefits and to express them in money terms.
• Enables summing up and comparing value new nature or destroyed nature with other benefits and costs in CBA.
• Tool supplied to potential users on voluntary basis.• Hope to include ecosystem valuation in compulsary CBA
guidelines for infrastructure.• Remaining challenges concerning quantification and data
availability and quality. • Nevertheless: step forward for better informed decisions
on measures or projects with impacts on ecosystems.
Biodiversity in a changing World 8-9 September Ghent
Thank you for your attention!
for more information:
Sara.Ochelen@lne.vlaanderen.beTanya.Cerulus@lne.vlaanderen.beInge.Liekens@vito.be
http://milieueconomie.lne.be