A Treatise on Archery or the Art of Shooting with the Longbow

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r h eN e wY o r kP u b l i cL i b r a r yf , *

A > A U LH .G O R D O NC o l l e c t i o no fB o o k so nA r c h e r y

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I 4 V

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• t f S f

R C H E R YO R ,T H E

A R TO FS H O O T I N GW I T HT H E- .

L O N GB O WC o n t a i n i n ge v e r yr e q u i s i t et oo b t a i na c o m p l e t eK n o w l e d g e o ft h a i

N o b l eH e a p o n ,c o n s i d e r e da sa nI n s t r u m e n to fA m u s e m e n t:

L I K E W I S E

AD i s s e r t a t i o no nt h e S t e e lC r o s sB o w ,w i t hd i r e c t i o n sf o ru s i n gi t ;

T OW H I C HI SA D D E D ,

A S u m m a r ys k e t c ho fI m w sf o rA r c h e r s—W i t hm a n yo t h e rO b s e r v a t i o n sa n dI n s t r u c t i o n s .

—0 0 0—k t F O U R T HE D I T I O N .

y 0 0 0—

B yT H O M A SW A R I N G

S O L DO N L YB YH I M ,A TH I S

C A R O L I N ES T R E E T ,B E D F O R DS Q U A R E ,

1 8 2 2 .

8/20/2019 A Treatise on Archery or the Art of Shooting with the Longbow

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T B SN E WY « R KP U B L I CL I B f i A R Y

3 9 2 9 2 5 RA 9 T 0 B ,L B N O XA N D

T I I A M WF O U N D A T I O N Sa m i i

T .I fS .B a t e s ,P r i n t e r s ,4 8 ,H t n v U m dS t r e e t .

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I N T R O D U C T I O

I n o f f e r i n gt h i ss m a l lw o r kt ot h el o v e r so fA r c h e r yt h eA u t h o ra t t e m p t sn o tt oi n t r o d u c ea n yn e wi d e at ot h e i rn o t i c e; h i ss o l em o t i v ef o rw r i t i n gt h i ss h o r tt r e a t i s e ,i s , f o rt h ee x p r e s sp u r p o s eo f i n s t r u c t i n

y o u n gA r c h e r si n t h ep r a c t i c a lp a r to fA r c h e r y ;f o ra l t h o u g hm a n yb o o k sh a v eb e e nw r o t eu p o nt h i s a r t ,n oa u t h o rh a sy e tc o n d e s c e n d e dt oe m p l o yh i s t a l e n tu p o nw h a ti s t h o u g h tb yt h ee x p e r i e n c e dA r c h e ra st r i f l i n g: i ft h e r e f o r et h i ss h o u l de v e rf a l lu n d e rh i s

e y e ,l e th i mn o tt r e a ti t w i t h c o n t e m p t ,b u tt r a n s f e ri t t o o n el e s se x p e r i e n c e d .A na u t h o ri s s e l d o ms of o r t u n a t et ob eu n d e r s t o o db yh i sr e a d e r sw h e ne xp r e s s i n gh i si d e a si nw r i t i n g ,s ow e l la sw h e np e r s o na l l ya d d r e s s i n gh i m s e l ft o t h e m ,b u te v e r yt h i n g

c o n t a i n e di nt h e s ef e wp a g e s ,i t i sh o p e dw i l lb ef o u n ds oe x p l i c i ta n dc l e a r ,t h a ti fr e a d w i t ha n yd e g r e eo fa t t e n t i o n ,n e e d n of u r t h e re x p l a n a t i o n .

T h el e a r n e ri s r e q u e s t e dw h e nh et a k e su p t h eB o wf o rt h ep u r p o s eo fp r o f i t i n gf r o mt h i sw o r k ,t op a u s ea t t h ee n do fe v e r ys e n t e n c e ,r e m e m b e r i n gt h a te a c hi s i na m a n n e ra l e s s o no fi t s e l f ;e v e r yt r i f l i n gp aJ c u l a ri s i n s e r t e d ,a st h ev e r yl e a s tt h i n gi s t o al e a r n e rw o r t h yo fn o t i c e ,

A 2

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4T h e r en e v e rw a sa m i s t a k e nn o t i o nm o r ep r e v a l e

t h a nt h a tt h eB o wi s t o os i m p l et or e q u i r ea n ys t u d yb u ts i m p l ea si t m a ya p p e a r ,i t w i l lb e f o u n dt h a tw i t h o u ta t h e o r e t i c a lk n o w l e d g e ,t h ep r a c t i c a lp a r tn e v e rc a nb eo b t a i n e d ,a n ds o m a n yi n c o n v e n i ea r i s et oa p e r s o na t t e m p t i n go n ew i t h o u th a v i n ga cq u i r e dt h e o t h e r ,t h a th es o o ng r o w sd i s g u s t e db e c a u sn o ta b l et o o v e r c o m ei t : i t i s t h e s ed i f f i c u l t i e st h a tt h ea u t h o rw i s h e st or e m o v e ,b yp o i n t i n go u tt o t h el e a r n e ra p r o p e rm e t h o dt op u r s u e ,f o rm a n yt h i n k i ni t t o oi n s i g n i f i c a n ta sn o tw o r t h ya m o m e n t ss t u d y ,

a d o p t ,w h a tt h e i ro w ni d e a s s u g g e s t ,a n db yt h a t ,f a l li n t os u c hb a dh a b i t sa s t o b r e a kB o wa f t e rB o w ,t i l la tl a s tt h e yg e td i s h e a r t e n e df r o mp u r s u i n gt h ea m u s em e n ta n yf u r t h e r ,a n dl a yi t a s i d ea l t o g e t h e r a sa p p e a ri n gt o t h e mt r i f l i n ga n dc h i l d i s h ,a n di n t h ee n d

e x p e n s i v e .H o wa n y o n ec o u l de v e rt h i n k t h ea m u s em e n to ft h el o n gB o wa sc h i l d i s h ,c a no n l yb ef r o mt h er e c o l l e c t i o n t h a ti tw a so n c eh i sj u v e n i l er e c r e a t i oa n ds u p p o s i n gn og r e a t e rf e a t sc a nb ep e r f o r m e db ya m a n l y w e a p o n ,t h a nw a sd o n eb ya b o y i s hp l a y t h i n

b u ts u p p o s i n gh i sc o n t e m p to f t h eB o wi s f o u n d eu p o nt h a ti d e aa l o n e ,i t c a n n o tj u s t i f yh i mf o r t h es l u rh e t h r o w su p o na l lt h el o v e r so f A r c h e r y ,a n dt h o s e n o ta f e w; f o rt r a v e li n t oa n yp a r t o ft h eG l o b ea n dh ew i l ld i s c o v e rt h a ti t i s ,o rh a sb e e nt h ea m u s em e n to f t h en o b l e sa n ds o v e r e i g n so f e v e r yn a t i o na n di s t h eg e n e r a la m u s e m e n to fm a n yE a s t e r nC o u nt r i e st ot h i sd a y; b u tt h el o n gB o wn e e dn o tt r a v e lo u to f t h i sk i n g d o mt o o b t a i nh o n o u r s ,f o ri t h a s

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5r e c e i v e ds u f f i c i e n tt os t a m pi t sf a m eb o t ha sa ni n s t r u

m e n to fw a ra n da m u s e m e n ti n i t sn a t i v es o i l; b u ta tp r e s e n ti t m u s tb ec o n f e s s e dt h a tt h e i n h a b i t a n to fT u r k e y ,P e r s i a ,I n d i a ,a n do fv a r i o u so t h e rc o u n t r i e sf a re x c e lt h eb e s to fE n g l i s hA r c h e r s ,a n dt h er e a s o ni s i j b v i o u s , w a n to fp r a c t i c e .A n o v i c e w i t n e s

t h e % e r f o r m a n c eo fa nu n s k i l f u lA r c h e r ,w o n d e r sh o wa m a nc a na m u s eh i m s e l fw i t hw h a th e r e m e m b e rw a so n l yl o o k e du p o na ts c h o o la sa t o y; b u tw h e nh eb e h o l d st h es h o o t i n go f a ne x p e r tA r c h e r ,a n di ss h e w nt h es t r e n g t ha n dp o w e r so f t h eB o w ,h i sw o n

d e rc h a n g e st o t h eo p p o s i t es i d e ,a n dh e a d m i r e sw i t hd e l i g h tw h a th eb e f o r et r e a t e dw i t hc o n t e m p t .

A st h eu s eo fa r m si s u n i v e r s a l l ya l l o w e dt ob ea nh o n o r a b l ep r o f e s s i o n ,w h ys h o u l d n o tt h ep u r s u i to fa na m u s e m e n tf o u n d e du p o nt h a tw a r l i k ew e a p o n ,

p r e c e d e db yt h e p r e s e n t ,b ed e e m e dl i k e w i s eh o n o ra b l e; a n dw h e ni t i s r e c o l l e c t e dt h a tt h ed e e d sa c h i e v e db y o u rf o r e - f a t h e r s ,w h i c hs e c u r e dt oE n g l a n di t sp r e s e n ti n d e p e n d a n c ew a sw i t ht h eB o w;

i t c a n n o tb ed e n i e db u tt h a ti t i s t h en o b l e s ta m u s em e n t ,a n di n i t s a d m i r e r s ,s e e m i n gt o d r a wf o r t hat r i b u t eo fg r a t i t u d ef o rp a s ts e r v i c e s :b e t h i sa si tw i l l ,i t w a si uf o r m e rt i m e st h o u g h to fs u c hi m p o r ta n c ea st ob e c o m et h eo b j e c to ft h el e g i s l a t u r e ' sc a r e ;m a n ya c t so fp a r l i a m e n th a v i n ga t v a r i o u sp e r i o d sb e e nf r a m e di ns u p p o r to f i t , l o n ga f t e ri t w a sl a i da s i d ea sa w e a p o no fw a r ,a n dw h i c he v e nw e n ts of a ra s t o c o m p e le v e r ym a n ,e x c e p tt h ec l e r g ya n dt h ej u d g e st op r a c t i s es h o o t i n g ,a n dt oh a v ec o n t i n u

A 3

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6a l l yi n h i sp o s s e s s i o na B o wa n da t l e a s tt h r e eA r

r o w s :t h e C i t yo f L o n d o nw a so b l i g e db yo t h e ra c t st oe r e c tb u t t sa u dk e e pt h e mi nr e p a i r .E d w a r dI I I .w r o t et o t h es h e r i f f sc o m m a n d i n

t os e et h a tt h ep e o p l el a i da s i d et h eg a m e st h e yt h e np r a c t i s e d ,w h i c hh ec u l l e dd i s h o n e s ta n du n p r o f i t a ba n de x e r c i s et h e m s e l v e sw i t hB o w sa n dA r r o w s ;a n di n1 4 9 8m a n yg a r d e n sw e r el e v e l l e da n d ,m a d ei n t oo n ef i e l d ,f o rt h eu s eo f t h eL o n d o nA r c h e r s ,w h i c hi s n o wt h ea r t i l l e r yg r o u n d .I n 1 5 1 4t h ei n h a b i t ao fI s l i n g t o n ,H o x t o n , a n dS h o r e d i t c b ,h a v i n ge n c l o st h ef i e l d sw h i c hh a db e e na p p r o p r i a t e df o rt h ee x e rc i s eo fA r c h e r y ,i n t og a r d e n s ,t h ec i t i z e n so fL o n d oa s s e m b l e di n g r e a tn u m b e r s ,a n dw i t hs p a d e sa n dp i c k - a x e sl e v e l l e dt h eb a n k sa n dd i t c h e s ,a n dr e s t o r et h eg r o u n d st ot h e i rf o r m e rs t a t e .H e n r yV I I I .w a sp a r t i c u l a r l yf o n d o fA r c h e r y ,a n d c o m m i s s i oS i rC h r i s t o p h e rM o r r i s ,m a s t e ro ft h eo r d i n a n c e ,t or e \ i v et h ea m u s e m e n to fA r c h e r y ,w h i c ha t t h a tt i m ew a sr a t h e rd r o o p i n g ,b ye s t a b l i s h i n ga s o c i e t yo fA r c h e rw h i c hw a sc a l l e d , T h eF r a t e r n i t yo f S t .G e o r g ew h oo b t a i n e da c h a r t e rf r o mt h ek i n gw i t hm a n yp r i v i l e g e s ,i n w h i ^ hw a st h i sr e m a r k a b l ep a s s a g e :— T h a ti f a n y A r c h e rk i l l e da m a nh ec o u l dn o tb es u e do ra n y w a y sm o l e s t e d ,i f h eh a db t f o r eh es h o tc a l l e do u t F a s t a w o r dc o m m o na t t h a tt i m e .

A r c h e r yw a ss om u c ha p p r o v e do fa sa b o d i l ye x

e r c i s eb yB i s h o pL a t i m e r ,t h a th ee v e np r e a c h eas e r m o ni nf a v o ro fi t b e f o r eE d w a r dV I .

* S u c ha sb a w l i n gs t o n e s ,w o o d ,a n di r o n; s o m ei nh a n d - b af o o t - b a l l ,b a n d y - b a l l ,a n dc o c k - f i g h t i n g .

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I nt h e r e i g no fQ u e e nE l i z a b e t h ,w h e nA r c h e r yw a s

a g a i nd e c l i n i n g ,t h eB o w - m a k e r sp e t i t i o n e dt h eQ u e e nf o ra u t h o r i t yt o p u tt h ea c t so f H e n r yV I I I .i n f o r c e ,b yw h i c ht h e yo b l i g e d e v e r ym a nw h oh a dn o ta B o wa n dt h r e eA r r o w si n h i sp o s s e s s i o nt o p r o v i d e h i m sa c c o r d i n g l y: i ft h eB o w - m a k e r so f t h ep r e s e n ta g ec o u l da g a i n e n f o r c et h ea c t ,t h e ym i g h tr a i s ea s u mt h a tw o u l dg on i g ht op a yt h ed e b to ft h en a t i o n .

I nt h et i m eo fJ a m e sI . t h ei n h a b i t a n t sr o u n dL o nd o n , a g a i nb e g a nt oe n c r o a c hu p o nt h eg r o u n d sb el o n g i n gt o t h eL o n d o nA r c h e r s; a n du p o nt h ec i t i z e n sp e t i t i o n i n gt h eK i n ga g a i n s ts u c hp r o c e e d i n g s ,h e

g r a n t e da c o m m i s s i o nt o a g r e a tm a n yp e r s o n s o fq u a l i t y ,e m p o w e r i n gt h e mt oe n q u i r ei n t ot h eg r i e v a nc e sc o m p l a i n e do f ,a n di f t r u e ,t o r e s t o r et h eg r o u n d st o t h es t a t et h e yw e r ei n a t t h eb e g i n n i n go f t h e

r e i g no fH e n r yV I I I .

A f t e rt h er e s t o r a t i o n ,A r c h e r yb e c a m ea g a i nt h eg e n e r a la m u s e m e n t .C h a r l e sI I . h i m s e l ft o o ks u c hd e l i g h ti n i t ,t h a th ee v e nk n i g h t e da m a nf o re x c e l l i n ga ne x c e l l e n ts h o t , *w h o s ep o r t r a i ti s i n t h ep o s s e s s i oo ft h eT o x o p h i l i t eS o c i e t y .A f t e rt h ed e a t ho fC h a r l e si t a g a i nd e c l i n e d ,a n dw a sc o n f i n e di np r a c t i c et oaf e wc o u n t r i e so n l y ,t i l la b o u tf o r t yy e a r sa g o ,w h e ni t

w a sr e v i v e dw i t hi n c r e a s e ds p l e n d o rt h r o u g h o ue v e r y p a r to fE n g l a n d ,a s w i l la p p e a rb yt h en u m b e ro fs o c i e t i e st h a tw e r ei n s t i t u t e dt m a n yo fw h i c he x i s ta n dc o n t i n u et h e i ry e a r l ya n dm o n t h l ym e e t i n g st o

t h i sd a y .• S i rW i l l i a mW o o d .t S e ep a g e6 6 .

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8A sa na m u s e m e n t ,A r c h e r yh a st h e s ea d v a n t a g e

o y e ra l lo t h e r s ,w h i c hi s n o to n l ya p p r o v e do f b y o u r

a b l e s tp h y s i c i a n s ,b u ts t r o n g l yr e c o m m e n d e db yt h e ma sb e i n gt h em o s th e a l t h ye x e r c i s ea m a nc a np u r s u e ,s t r e n g t h e n i n ga n db r a c i n gt h eb o d i l yf r a m e ,w i t h o u tt h a tl a b o r i o u se x e r t i o nc o m m o nt om a n yg a m e s ,e v e r yn e r v ea n ds i n e w b e i n gr e g u l a r l yb r o u g h ti n t op l a y

w i t h o u tt h e | d a n g e ro fb e i n ge x p o s e dt o t h o s ea l t e rn a t eh e a t sa n dc o l d si n c i d e n tt o m a n yd i v e r s i o n s ,a si l lc r i c k e t ,t e n n i s , c .

O nS i rW i l l i a mW o o d ' sT o m bS t o n ew e r et h e s et w ol i n e s:

L o n gd i dh el i v et h eh o n o ro ft h eB o w ,A n dh i sl o n gl i f et ot h a ta l o n ed i do w e .

A r c h e r yi s a na m u s e m e n tw h i c hs t e a l s( i f i t m a yb es oe x p r e s s e d , )u p o na m a n ' sa f f e c t i o n s ,a n do f t e nm a k e sh i mp e r f o r mm o r et h a nh e t h i n k si s i n h i sp o w e r ,f o rm a n ya nA r c h e rw h ow o u l dn o tu n d e r t a k et o w a l kf i v em i l e si n a j o u r n e y ,h a sw a l k e ds i x a tt h et a r g e t s; f o ri ns h o o t i n gf o r t y - e i g h tt i m e su p t oo n et a r g e t ,a n df o r t y - e i g h tt i m e sb a c ka g a i nt ot h eo t h e r ,( t h en u m b e ro f r o u n d st h eT o x o p h i l i t

S o c i e t ys h o o to n g r a n dd a y s , )b e s i d e sw a l k i n gt o t h eA r r o w ss h o tb e y o n dt h et a r g e t s ,w h i c hu p o na r e a s o na b l ec a l c u l a t i o n ,m a yb e r e c k o n e df i v ey a r d se a c ht i m e ,a n dt h a tf i v eb a c ka g a i n ,m a k e sn i n e t y - s i xt i m e so n eh u n d r e da n dt e ny a r d s , w h i c hi s e x a c t l ys i xm i l e s .

A n o t h e ra d v a n t a g ea t t e n d i n gt h e a m u s e m e n to fA r c h e r y ,i s ,t h a ti t i s e q u a l l yo p e nt o t h ef a i rs e x ,

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9w h i c hh a sf o rt h e s el a s tf o r t yy e a r sb e e nt h et h ef a v o r i t e

r e c r e a t i o no fa g r e a tp a r to fo u rf e m a l en o b i l i t y; t h eo n l yf i e l dd i v e r t i o nt h e yc a ne n j o y ,w i t h o u ti n c u r r i n gt h e c e n s u r eo f b e i n gt h o u g h tm a s c u l i n e: i t w i l lb en e e d l e s sX oe n u m e r a t et h em a n ya d v a n t a g e sr e c e i v e di n p u r s u i n gt h i sa m u s e m e n t; t h o s ew h oh a v et r i e d ,d o

n o tr e q u i r ea n yf u r t h e re n c o m i u mi ns u p p o r to f i t ,t h a nw h a tt h e i ro w ne x p e r i e n c eh a sa l r e a d yc o nv i n c e dt h e mo f .

I t n o t b e i n gt h ea u t h o r ' si n t e n t i o nt o s w e l lt h i sp a m p h l e tb e y o n d w h a ti s a b s o l u t e l yn e c e s s a r y ,h em u s tr e f e rt h e mt o a w o r kl a t e l yp u b l i s h e d ,e n t i t l e d , T h eE n g l i s hB o w m a n ,i n w h i c hh ew i l ln o to n l ym e e tw i t hf u r t h e ri n s t r u c t i o n ,b u tl i k e w i s ed e r i v eg r e a te n t e r t a i n m e n t .

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T H E

R TO F R C H E R

H o wt oB e n dt h eB o w .

T H Ef i r s tt h i n gn e c e s s a r yt o l e a r n ,i s t ok n ow h i c hw a yt h eB o ws h o u l db e b e n t; n o tk n o w it h i sp r o p e r l y ,i s t h er e a s o nt h a ti t i s s o m e t ib r o k eb y b e g i n n e r si n t h ea t t e m p to n l yt os t r i ni t :—P u ta B o wi n t ot h eh a n d so f ap e r s o nw h on e v e rs a wo n e ,a n dh ec a n n o tt a k eh o l do fa ni n s t r um e n tt h a tw i l lm o r ep e r l e xh i mt o u s er i g h t l y ,s i m pa si t a p p e a r s .

F e m a l eA r c h e r sw i l lp l e a s et oo b s e r v e ,t h a tt h ef o l l o w i n gi n s t r u c t i o n s ,t h o u g ha d d r e s s e dt o g e n t l em e n ,a r ee q u a l l ya p p l i c a b l et o t h e m .

O b s e r v e—T h ef l a tp a r to ft h eB o wi s t h eo u t s i dc a l l e dt h eb a c k .

T h er o u n dp a r ti s t h ei n s i d e—a n dc a l l e dt h eb e l l yT h er o u n ds i d ei s a l w a y st o b eb e n ti n w a r d so r

t o w a r d st h es t r i n g .T ob e n di t t h er e r e i s ew a yw i l lb r e a ki t i n s t a n t l

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1 1S a c k e dB o w sw h e nf i r s tm a n u f a c t u r e da r ep u ti n t o

a r e f l e x e df r a m e ,t h a tb y m a k i n g t h e mb e n da l i t t l e

b a c k w a r d ,m a yg i v et h e ma q u i c k e rc a s ti ns h o o t i n g:

i f t h e na b e g i n n e rs h o u l dh a v ea B o wt h a tb e n d sw i t ht h er o u n dp a r to u t w a r d s ,l e th i mn o ts u p p o s et h a ti t

i s t ob es t r u n gs o; b u tb ei t r e m e m b e r e d ,t h a ta B o w

h o w e v e rb e n tw h e nu n s t r u n g ,i s i n v a r i a b l yt o b e- s t r u n gw i t ht h er o u n dp a r ti n w a r d s .

T h el e a r n e rt h o r o u g h l yu n d e r s t a n d i n gt h i sp a r to fA r c h e r y ,m a yn o wa t t e m p tt os t r i n gt h eB o w ,w h i c hi n h i sh a n d sb e f o r e ,w o u l dh a v eb e e ni nd a n g e r .

T oS t r i n gt h eB o w .

T a k et h eB o wb yt h eh a n d l ei nt h er i g h th a n d .T h i sp a r tb y a y o u n gA r c h e ri s v e r ys o o nf o r g o t ,

w h ow i l lt a k eh o l do ft h eB o wc o n t i n u a l l ya b o v et h eh a n d l e ,i n s t e a do f t h eh a n d l ei t s e l f ,w h i c hi n j u r e si t

v e r ym u c h ,f o ra s i n t h eh a n d l eo ft h eB o wl i e st h ec e n t r eo f a c t i o n ,s o t h er e s i s t a n c et o e a c he n do ft h eB o wo u g h tt ob e f r o mt h a tc e n t r e .

R e m e m b e rt h e nt ot a k et h eB o wb yt h eh a n d l eo n l y .T h ef l a tp a r tt o w a r d sh i m .

T h er i g h tw r i s tt o r e s ta g a i n s th i ss i d e .P l a c et h el o w e re n do f t h eB o wo nt h eg r o u n d ,

a g a i n s tt h ei n s i d eo ft h er i g h tf o o t .T h el o w e re n do f t h eB o wh a sa l w a y st h es h o r t e s t

h o r n .

T u r nt h ef o o ta l i t t l ei n w a r dt op r e v e n tt h eB o ws l i p p i n g .

B r i n gt h el e f tf o o tn e a ra y a r df o r w a r d—T h er i g h tk n e em a yb eb e n t ,b u tt h el e f tm u s tb eq u i t es t r a i g h t .

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P l a c et h e c e n t r eo ft h el e f th a n dc l o s et ot h ew r i s tu p o nt h eu p p e rl i m bo f t h eB o w ,b e l o wt h e e y eo ft h es t r i n g . * • > . . .C < ,

T h et i po ft h et h u m bu p o no n ee d g eo f t h eB o wa n da k n u c k l eo ft h ef o r ef i n g e ru p o nt h eo t h e r .

W h e nt h ea b o v ei st h o r o u g h l yu n d e r s t o o d ,p u l lu pt h eB o wb r i s k l y ,w i t ht h er i g h th a n d ,a n dp r e s s t h eu p p el i m bd o w nw i t ht h el e f t ,s l i d i n gt h ew r i s ta t t h es a mt i m eu p w a r d st o w a r d st h eh o r n ,t i l lt h ee y e o ft h es t r i nf a l l si n t ot h en o c k ,[ s e ep l a t e1 ,f i g u r e1 . ]b e f o r et h el e f th a n di sr e m o v e d; b e s u r et h es t r i n gi s q u i t ei nt h en o c k .

I t s o m e t i m e sh a p p e n st h a tt h ee y eo f t h es t r i ng e t su n d e rt h et h u m ba n df i n g e r ,w h i c hm a k e si t

d i f f i c u l tt o p u s hi t s o f a ra st h en o c k ,b u ti f t h et h u m ba n dl i n g e rw e r ep r e s s e dr a t h e rh a r du p o nt h e

t w oe d g e so ft h eB o w ,t h es t r i n gc o u l dn o t t h e ns oe a s i l ys l i pu n d e r ,b u tm u s ts l i d eo nb e f o r et h e m .

I f t h i s i sa t t e n d e dt o ,t h e l e a r n e rw i t ha v e r yl i t t l e

p r a c t i c e ,w i l ls o o nb ea b l et o s t r i n gh i sB o w ,w h i ci s t h em o s tm a t e r i a lt h i n gi nA r c h e r y .

I f b e c a n n o ta t f i r s ta c c o m p l i s ht h es t r i n g i ni to f t e nd r a w sf r o mh h na r e m a r kt h a tt h eB o wi s t o os t r o n g ,b u th e r el e t i t b eo b s e r v e d ,t h a ti t i s n o ts om u c hs t r e n g t ht h a ti s r e q u i r e da s ak n a c k .

T h et h r e el a s tf i n g e r so ft h el e f th a n da r eo fn o

u t i l i t y ,a n dm a yt h e r e f o r eb es t r e t c h e do u t ,f o ri f t h e yf a l lt i n d e rt h es t r i n g ,a n di t s h o u l d n o tb ec a r r i ed i r e c t l yi n t ot h en o c ko f t h eB o w ,t h es t r i n gi nr et u r n i n gw i l lp i n c ht h ef i n g e r st os u c ha d e g r e e ,a st oc a u s ei f t h eB o wi s v e r ys t r o n g ,e x c r u c i a t i np a i n

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1 3

n o ri s t h i sa l l ,f o rt h e yc a n n o te x t r i c a t et h e m s e l v e su n l e s st h eB o wi s b e n ta g a i n ,w h i c hi s n o ta l w a y sv e r ye a s yt o b ed o n e ,

I t e r a c m b e rt h e nt o a v o i dt h i se v i l ,s t r e t c ht h eL i s tt h r e el i n g e r so u t , [ s e ep l a t e2 n d ,f i g u r e5 . ]

I f t h es t r i n g i n gi s n o td i r e c t l ya c c o m p l i s h e d ,t h e

p r a c t i t i o n e rs h o u l dn o tb e p r o m p t e db yi m p a t i e n c et op u r s u ea n ym e a n sc o n t r a r yt o t h er u l e sl a i dd o w n .

I f t h eB o wc a n n o tb e s t r u n ga f t e ra f e wm i n u t e st r i a l ,l e ti t b el a i da s i d ef o ra s h o r t t i m ea n dr e s u m e da g a i n .

T h ee x e r t i o no f s t r i n g i n g ,p a r t i c u l a r l yi f t h eB o wi s s t r o n g ,w i l ls o m e t i m e sf o r c e t h er i g h tf o o tf r o mi t s

s t a n d i n g ,t o p r e v e n tw h i c h ,p l a c et h ef o o ta g a i n s ta- w a l lo rs o m eo t h e ri m m o v e a b l et h i n g ,a n di f t h eB o wc a n n o tt h e nb es t r u n g ,l e ta n o t h e rp e r s o na s s i s th i m ,

b yd r a w i n gd o w nt h eu p p e rh o r n w i t hh i sf o r ef i n g e r ,t a k i n gc a r et o k e e pi t c l e a ro f t h en o c k: w i t ht h es t r e n g t ho f t w op e r s o n sc o m b i n e d ,t h eA r c h e rc a nh a r d l yf a i lo fs u c c e e d i n g .

B e f o r et h eB o wi s s t r u n g ,o b s e r v et h a tt h es t r i n gi s n o tt w i s t e dr o u n di t , a n dt h a tt h en o o s ei s i n t h ec e n t r eo f t h eh o r n ,a n dl i k e w i s ew h e ni t i s s t r u n g ,s e et h a tt h es t r i n gf r o mo n eh o r nt o t h eo t h e r ,r u n sp a r a l l e lw i t h t h ec e n t r eo f t l i eB o w ,w h i c hi f i t d o e sn o t ,b ys l a c k e n i n gt h es t r i n g ,t h et h u m bo r l i n g e rw i l lp l a c ei t i n i t sr i g h tp o s i t i o n .

T ou n s t r i n gt h eB o w .T h es a m ea t t i t u d ea n da c t i o na sd e s c r i b e di n t h e

s t r i n g i n g ,i s t o b e o b s e r v e di n t h eu n s t r i n g i n g ,w i t hB

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1 4t h i sd i f f e r e n c eo n l y—t h a tt h el e f tw r i s tm u s tb ec l o s et ot h et o p—i n d e e ds o f a r ,t h a tt h ef o r el i n g e rm a yr e a c hr o u n dt h eh o r n ,a n dt h et i po f i t f i x e di nt h ee y eo f t h es t r i n g , t h i sd o n e ,p u l lt h eB o wu pb r i s k lw i t ht h er i g h th a n d ,a n dp r e s sd o w nt h eu p p e rl i m bw i t ht h ew r i s to ft h el e f t ,t h es a m ea si ns t r i n g i n gi t ,

a n dt h ei n s t a n tt h es t r i n gb e c o m e ss l a c k ,t h ef o r ef i n g e rw h i c hm u s tb e r e a d yi n t h ee y e ,b r i n g si t o u to ft h en o c k .T h em o v e m e n to fs l a c k e n i n gt h es t r i n gm u s tb ev e r yq u i c k .

T h ef i n g e rm u s tn o ta t t e m p tt ob r i n gt h es t r i n go u t

o f t h en o c ku n t i li t i s s l a c k e n e d ,e l s et h ef r i c t i o no ft h ef i n g e r - n a i lw i l lc u ti t ,w h i c ha t a l lt i m e sm u s tb ea v o i d e d ,a si t t h e r e b yw e a k e n s ,a n di n t i m eb r e a k si t .

T h e r ei s a n o t h e rw a yo fu n s t r i n g i n gt h eB o w ,—p l a c et h es h o r th o r no nt h eg r o u n d ,a n dt h ef l a ts i d eo f t h e

u p p e rl i m bo nt h ep a l mo f t h el e f th a n d ,t h es t r i n gu p w a r d s; p r e s s( h er i g h ta r md o w no nt h eh a n d l ea n dw h e nt h es t r i n gi s s l i g h t l ys l a c k e n e d ,t h et h u mo ft h el e f th a n d ,w h i c hi s c l o s et ot h ee y e o ft h es t r i n gw i l lb r i n gi t o u to ft h en o c k .

W h e nt h eB o wi s s t r o n g ,b o t ht h e s t r i n g i na n dt h eu n s t r i n g i n gw i l lb e c o m ee a s i e r ,b yq u i c k e n i nt h em o t i o n .

A t t i t u d ei nS h o o t i n g .

M a d a m eB o l a ,f o r m e r l ya f a m o u so p e r ad a n c e r

u p o nb e i n g t a u g h tt h eu s eo f t h eB o w ,d e c l a r e dt h a to fa l la t t i t u d e ss h ee v e rs t u d i e d ,( a n ds u r e l ys o m el i t t l ed f f f e r e n e eo fo p i n i o no u g h tt ob ep a i dt o o n e ,w h o sw h o l el i f ew a ss p e n ti n s t u d y i n ga t t i t u d e s , )t h o u g h

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1 5t h ep o s i t i o no f s h o o t i n g w i t ht i r el o n gB o ww a st h em o s tn o b l e ,a n de l e g a n ts h eh a de v e rs e e n; c e r t a i ni t i s , t h a tt h eh u m a nf i g u r ec a n n o tb ed i s p l a y e dt og r e a t e ra d v a n t a g e ,a sw h e n 'd r a w i n g :t h eB o wa t a ne l e v a t i o n .

O b s e r v e—T h a t n op a r to ft h ef r o n to f t h eb o d yi s t o b et u r n e d -t o w a r d st h em a r k .

O n l yt h ef a c e — f o ri n s t a n c e ,I f t h em a r ki s p l a c e df a l ls o u t h ,t h eb o d yo u g h tt o

l a c et h ew e s t .T h eh e e l ss h o u l db e a b o u ts i xo r s e v e ni n c h e s

a p a r t .T h en e c kt oi n c l i n ea l i t t l ed o w n w a r d s .T h el e f th a n dw h i c hh o l d st h eB o wm u s tb eh e l d

o u tq u i t es t r a i g h t ,—t h es u r ew a yt o d o t h i s ,w i l lb et o t u r nt h ew r i s ta s m u c hi n a s p o s s i b l e ,b y t h i s

m e a n s ,t h eB o wb yb e i n gg r a s p e do n l yv e r ye a s y ,w i l lr e s tf i r mi n t h eh a n d ;b u ti f t h ea r mi s n o tt u r n e di n ,t h es t r e n g t ho f t h eB o ww o u l df a l lu p o nt h et h u m b ,a n dt h ec o n s e q u e n c eo f s u c hh o l d i n gw i l ls os t r a i nt h et h u m b ,a s t o r e n d e ri t t o ow e a kt o r e s i s tt h e

s t r e n g t ho f a s t r o n gB o w; t h e r e f o r e ,c a nn e v e rb ed r a w nu pt o t h eh e a do fa nA r r o w .R e m e m b e rt h e nt h a t t h ea r mb es ot u r n e di n ,t h a t

t h es t r i n gs t r i k e si t w h e nl o o s e d; t h eb l o ww i l lh u r tt h ea r mw i t h o u ts o m ep r o t e c t i o n ,b u tt h a tw i l lb et r e a t e do fh e r e a f t e r .

W h e nt a k i n ga i m ,t h eA r r o wi s b r o u g h tu pt o w a r d st h ee a r .

B 2

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1 6N o ti na l i n et o t h ee y ea s m a n ys u p p o s e .( S e e

p l a t e1 , f i g u r e2 . )N o rm u s tt h eB o wb e s o h e l da s t ob r i n gt h ep i l e

o f t h eA r r o wi na l i n ew i t ht h ee y ea n dt h em a r k ,f o ri nt h a tc a s ew h e ns h o to f f ,w i l lg oc o n s i d e r a b lt ot h el e f to f i t , f o rd r a wt h r e ei m a g i n a r yl i n e sf r o mt h e

m a r kt o t h ee y e ,f r o mt h ee y et o t h es t r i n gw h ed r a w nu p ,a n df r o mt h es t r i n g t ot h em a r k ,a n dt h e yf o r mt h r e es i d e so rt r i a n g l e .

A n dt h e na g a i n ,d r a wt h r e em o r ef i r s tf r o mt h ep i l eo f t h eA r r o wt ot h ee y e ,f r o mt h ee y et o t h es t r i n g

a n df r o mt h es t r i n gt o t h ep i l e ,a n dt h e yw i l lf o r ma n o t h e rt r i a n g l e ,d i s t i n c tf r o mt h ef i r s t .

T h u si ft h el e f tl i n eo ft h es m a l lt r i a n g l eb ep l a c eu p o nt h el e f tl i n eo ft h el a r g eo n e ,t h et o pa n g l e so fb o t h ,f r o mt h eb o t t o mr i g h ta n g l ew i l lp o i n td i f f e r e

w a y s .I t t h e r e f o r ea p p e a r se v i d e n t ,t h a ta s t h en o c ko f

t h eA r r o wi s t ot h er i g h to ft h ee y e ,s ol i k e w i s em u st h ep i l eo rh e a da p p e a rt o t h ev i e wo nt h er i g h to ft h em a r k .

S o m ey e a r ss i n c ea g e n t l e m a nc o n c e i v e d ai d e at h a tt h eA r r o ws h o u l dg ot h r o u g ht h eB o w ,a n dn o tf r o mt h es i d e ,a n dc o n s e q u e n t l yh a da h o l eb o r et h r o u g ho n e ,w h i c ht o k e e pi t f r o m. b r e a k i n gw a so b l i g e dt ob es t r o n g l yb r a c e dw i t hi r o n s ;b u tn oo n e

a d o p t e dh i sm e t h o d ,a n dh e h i m s e l fs o o n g a v ei t u p .I nd r a w i n gt h eA r r o wf r o mt h ep o u c h ,b r i n gi t o u t

b yt h em i d d l e .

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1 7T h eB o wd u r i n gt h i s ,m a yb eh e l dh o r i z o n t a l l yw i t h

t h es t r i n gu p w a r d s .T h ea r r o wi s c a r r i e du n d e rt h es t r i n gt ot h el e f to f

t h eB o w ,s t i l lh e l db yt h em i d d l e ,t i l lt h ep i l er e a c h e st h el e f th a n d; t h ef o r ef i n g e ro fw h i c hi s t h r o w no v e ri t ,w h i l et h eo t h e rh a n dr e t r e a t sb a c kt o t h en o c k ,t ol o o kf o rt h ec o c kf e a t h e r ,* w h i c hw h e nf o u n d ,t h eA r r o wi s s l i dd o w nt h eB o w ,a n df i x e du p w a r d so nt h a tp a r to f t h es t r i n g ,w h i c hi s e x a c t l yo p p o s i t et h et o po ft h eh a n d l e . ( S e ep l a t e1 , f i g u r e3 . )

T h ef i n g e ro f t h el e f th a n di s t h e nr e m o v e d ,a n de n c i r c l e st h eB o w .M a n yb e g i n n e r sa r ei nt h eh a b i to fh o l d i n go u tt h e

l e f tf o r e f i n g e rw h e nd r a w i n gt h eb o w ,t oc o n f i n et h eA r r o wf r o mf a l l i n go f ft h eh a n d ,b u tt h a ti s q u i t e

u n n e c e s s a r y; t h ef a u l to f t h eA r r o wf a l l i n g ,i s o w i n gt ot h ew a n to f a p r o p e rm e t h o di n d r a w i n g ,w h i c hf a u l tw i l lw e a ro f fb yp r a c t i c e ;b u ta se r r o r sa r e o f t e ni n s t a n t l yc o r r e c t e d ,w h e nt h ec a u s ei s d i s c o v e r e d ,s ow i l lt h el e a r n e rp e r h a p sb e a b l et h ef i r s tt i m et o

o v e r c o m et h i si m p e d i m e n t .T h er e a s o no f t h eA r r o wf a l l i n g ,i s t h i s ,t h a ti n

d r a w i n gt h eB o w ,t h ef i n g e r st w i s t t h es t r i n g ,a n dt h eA r r o wb e i n go n t h es t r i n g ,i s c a r r i e dt h ew a yt h es t r i n gt u r n s ,w h i c hi s o c c a s i o n e db yt h ef i n g e r sh o l d

i n gi t s of a ru pa st h ef i r s tj o i n t ,f o ra s t h et i po f t h ef i n g e r sn a t u r a l l yh a n go v e r ,i t c a u s e st h eg r e a t e s t

* T h ed e s c r i p t i o no ft h ec o c kf e a t h e r ,i sg i v e ni np a g e2 8 .B 3

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1 8p r e s s u r eo nt h a to rt h el e f ts i d e; n o wh o l dt h es t r i n ga s n e a rt o t h et i pa s p o s s i b l e ,a n di t w i l lt w i s tt h eo t h e rw a y ,a n dt h eA r r o ww i l lg ob a c kt o i t sp l a c e .

T h es t r i n gs h o u l db e a b o u th a l f - w a yb e t w e e nt h et i po ft h ef i n g e r sa n dt h ef i r s tj o i n t .

I f t h el e a r n e rc a n n o ty e tm a k et h eA r r o wr e s to n

h i sh a n d ,' t w e r eb e t t e rt i l lh ea c q u i r e di t b yp r a c t i c et oh o l dh i sB o wr a t h e ro b l i q u e l y ,t h a nt o s t r e t c ho u th i sf i n g e r ,f o rs h o u l dh e d r a wh i sA r r o w u pt o t h eh e a d ,' t i sn o ti m p r o b a b l et h a ti n l o o s e n i n gi t , t h ep o i n tm i g h ts e v e r e l yg r a z eh i sf i n g e r .I f t h eB o wi s

h e l da f e wd e g r e e so u to f a p e r p e n d i c u l a rl i n e ,t h a ta n dt h ek n u c k l e ,f o r ma k i n do f g r o o v ef o rt h eA r r o wt o s l i d ei n .

A n o t h e rd i s a d v a n t a g ea t t e n d s t h es h o o t e r ,w h e nh eh o l d st h es t r i n gt o of a ru pt h ef i n g e r s ,w h i c hi s ,t h a th ec a n n o ts o e a s i l yd i s e n g a g et h e mw h e np r e p a r et o ol o o s e; t h e r e f o r e ,i t w i l lb eu s e l e s st o b ev e r yn i c ea n de x a c ti n t a k i n ga i m ,f o rt h ee x e r t i o nt h ef i n g e r sr e q u i r et o d i s e n c u m b e rt h e m s e l v e s ,w i l lf o r c et h es t r i n go u to fi t sp o s i t i o n ,a n dh o w e v e rt r i f l i n gi t m a yb e ,w i l ls e n dt h eA r r o wc o n s i d e r a b l yw i d eo f t h e

m a r k .B u ti f t h es t r i n gi s h e l da s a b o v ed e s c r i b e d ,t h e

l o o s eb e c o m e se a s y ,a n da s q u i c ka s t h o u g h tc a nc o m m a n di t .

I n p u l l i n gt h es t r i n gu p , t h et h u m bi s n o t u s e d ,o n l yt h et h r e ef i n g e r s ,—a n dt w ol i n g e r sa r e b e t t e rt h a nt h r e e .

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1 9A st h el e f th a n dr a i s e st h eB o w ,t h er i g h ts h o u l d

b e g i nt o d r a w ,s o t h a tw h e ni t i s h e l du pt o i t si nt e n d e de l e v a t i o n ,i t s h o u l db ea b o v eh a l fd r a w n .

I t d o e sn o td ot o e l e v a t et h eB o wq u i t eu n d r a w n ,f o rt h er i g h th a n di n r e a c h i n gt o t h es t r i n g ,d i s p l a c e st h ep o s i t i o no ft h eb o d y .

I t i s t h em e t h o do f o u rb e s tA r c h e r sa s t h e yr a i s et h eB o w ,t o d r a wi t t h r e ep a r t so f t h ew a y—t h e r ep a u s et o t a k ea i m—t h e nd r a wi t q u i t eu pt ot h eh e a d ,a n di n s t a n t l yl o o s e ,f o ri t s h o u l dn o tb e k e p tu p o nt h es t r e t c hm o r et h e n as e c o n do r t w o ,f o r f e a ro f

b r e a k i n g .T h eb e s to f B o w sw h e nd r a w nu p t o t h eh e a do f

a nA r r o w ,a r ef u l ls e v e ne i g h t st o w a r d sb e i n g b r o k ef o rp u l lo n eu p a n o t h e re i g h t ha b o v et h eA r r o w sl e n g t h ,a n di t i s a l m o s ti m p o s s i b l e ,t h a ti t s h o u l de sc a p ef r o mb r e a k i n g .

W h e nt h es h o o t i n gi s f i n i s h e df o rt h ed a y , o ro n l ys u s p e n d e df o ra n h o u r ,' t i sb e s tt o u n s t r i n g t h eB o w ,b u ti ng o i n gf r o mm a r kt o m a r ki t i s u n n e c e s s a r y .

W h e nt h es h o o t i n gi s o v e r ,t h eB o ws h o u l d ,b ew e l lr u b b e dw i t ha p i e c eo fd r yb a i z e ,e s p e c i a l l ya f t e rr a i n yo r h a z yw e a t h e r—T h ec l o t hc a s es h o u l dl i k e

w i s eb ek e p td r y .

I t h a so f t e nh a p p e n e d ,t h a tw h e r el a d i e sa n dg e nt l e m e n ' sB o w sa n d A r r o w sh a v eb e e np r o m i s c u o u sl a i dt o g e t h e r ,f o ra p e r s o nt o t a k eu pa l a d y ' sB o w ,a n dn o tk n o w i n ga n yd i f f e r e n c e ,a g e n t l e m a n ' sA r r o ww h i c hh a ss t o o dt i l ld r a w nu p t o t h et w e n t y - f o u

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k 2 0

i n c h e s ,b u tw h e np u l l e db e y o n dt h a t ,h a ss n a p p ei n s e v e r a lp i e c e s .

A g e n t l e m a no n n o a c c o u n tw h a t e v e r ,o u g h tt ot a k eu pa l a d y ' sB o w ,e v e nw i t ha p r o p e rA r r o w; f o ri t b e i n gm a d em u c hi n f e r i o rt o h i ss t r e n g t h , y i e ls oe a s yt o h i sp u l l ,t h a th e u n c o n s c i o u s l yd r a w si t u pb e y o n dt h ep o w e rt h eB o ww i l lb e a r .

A B o wo f a n yd e s c r i p t i o nw h a t e v e r ,o u g h tn o tt ob ed r a w nw i t h o u th a v i n ga nA r r o wi n i t , m a n yo n l yi n t e n d i n gt o t r yt h es t r e n g t ho fo n e ,d on o tt h i n k t hp r e c a u t i o nn e c e s s a r y ,a n do f t e nd r a wi t t o of a r ,s u pp o s i n gt h e yc o u l dn o tg o b e y o n dt h ep r o p e rl i m i t s ,b u ta nA r r o wi s a g u i d et o t h ea r m ,a n dw a r n so n ew h e nt o s t o p .

W h e nd r a w i n g aB o wi n a r o o m ,t h ep e r s o ns h o u l dt u r nh i m s e l ff r o mt h ew i n d o w sm i r r o r s ,a n dg l a s so fe v e r y d e s c r i p t i o n; f o rs h o u l dt h eB o wb r e a k , t hd a m a g ew i l lb et h e nc o n f i n e dt o t h eB o wo n l y ,o t h e rw i s e ,a sp i e c e ss o m e t i m e sf l ya g r e a tw a y ,t h em i s c h i em i g h te x t e n dt o t h ea b o v ea r t i c l e s .—A n dh e s h o us t i l lb em o r ec a r e f u l ,n o tt o d r a wa B o ww h e na n ot h e ri s s t a n d i n g b e f o r eh i m ,f o ra s t a n d e r - b y em i g h t

r e c e i v e g r e a ti n j u r yi f t h eB o ww a st o b r e a k :—t h es h o o t e r h i m s e l fs c a r c e l ye v e rr e c e i v e sa n y ,a s t h ep i e c e sf l yf r o mh i m .

M a n yA r c h e r sr u bt h e i rB o w sw i t ha p i e c eo fw a x e dc l o t h ,w h i c hi s o fg r e a tu t i l i t y ,a s i t n o to n l y

g i v e st h e ma p o l i s h ,b u ti s a p r e v e n t a t i v ea g a i n s

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2 1d a m p sp e n e t r a t i n g :t h i sp r e c a u t i o nh o w e v e r ,i s n o ts om u c hr e q u i r e df o rs e l fB o w s ,a sb a c k e do n e s .

S e l fB o w sa r em a d eo fo n ep i e c eo fw o o do n l y ,a n dt h a ti s g e n e r a l l yo fy e w , b u tt h el o n gk n o w nd i f f i c u l t yo fp r o c u r i n gg o o dy e w , *h a sc o m p e l l e dB o wm a k e r so f l a t ey e a r s ,t o r e s o r tt o v a r i o u so t h e rw o o d s ,a l lc o n t a i n i n gg r e a ts p r i n g ,b u tl i t t l ep l i a b i l i t y; t h ed ef i c i e n c yo f t h el a t t e ri s a m p l ys u p p l i e db yt h ea d d it i o no fa s l i po fa s h ,o rs o m eo t h e rt o u g hw o o dg l u e dt o t h e m; t h et o u g h n e s so ft h eo n ec o m b i n e dt ot h ee l a s t i c i t yo f t h eo t h e r ,b o t ha c t i n gi n c o n j u n c t i om a k ec a p i t a lB o w s ,a n dt h e s ei t i s t h a ta r ec a l l e dB a c k ' dB o w s -

I t i s t h e s eB o w st h a tr e q u i r es o m ec a r ei nk e e p i n gt h ed a m pf r o m: a n da g a i no nt h e c o n t r a r y ,f r o mb ei n gk e p ti n t o od r ya s i t u a t i o n ,s u c h -a s b e i n gi nav e r yh o tr o o m ,f o rt h a tw i l lp e r i s ht h eg l u e ,a n dm a k et h ep i e c e sc o m ea s u n d e r ; .—t h eb e s tp l a c ei s ac l o s e t ,o ra w o o d e nc a s em a d ef o rt h ep u r p o s e ,a n df i x e du pi n .a h a l l ,c a l l e da na s c h a n i ,a sm e n t i o n e di np a g e4 5 . .

A nA r c h e rs h o u l dn e v e rl e n dh i sB o wt oa n o t h e r ,w h i l es h o o t i n gw i t hi t h i m s e l f :f o rt w op e r s o n st »

* W h e nt h eB o ww a su s e da sa w e a p o no f w a r ,t h eE n g l i s h *j e ww a sm o s t l ys ob a d ,e v e na t a p e r i o dw h e ni t w a sc u l t iv a t e df o rt h ep u r p o s e ,t h a te v e r ym e r c h a n tt r a d i n ga b r o a dw a sc o m p e l l e db ya c to fp a r l i a m e n t ,t o i m p o r ta s t i p u l a t e dn u m b e ro fs t a v e s .R o b e r t ' sE n g l i s hB o w m a n ,p a g e1 3 1 .

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2 2s h o o tw i t ht h es a m e B o w ,a t t h es a m et i m e ,i s w o r ki n gi t t o om u c h ,f o ri t i s b e i n gd o u b l yk e p ti n f u l lb e n dw h i c hd e s t r o y si t se l a s t i c i t y .

A B o ww h e nn o ti n u s e ,s h o u l da l w a y sb el o c k eu p ,o ro t h e r w i s es e c u r e d ,t h a ti t m i g h tn o tf a l li n t ot h eh a n d so f o t h e r s ,f o rm o r eB o w sa r eb r o k eb ys t r a n g e r sa n ds e r v a n t s ,t h r o u g ht h e i rb e i n ge x p o st o t h e i rc u r i o s i t y ,t h a nb yt h es h o o t e r st h e m s e l v;

f o ra si t i s m o s tc o m m o n l yt h ec a s e ,t h a tt h e yd on o tk n o w h o wt ou s et h e m ,n o r e v e nt os t r i n gt h e m ,t h e yg e n e r a l l yc o m m i t s o m em i s c h i e f ,w h i c hi ft h e yd on o t

a b s o l u t e l yb r e a ki n p i e c e s ,t h e yp e r h a p ss of a rd am a g et h a tt h eB o wb r e a k si n t h e A r c h e r ' sh a n dt h ef i r s tt i m eh ed r a w si t ; a n da st h ec a u s eo f t h ea c c id e n ti s s e l d o mk n o w n ,i t i s o f t e n u n j u s t l yi m p u t e dt ot h ef a u l to ft h ew o o d .

A st h i sh i n ti s g i v e nf o rt h eb e n e f i to f y o u n gA rc h e r s ,i t i s t ob eh o p e dt h e yw i l ln o tn e g l e c ti t , a n ds h o u l dt h e yb e f r o mh o m e ,w h e r et h e yc a n n o th a v et h a tc o n v e n i e n c e ,l e tt h e mt a k eo f ft h es t r i n g .

T h eh a n d l es h o u l dn o tb ei nt h ec e n t r eo ft h eB o w

b u tu n d e ri t ; t h u st h el o w e rl i m bi s s h o r t e rt h a nt l i eu p p e ro n e ,b yt h ed e p t ho ft h eh a n d l e; i t i s t h e r e f om a d es t r o n g e rt h a nt h eu p p e r .

I f t h ec e n t r eo fa B o wi s i n t h ec e n t r eo f t h eh a nd l e ,b o t hl i m b sa r eo f t h es a m el e n g t h ,a n dm u s

t h e r e f o r eb eo f t h es a m es t r e n g t h ,a n ds h o u l da pp r o a c hi ns h a p et h es i x t hs e g m e n to fa c i r c l e ,s of a rt h eB o wi s c o r r e c t; b u tt o s e n da nA r r o wf r o mt h ec e n t r eo f t h es t r i n g ,a n dc e n t r eo f t h eB o wi s r e n

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2 3d e r e di m p o s s i b l ef r o mt h es i t u a t i o no f t h eh a n d ,n h i c hh o l d st h eB o wc o v e r i n gi t sc e n t r e: t h eA r r o wt h e nm u s tg of r o mt h eB o wa t l e a s tt w oi n c h e sa n d ah a l fa b o v et h ec e n t r e: s u p p o s i n gt h eh a n d l ef i v ei nc h e sd e e p ,t h e .u p p e rp a r to ft h es t r i n gm e a s u r i n gf r o mw h e r et h eA r r o wi s p l a c e d ,i s s h o r t e rb yf i v ei n c h e st h a nt h el o w e rp a r t ,c o n s e q u e n t l yt h eu p p e rl i m bi s m o r eb e n tw h e nd r a w nt o t h el e n g t ho f a nA r r o w ,t h a nt h el o w e rl i m b ,t h e r e f o r ei n c o r r e c t ,a sn o ta c t i n gi nc o n j u n c t i o nw h i c ht h e yo u g h tt od o :t ol u a k et h eA r r o wt h e ng of r o mt h ec e n t r eo ft h eB o w ,t h eh a n d l em u s tb e p l a c e db e l o wt h ec e n t r e ,w h i c hi st h e nm e tb ya n o t h e rc i r c u m s t a n c e ,t h a tt h el o w e rl i m bb e c o m e ss h o r t e rb yf i v ei n c h e st h a nt h eu p p e r ,a n dw o u l dt h e r e f o r e ,w h e nd r a w nu pt o t h el e n g t ho fa nA r r o wb em o s tb e n t ,t h e r e f o r ea g a i ni r r e g u l a r: t o

r e m e d yt h i s ,t h el o w e rl i m bi s m a d et h es t r o n g e s t ,i i yw h i c hi t s om u c hr e s i s t st h ep u l l ,o ft h es t r i n g ,a st o b ee n a b l e dt os k e e pp a c ei n t h ed r a w i n gw i t ht h eu p p e r l i m b ,a n dt h es h o o t i n gt h e r e f o r e ,b e c o m e sm o r es t e a d ya n dc o r r e c t .O b s e r v e ,t h a tb o t hl i m b s

o ft h eB o wm u s tb e n de q u a l l yw h e nt h eh a n d l ei s e xa c t l yc e n t r i c a l; , n o rd o e si t m a t t e rw h i c he n do f t h eB o wi s h e l du p w a r d s ,b u tw h e r eo n el i m bi s l o n g e rt h a nt h eo t h e r ,t h e nt h el o n g e s tm u s ta l w a y sb ed r a w nu p w a r d s; i f b ya c c i d e n ti t s h o u l d b ed r a w nw i t ht h e

s h o r tl i m bu p w a r d s , ,t h eB o ww i l lh a v ea n a r r o we sc a p ei f i t i s n o tb r o k e ,f o ra l o n gA r r o wi s n o t o n l yd r a w na g a i n s tt h es h o r t l i m b ,b u tl i k e w i s ew i t ht h es h o r tp a r to ft h es t r i n g .

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2 - 4

A g o o dg u i d et o a y o u n gA r c h e rw i l lb et h es i l kl a p p i n g ,f o r i f h e n o c k sh i sA r r o wo n t h es t r i n gw h e r et h e r ei s n os i l k ,h ew i l la t o n c es e eh eh a s g ot h ew r o u ge n do ft h eB o w .

I t w i l lb eo b s e r v e d ,t h a te v e r yB o wh a sg e n e r a l lan u m b e ri m m e d i a t e l yo v e rt h eh a n d l e ,w h i c hi s t h e

n u m b e ro fp o u n d si t t a k e st od r a wt h eB o wd o w nt ot h el e n g t ho fa nA r r o w ,

T h u sa m a na c c o r d i n gt o t h eB o wh e c a np u t t ,m a yj u d g eo f h i so w ns t r e n g t h .F i f t yp o u n d si s t h es t a n d a r d w e i g h t o f aB o w ,a n dh ew h oc a nd r a wo n eo fs i x t yw i t he a s e ,a s I n sr e g u l a rs h o o t i n gB o w ,m a yr e c k o nh i m s e l f. a s t r o n gm a n; t h o u g hs o m ec a nd r a wa B o w -© fs e v e n t ya n de i g h t yp o u n d s ,b u tt h e y

. a ^ r ev e r yf e w .

A m a nh a st oe x e r c i s ed o u b l et h es t r e n g t ht h a tt h eB o wi s m a r k e d ;f o ri fh ed r a w sa B o wo ff i f t yp o u n dw i t hh i sr i g h th a n d ,h em u s th a v et h es a m es t r e n g ti n t h el e f tt o r e i s tt h a tp u l l .

L a d i e sB o w sa r ef r o mt w e n t y - f o u rp o u n d st o t h i r t y

f o u r .U p o nA r r o w s .

A r r o w sf o rs h o o t i n ga r eg e n e r a l l ys e l e c t e da c c o r di n gt o t h ep o w e ro ft h eB o w ,a n da r ew e i g h e da g a i n ss i l v e rm o n e ya t t h em i n ts t a n d a r dw e i g h t; t h u sA rr o w sw e i g hf r o mt h r e et o t w e n t ys h i l l i n g s; t h o u gs e l d o ms h o tw i t h. a b o v es i x .

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2 5M r .R o b e r t s ,i n h i sE n g l i s hB o w m a n ,( p a g e1 5 3 . )

g i v e st h ef o l l o w i n gt a b l ef o rd i r e c t i n gw h a t A r r o w st os h o o tw i t h ,a t a n yp a r t i c u l a rd i s t a n c e .

3 0y a r d sf r o m .. . . . . .4 s .. . t o. .6 s .6 0 . 3 s .6 d .t o o s .6 d .

9 0 )1 2 0 5 . 3 s . . . .t o 4 s .C d .

T h u si t w i l la p p e a r ,t h a ta nA r r o wo f4 s .a n d4 s .6 d .i s a p r o p e r w e i g h tf o ra n yo f t h ea b o v ed i s t a n c e s ,w h i c hs h e w st h e r ei s n oa b s o l u t er u l ew h a tA r r o w s

t o s h o o tw i t h ,a sw h a ts u i t so n ep e r s o nm a yn o ts u i ta n o t h e r ,f o ra g r e a td e a ld e p e n d su p o nt h e s t r e n g t h, o ft h eB o w ,a n dw h e t h e ri t h a s as h a r po rd u l ll o o s e ,( f o rt w oB o w sm a yb eo f t h es a m es t r e n g t h ,y e to n es h a l ls e n da nA r r o wf u r t h e rt h a nt h eo t h e r ,f o ri t i s

n o to n l ys t r e n g t ht h a ti s r e q u i r e d ,b u ta q u i c kc a s t , )u p o nt h em e t h o do fd r a w i n ga n dl o o s i n g ,a n dv a r i o u so t h e r c a u s e s ,i n s h o r ti t s e l d o mo c c u r s ,t h a tt w oA r c h e r ss h a l ls h o o te x a c t l ya l i k e: i t i s t h i sp a r ti nA r c h e r yt h a ti s s od i f f i c u l tt o a c q u i r e ,w h a ti s c a l l e da k n a c k ,a n dw h i c ho n l yc a n b eo b t a i n e db ya t t e nt i o na n dp r a c t i c e ,a n da l le r r o r sa t t e n d i n gt h e s em u s tb ec o r r e c t e db yt h eA T c h e r so w no b s e r v a t i o n .

A l i g h tA r r o wm a yb e u s e dw i t ha s t r o n gB o w ,b u ta h e a v yA r r o ws h o u l dn o t b e u s e dw i t ha

w e a ko n e .

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2 6A s h o o t e rs h o u l d a l w a y ss e l e c th i sA r r o w s ,a n d

s e ta p a r tp a r t i c u l a r

o n e sf o rp a r t i c u l a r d i s t a n

I n s h o o t i n ga t o n ed i s t a n c e ,l e t t h eA r r o w sb eo fa ne q u a lw e i g h t ,f o rw h e nt h eA r c h e rh a sg o ti n t oat r a i nf o rs h o o t i n gw e l l ,a nA r r o wt h a ti s h e a v i e ro rl i g h t e rt h a nt h eo n et h a ts h o o t sb e s t ,m u s tv a r ym o r e

o rl e s s i nt h ed i s t a n c e .T h u st h eT o x o p i i i l i t eS o c i e tt h o u g ht h e y o n l ys h o o tw i t ht w oA r r o w s ,h a v ea l w a ya n o t h e r o ft h es a m ew e i g h ti n t h e i rp o u c h e s ,t h a ti nc a s e ,o n eo ft h et w og e t sb r o k eo ra n y w a y s - d ai t m a yi n s t a n t l yb e r e p l a c e d ,a n dt h u st h e yd e n o mn a t et h r e eA r r o w sa p a i r .

T h i se x p r e s s i o ni s o n l yc u r r e n ta m o n gt h e m s e l vt o c a l lt h r e ea p a i rc e r t a i n l yd o e sn o ts o u n dw e l l; ap o u c ho fA r r o w sw o u l db e a m o r ea p p r o p r i a te xp r e s s i o n .

A r r o w sb e s i d et h e i rw e i g h tv a r yi n l e n g t h; l a d i e sA r r o w s ,o rf o rB o w so f 5 - f e e tl o n g , a r e2 4 - i n c h ei nl e n g t h .B o w su n d e ro - f e e t9 - i n c h e sh a v eA r r o w so f2 7 - i n c h e si n l e n g t h ;a n da b o v e5 - f e c t - 9 ,2 8 ,2 9 ,a n ds o m e t i m e s3 0; b u tt h el a s tm u s tb et o a v e r yl o n g

B o wi n d e e d ,a n da m a nm u s th a v ev e r yl o n ga r m st od r a ws u c ha o n eu pt o t h eh e a d ,b u ta f t e ra l l ,s u c kl o n gA r r o w sa r eh a z a r d o u st o t h eB o w ,e v e na 2 9 -i n c hA r r o wi s v e r yd a n g e r o u st o s o m e .T oB o wt h e r e f o r eo f 5 - f e e tJ O - i n e h e sl o n g ,n oA r r o w sa b o v

2 8 - i n c h e so u g h tt o b e u s e d ,t h o u g hf o rm a n yy e a r s

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2 7

2 7 - i n c h e sl i a sb e e nt h eg e n e r a ll e n g t h ,a n dt ot h o s ew h ow i s ht op r e s e r v et h e i rB o w s ,r a t h e rt h a nb ea mb i t i o u so f d r a w i n ga l o n gA r r o w ,a r er e c o m m e n dt os h o o tw i t ht l i e m o n l y .

A r r o w sa r el i k e w i s es h a p e dd i f f e r e n t l y ,s o m ea r e

t h i c k a t t h ep i l ea n dg r a d u a l l ys l o p et o t h en o c k .S o m ea r em a d et o b et h i c k e s tn e a rt h em i d d l e ,a n do t h e r sa r es t o u t e s tc l o s eu n d e rt h ef e a t h e r s ,a n dt a p e rg r a d u a l l yt o -t h ep i l e; b u tA r r o w so f a n ys h a p ei ft h e ya r es t r a i g h t ,w i l lf l yw e l la ta l m o s te v e r yd i s t a n c ew i t h i nt h ep o w e ro ft h eB o w .

A g r e a tm a n yA r c h e r sh o w e v e rd i f f e ri n t h i sr e sp e c t ,e v e nd o w nt o t h ev e r yp i l e ,w h om a i n t a i nt h a tB f u n t - h e a d e dA r r o w sa r ep r e f e r a b l et o s h a r po n e s ,a n do t h e r sa g a i nm a i n t a i nt h ec o n t r a r y .

T h eo n l ya d v a n t a g ea t t e n d i n gt h eb l u n tp i l e ,i st h a tw h e ni t i s s h o ti n t ot h et a r g e t - f r a m e ,o ra n yo t h e rw o o dw o r k ,i t i sm o r ee a s i l ye x t r a c t e d .

S o m ea g a i nt h i n kt h a ta nA r r o ww i t ha b l u n tp i l eg o e sf u r t h e rt h a nw i t ha s h a r po n e ,f o ra sa s h a r p

p i l ei s m a d es o m e t h i n gI n t h es h a p eo f as u g a rl o a f ,a n dt h es i d e si n c l i n eb r o a d e ra si t l e n g t h e n s ,s oi t i ss u p p o s e dt o h a v ea g r e a t e rs u p e r f i c i a lf r o n t ,t h e r ef o r em e e t sw i t hg r e a t e rd i f f i c u l t yi n p e n e t r a t i n g t ha i rt h a nt h eb l u n to n e ,w h i c hb e i n ge q u a l l yt h i c k ,

h a sb u ti t sb a r ec i r c u m f e r e n c et o c o n t e n da g a i n s t ,a n dc o n s e q u e n t l ym e e t sw i t hl e s sr e s i s t a n c et h e nt h eo t h e r .

C 2

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2 8T h et r u t ho f t h i sa r g u m e n ti s l e f tt o t h ep r a c t i

t i o n e r ,w h ow i l lb yh i so w ne x p e r i m e n t sb e a b l et aj u d g ef o rh i m s e l f .

H es h o u l dh o w e v e rb e c a r e f u ln o tt o s h o o tw i t hA r r o w so fv a r i o u sl e n g t h s .

A l lA r r o w sh a v eg e n e r a l l yt h r e ef e a t h e r s ,e i t h e r

g o o s eo rT u r k e y; t w oo fw h i c hc o n s i s to f o n ec o l o r ,a n dt h et h i r do f a n o t h e r ,w h i c ho d dc o l o ri s t op o i n to u tt h ef e a t h e r t h a ts h o u l db e u p p e r m o s t .

U p o na t r i f l i n gi n s p e c t i o n , t h el e a r n e rw i l lo b s e r vt h a t e v e r yA r r o wi s i n l a i da t t h en o c kw i t hh o r n ,o no n es i d eo f w h i c h af e a t h e ri s l a i d ,o nt h eo p p o s i ts i d e ,n o n e; t h a tf e a t h e rw h i c hi s p l a c e do nt h eh o r ni s t h ec o c k -f e a t h e r ;t h eo t h e rt w oa r ep l a c e da t a ne q u a ld i s t a n c ef r o mi t .

N o wp l a c et h eA r r o wo nt h es t r i n gw i t ht h ec o c k -f e a t h e ru p p e r m o s t ,t h a ti s t o s a y ,t h ef u r t h e rs i d ef r o mt h eB o w ,a n dt h eo t h e rt w ow i l l s l i d eo v e ri t

w i t h o u tb e i n gr u m p l e do rd i s c o m p o s e db u tp l a c et h ec o c k - f e a t h e rd o w n w a r d s ,o r n e x tt h eB o w ,a n dt h ef e a t h e rw i l lg od i r e c t l yu p o ni t , w h i c hn o to n l yi nj u r e st h ef e a t h e rv e r ym u c h ,b u tv e r ys o o nt a k e si t

o f f ;b e s i d e sa n A r r o ws o s h o t ,i s t u r n e df r o mt h ec o u r s e o fi t sd e s t i n a t i o nb yt h ef e a t h e r a si t p a s s eo v e rt h eB o w ,r a i s i n gt h ee n do fi t .

T h ec o c k - f e a t h e rt h e r e f o r em u s ta l w a y sb eu p p e rm o s t ,a n dt h a ti t m a yb e t h em o r ee a s i l yf o u n d ,i t i s

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2 9o f t e nd i f f e r e n ti n c o l o rf r o mt h eo t h e rt w o ,b u tl e t

t h i sb ea g u i d et o t h el e a r n e r ,t h a tt h ef e a t h e rw h i c hi s p l a c e do nt h eh o r ni s t h ec o c k - f e a t h e r ,l e tt h e c o l o rb ew h a ti t w i l l ;m a n yA r c h e r sp r e f e ra l lo f t h es a m ec o l o r ,a n dt oo n eo f a n ye x p e r i e n c ei t i s o fn oc o n s eq u e n c e .

E v e r y A r c h e rs h o u l dh a v eh i sm a r kp a i n t e do nh i sA r r o w su n d e rt h ef e a t h e r s ,( t h i si s g e n e r a l l ya p a t t e r no fs o m er i b b o n )t o d i s t i n g u i s ht h e mf r o mo t h e r s ,e l s ew h e r ef o u ro r f i v ea r es h o o t i n gt o g e t h e ri t c r e a t e sg r e a tc o n f u s i o na n dd e l a yi ne a c hc o l l e c t i n gh i so w n ,b u tw h e r et h eA r r o w sa r ep a i n t e d ,e a c hA r c h e rc a ns e eh i so w nb e f o r eh ed r a w st h e mf r o mo u to f t h eg r o u n d .T h em a r ks h o u l db e a b o u ta ni n c hb r o a d .

G r e a tc a r es h o u l db e t a k e ni nd r a w i n gt h eA r r o w

f r o mt h eg r o u n do rm a r k ,I n e x p e r i e n c e ds h o o t e r sw i l lt a k eh o l do f t h e i rA r

r o w sb yt h en e a r e s t p a r t t h e yc a nr e a c h ,w h i c hi s

b a d ,f o ri t s o m e t i m e sb r e a k st h eA r r o w ,v e r yo f t e nb e n d si t ,a n da l m o s ta l w a y sr u m p l e st h ef e a t h e r s .

I f t h eA r r o wi s i n t h em a r k ,t a k eh o l do f i t c l o s et o t h em a r k ,a n di nd r a w i n gi t o u t ,t u r ni t : t h es a m et o b eo b s e r v e dw h e ni n t h eg r o u n d ,t a k eh o l do f t h eA r r o wc l o s et o t h eg r o u n d ,a n db ec a r e f u lt o d r a wi t

o u ti n t h es a m ed i r e c t i o nt h a ti t w e n ti n b e f o r ei t i s

r a i s e d ,e l s et h eA r r o ww i l lb r e a ki n t h eg r o u n d .c a

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3 0A nA r c h e rs h o u l dk e e ph i sA r r o w sc l e a n ,a n dt h e

f e a t h e r ss m o o t h .H es h o u l dh e f o r eh e g o e si n t ot h ef i e l d ,s e et h a t

h i sB o wa n da l l h i sa c c o u t r e m e n t sa r ei n c o m p l eo r d e r .

V i z :—T h a th i sA r r o w sw a n tn op i l e s—t h a tn of e at h e r sa r eo f f ,o ro t h e r w i s eo u to fr e p a i r .

T h en o c ko f t h eA r r o ws h o u l de x a c t l yf i t t h es t r i n g ,n o ts o l a r g ea s t o f a l l o f f ,n o rs os m a l la st or e q u i r ef o r c et o p u s hi t o n ,f o rt h e ni t w i l lb r e a k;

b u tj u s ts u f f i c i e n t l yw i d ea s t o a d h e r et o t h es t r i n gw i t h o u tp r e s s u r ea g a i n s tt h es i d e so ft h en o c k .E v e r yA r c h e rs h o u l dh a v ea s m a l lf l a tf i l et ow i d e nt h en o c k sw h e nt h e ya r et o os m a l l .

T h es t r i n gs h o u l db ew h i p ' dw i t hs t o u ts e w i n gs i l k

o nt h a tp a r tw h e r et h eA r r o wa n dt h et h r e ef i n g e r sa r ep l a c e d ,( v i z : )o p p o s i t et h et o po ft h eh a n d l e ,a n dt h i so u g h tn e v e rt o b e n e g l e c t e d ,a s f r o ms u c hn e g l e c tp r o c e e d st h ec a u s eo fi t sb r e a k i n g ,b yt h en o c kc o nt i n u a l l yr u b b i n ga g a i n s ti t , a n dt h eb r e a k i n go f a

s t r i n g ,s o m e t i m e sc a u s e st h eb r e a k i n go fa B o w ,W h e nt h es i l kw e a r so f f ,t h es t r i n gs h o u l db er e -

w h i p ' dd i r e c l l y .

S o m eA r c h e r sl i k e w i s ew h i pt h ee y ea n dt h en o o s ew h i c ht h o u g hn o ta b s o l u t e l yn e c e s s a r y ,i s n o ta b a dp l a n ,f o rw h e r et h e r ei s a n yf r i c t i o n ,t o om u c hc a r ec a n n o t b et a k e n .

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3 1I f a n yo f t h et h r e a d so ft h es t r i n ga r eb r o k e ,' t i s

b e s tt ot h r o wi t a w a ya n dt a k ea n o t h e r .T w oo r t h r e es p a r es t r i n g sr e a d yf i t t e df o rt h e

B o w ,a n dw h i p ' ds h o u l db e t a k e ni n t ot h eg r o u n d ,f o rf e a ro f a c c i d e n t s ,a n dh e r el e t i t b e o b s e r v e d ,t h a te v e r yA r c h e rs h o u l dk n o wh o wt o f i xa s t r i n g

t o h i sB o w .I t w i l lb en o t i c e dt h a to no n ee n do f t h es t r i n ga m

e y ei s a l r e a d ym a d e: t h eo t h e r ,a s B o w sv a r yi n -

l e n g t hi s l e f tf o rt h eA r c h e rh i m s e l ft o f i t o n ,b u ti fh ei s n o ti n f o r m e di nw h a tm a n n e ri t i s d o n e ,s e l d o m

o f h i m s e l fc a nd o i t r i g h t ,t h o u g hn o t h i n gm o r et h a nw h a ti s c a l l e da t i m b e rn o o s e( s e ep l a t e2 ,f i g u r e3 . )—t h eb e s tw a yt o g e ti n t ot h er i g h tp l a n ,i s

t oe x a m i n eh o wt h en o o s eo na no l ds t r i n gi s f o r m e d .

T h ed i s t a n c eo f t h es t r i n gf r o mt h ec e n t r eo f t h e

B o ww h e nb r a c e do r s t r u n g ,f o ra l o n gB o ws h o u l dn o tb e l e s st h a nf i v ei n c h e sa n da h a l f ,n o rm o r et h a ns i x ,b u tf o ra B o wo ff i v ef e e tl o n g ,t h ed i s t a n c eo u g h tn o tt oe x c e e df i v ei n c h e s .

T h es t r i n gs h o u l dn o tb e a l l o w e dt o r a v e l ,t h i s

o f t e nh a p p e n sb yi t sc o m i n go f fa n du n t w i s t i n g ,p a rt i c u l a r l yw h e ni t i s d r a w no u to ft h ec l o t hc a s e .

W h e nt h i so c c u r s ,i t s h o u l db e r e - t w i s t e da n dw a x e db e f o r ei t i s p u to n .

I f t h es t r i n gi s l o o p e da t t h ee y e ,t o t h et o ph o r n

w i t h ap i e c eo f s i l kc o r do rn a r r o wr i b b o n ,i t w i l ln o tt h e nc o m eo f f .

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3 2T h ed i s t a n c e sf o rs h o o t i n ga r ev a r i o u s ,t h o s ea t

t h e b u t t s a r et h i r t y , s i x t y ,n i n e t y ,a n do n eh u n d ra n dt w e n t yy a r d s .

B u t t sa r em a d ef r o ml o n gp l a t so f t u r f ,p r e s s ec l o s ed o w n ,a n da r ea b o u te i g h tf e e tw i d e ,i n c l i n in a r r o w e rt o w a r d st h et o p; t h eb a s ei s b e t w e e nt h r e e

a n df o u rf e e tt h i c k; t h eh e i g h t ha t t h em i d d l ea b o us e v e nf e e t; t h et o pi s g e n e r a l l yf i n i s h e da c c o r d i nt ot h ef a n c yo f t h eA r c h e r ,a s p y r a m i d i c a l ,c i r c u l a r ,o ri n t h es h a p eo fa nu r n ,( s e ep l a t e1 ,f i g u r e4 , . )

M r .R o b e r t sr e c o m m e n d st u r fc u tf r o mc o m m oa sp o s s e s s i n gt h er o o t so fh e a t h ,a n di s t h e r e f o r ep r ef e r a b l et oa n yo t h e r ,b e c a u s e ,i t k n i t st h es o d sf i r m l yt o g e t h e r ,a n dm a k e st h e mm o r ed u r a b l e .

I f t h eB u t t sa r eb u i l ti n a f i e l do r p a s t u r ew b e r es h e e pa r es u f f e r e dt og r a z e ,t h e ys h o u l db ef e n c e di n

w i t ha s l i g h tm o v e a b l er a i l i n g ,t o p r e v e n tt h es h e e pf r o mr u b b i n ga g a i n s tt h es i d e s ,a n dd u r i n gt h es h o o ti n g ,t h e ys h o u l db ep e n n ' du p ,t op r e v e n ta c c i d e n t s

A s e to fb u t t sc o n s i s to ff o u r ,a n ds oe r e c t e d ,t h a to n es h a l ln o ti n t e r c e p tt h ev i e wo fa n o t h e r ;t h e yt a k eu pv e r yl i t t l er o o mi nw i d t h ,a n da r e g e n e r a l l yb u i l ta c c o r d i n gt o t h ep l a nl a i dd o w ni n p l a t e2 n d .b yw h i c ha nA r c h e ri f h e s t a n d sa t t h es p o tm a r k eN o .1 , h a s at h i r t yy a r dm a r k ;l e th i ms t a n da tN o .2 , a n dh e h a st h i r t yy a r d sb a c ka g a i n .I f h es t a n d so nt h es p o tm a r k e d N o .3 ,h eh a sa s i x t yy a r dm a r k ,a tN o .4 ,h eh a st h es a m ed i s t a n c eb a c ka g a i n ,

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3 3f r o mN o .2 ,t oN o .5 , i s a n i n e t yy a r dm a r k ,a t N o ,6 ,

t h es a m eb a c ka g a i nf r o m5 , t o 7 , a n df r o m7 , t o 5 ,o n eh u n d r e d a n dt w e n t yy a r d s .

T h et w of u r t h e s tb u t t sm a yb e e r e c t e d e x a c t lo p p o s i t et oe a c ho t h e r ,t h et h i r t yy a r db u t ts h o u l db ea t l e a s tf i v ey a r d sf r o mt h el i n eo f t h eo t h e rt w o ,a n d

t h es i x t yy a r d sf i v em o r e .T h em a r kf i x e do n t h eb u t t s ,i s a r o u n dp i e c eo f

p a s t e b o a r df a s t e n e db ya p e gt h r o u g ht h ec e n t r e ,a n dt h es h o r t e rt h ed i s t a n c e t h es m a l l e rt h em a r ki s ,t h u sf o rt h e1 6r o o d s ,o r1 2 0y a r d s ,t h em a r ki s 1 6i n c h e s

i n d i a m e t e r; f o rt h e1 2r o o d so r9 0y a r d s ,1 2i n c h e si n d i a m e t e r: f o rt h e8 r o o d s ,o r 6 0y a r d s8 i n c h e sxa n df o rt h e4 r o o d s ,o r 3 0 y a r d s ,t h em a r ki s o n l y4 i n c h e s .

N os h o tr e c k o n sb u tt h a tw h i c hi sw i t h i n t h ep a s t e

b o a r d ,a n dh ew h oh i t si t m o s td u r i n gt h ed a y ,i s t h ew i n n e r ,b u tw h e r et w or e c k o nt h es a m en u m b e r , t h eh i sn e a r e s tt h ep e gc l a i m st h eg a m e; b u tw h e ni t i s -

d o u b t f u lw h oh a st h eb e s ts h o t ,t h e n t h e ys h o o ta g a i n , ,a n dh ew h oh i t sn e a r e s tt h em a r ki na n yp a r to f t h eb u t t ,o r t o s a v et i m ei n t h a ta d v a n c e ds t a t e ,w h oe v e ns h o o t sn e a r e s tt h eb u t ti t s e l f ,t h ef i r s ts h o ti s

t h ew i n n e r .T h es a m ea t t a g e ts h o o t i n g .

M a n yA r c h e r sc a ns h o o tb e t t e ra t o n ed i s t a n c et h a na n o t h e r ,t h e r e f o r e ,t h a tn om a ns h a l lk e e pa na d v a n t a g et o h i m s e l f ,' t i s c u s t o m a r yt o s h o o ta ne q u a ln u m b e ro fe n d sa t a l lt h eb u t t s .

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uA s i n g l ee n d ,i s m e r e l ys h o o t i n ga t o n em a r k ,b u t '

a d o u b l ee n di s s h o o t i n gb a c ka g a i nt o t h em a r ks h o tf r o m .

T a r g e tS h o o t i n g .

T a r g e ts h o o t i n gi s g e n e r a l l ya t o n ed i s t a n c e ,( v i a : )

g e n t l e m e n ' sa t 1 0 0y a r d s ,a n dt h el a d i e sa t6 0 . T i sb e s tf o rg e n t l e m e nt ob e g i na t 7 0o r8 0y a r d s ,

a n da st h e yi m p r o v e ,t op l a c et h e mf u r t h e ra p a r t .

T h et a r g e tc o n s i s t so f t h r e e t h i n g s; t h e b a s s ,t h ef a c i n g ,a n dt h es t a n d o rf r a m e .

T h ed i a m e t e ro f t h eg e n t l e m e n ' st a r g e tf f o mt h e -e x t r e m i t yo ft h eo u t e rc i r c l ei s f o u rf e e t ,a n da l ls h o t s -b e y o n dt h a t ,d on o tr e c k o na sb e i n gi n t h et a r g e t .

T h eb a s si s m a d eo fc o m p r e s s e ds t r a w ,a n dw r o u g ha f t e rt h em a n n e ro fb e eh i v e s .

S o m ey e a r ss i n c e ,t h e r ew a sa t r i f l i n gc o n t r o v eb e t w e e na f e wA r c h e r sr e s p e c t i n gt h eb a s s ,( v i z : )w h i c hw a s m o r ed u r a b l e ,t h a tm a d ef r o mt h r a s h es t r a w , o rf r o ms t r a wn o tt h r a s h e d -

S o m ew e r eo f o p i n i o n ,t h a tu n t h r a s h e ds t r a ww a s -m o s tp r e f e r a b l e ,b e c a u s ei t r e m a i n e du n b r o k e nb yt h eb l o w so f t h ef l a i l; w h i l eo t h e r sm a i n t a i n e dt h a tt h r a s h e ds t r a ww a st h eb e s t ,f o rt h ev e r yr e a s o nt h eo p p o s i t e p a r t y a s s i g n e d; f o ra s e v e r yu n t h r a s hs t r a wi s h o l l o ww h e nf o r m e di n t oa b a s s , t h eA r r o ww h i c hp e n e t r a t e sm u s ts p l i ti t , a n dt h e r e f o r em a k eH

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3 5f a l lf l a t ,t h e r e b ys h r i n k i n gi n t oa s m a l l e rs p a c et h a H

b e f o r e ,l o o s e n i n gt h eb i n d i n g ,c o n s e q u e n t l yw e a k e ni n gt h ew h o l ef a b r i c ,a n dr e n d e r i n gi t v e r ys o o nu n f i tf o ru s e .

B u tw h e nt h eb a s si s m a d eo f s t r a w ,a l r e a d yl a i df l a tb yt h ef l a i lb e f o r ei t i s b o u n d ,i t c a n n o ts h r i n ki n t oa s m a l l e rc o m p a s s ,b yt h ep e n e t r a t i o no f t h eA r r o w .

T h ef a c i n gi s g e n e r a l l yo f c a n v a s ss o w no nt h eb a s s .T h e r ea r ef o u rc i r c l e so nt h e f a c i n gi n d e p e n d -

a n to f t h eg o l do r c e n t r e ,( v i z: ) t h er e d ,i n n e rw h i t e ,b l a c k ,a n do u t e rw h i t e ,w h i c hl a s ti s b o r d e r e db yad a r kg r e e n .

L a d i e st a r g e t sa r eu p o nt h es a m ep r i n c i p l e ,b u tc o n s i d e r a b l ys m a l l e r .T h e r ei s l i k e w i s ea n o t h e rk i n d

o ft a r g e tm a d eo fm i l l b o a r d; t h i si s n o tn e a r s od u r ab l ea st h ef o r m e r ,b u tw h e nt h e ya r et o b ec a r r i e dt os o m ed i s t a n c ee v e r yt i m et h e ya r eu s e d ,t h e yt h e nb e c o m ed e s i r a b l e ,a s b e i n gs o p o r t a b l e ,t h a ta b o ym a yw i t he a s ec a r r ya p a i r ,a n dt h ef r a m e sa l s o .

I t i sn o t u s u a lt o s h o o ta to n et a r g e to n l y ,b u tb yh a v i n gt w o ,t h eA r c h e r ss h o o tf r o mo n et o t h eo t h e r ,a n ds a v ea d e a lo fu n n e c e s s a r yw a l k i n g .

A y o u n gA r c h e rs h o u l d n o t s h o o tb yh i m s e l f ,f o r

l i eg e t s i n t oa h a b i to f i n d i f f e r e n c e ,b u ti f h es h o o t sw i t ha n o t h e r ,h et h e na i m st o e m u l a t e ,a n dt h e r e f o r ei na l i t t l et i m es h o o t sw e D .

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3 6A st h eg r e a ta d v a n t a g eo fA r c h e r yi s t h e e x e r c

w h i c ha t t e n d si t ; e v e r yp e r s o ns h o o t i n g ,s h o u l dw a l kh i m s e l ft o t h ep l a c ew h e r eh i sA r r o w sa r es h o t ,a n dn o ts e n da n o t h e r .

N o tm o r et h a nt w oo rt h r e eA r r o w sa r es h o tw i t ha ta t i m e ,f o ra f t e rt h a t ,t h ea i mg e t su n s t e a d y .

I t i s b e s tt o s h o o t w i t ha l i t t l ee l e v a t i o n ,r a t l i et h a np o i n tb l a n k ,t h a tw h e nt h eA r r o wf a l l st h ef e at h e r sm a yr e m a i na b o v et h eg r a s s; i n s h o o t i n g ,p o i n tb l a n k ,t h eA r r o wn o to n l yl o o s e si t s e l fi n t i eg r a s sb u ti f i t i s a n y w a y sd a m p ,s p o i l st h ef e a t h e r s ,b es i d e sl o o s i n ga c o n s i d e r a b l et i m ei n - s e e k i n gf o rt h eA r r o w .

N e v e rs h o o tw h e nt h eg r a s si s a b o v et h es h o e su n l e s sa ta . v e r yg r e a te l e v a t i o n .

D on o t s h o o tw i t ha n o t h e rp e r s o n sB o w ,w i t h o uh i sp e r m i s s i o n ,f o ri f i t s h o u l db r e a k ,t h ed a m a gm a yb eg r e a t e rt h a nt h ei n t r i n s i cv a l u ec a nr e p a y .

A tt h et a r g e t st w op r i z e sa r es h o tf o r ,o n ef o rt h em o s tn u m b e ro fh i t s ,a n dt h eo t h e rf o rt h es h o tn e a r

e s tt h ec e n t r e; t h i si s c e r t a i n l yt h eb e s tw a y ,a si t i sa ne n c o u r a g e m e n tt o y o u n gA r c h e r s ,a n dg i v e st h e ma c h a n c ef o ra p r i z e; f o ra se v e r yA r r o wm u s th a v eal i g h t i n gp l a c e ,i t i s n o ti m p r o b a b l e ,t h a to n eo ft h e s em a yb ep l a c e di n t h e g o l d .

T h ep r i z ef o rn u m b e r sw i l la l w a y so f c o u r s eb ew o nb yt h eb e s tA r c h e r .

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3 7T h e r ea r et w ow a y si nr e c k o n i n gt h en u m b e r s; o n e

b yt h em e r en u m b e ro f b i t s ,w i t h o u td i s t i n c t i o nt ot h ec i r c l e s; t h eo t h e rb yt h eh i t sa st h e ya p p r o a c ht h ec e n t r e ,w h i c ht h en e a r e ri t i s , t h em o r ei t r e c ko n s ,t h u sa h i t i n t h e g o l d ,i s e q u a lt o n i n ei nt h eo u t e r - w h i t e ,b e c a u s et h eg o l di s n i n et i m e sl e s si n s i z e ,c o n s e q u e n t l yn i n et i m e al e s sc h a n c eo fh i t t i n gi t .

E v e r yc i r c l ea p p r o a c h i n gn e a r e rt o t h ec e n t r e ,b e c o m i n gs m a l l e ri nt h ec i r c u m f e r e n c e ,t h ec h a n c e so fh i t t i n gt h e ma r el i k e w i s es m a l l e r; t h e r e f o r e ,a r er e c k o n e da c c o r d i n gt ot h o s ec h a n c e s ,t h a ta r ea g a i n s tt h es h o o t e r .

T h ed i a m e t e ro f t h eg o l di s n i n ei n c h e sa n dah a l f .

T h ev a l u eo fe a c hc i r c l ea c c o r d i n gt o t h eT o x o -p h i l i t eS o c i e t y ' ss y s t e mi n c r e a s e s t w o ,( v i z : )

T h eo u t e r - w h i t e ,o n e .T h eb l a c k ,t h r e e .T h ei n n e r - w h i t e ,f i v e .

T h er e d ,s e v e n .A u dt h eg o l d ,n i n e .

B u tt h e yc o n s i d e r a b l yo v e r - r a t em o s to f t h e m ,t h er e a lv a l u eb e i n gf o r—

T h eg o l d ,n i n e .T h er e d ,t h r e e .T h e ^ i u n e r - w b i t e , t w o .

D

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3 8T h eb l a c k ,o n e a n da q u a r t e r ,o rf i v ec o u n t s ,f o r

e v e r yf o u rh i t s .

A n dt h eo u t e r - w h i t eo n e .

T h et a r g e tc o n t a i n sa b o u ts e v e n t e e nh u n d r e da n df i f t yf o u rs q u a r ei n c h e s ,a n da r et h u sd i v i d e di n t ot h e

f i v ec i r c l e s ,v i z:

T h eg o l d ,s e v e n t yt w o .T h er e d ,t w o h u n d r e da n df o u r t e e n .T h ei n n e r - w h i t e ,t h r e eh u n d r e da n df i f t y - t w o .T h eb l a c k ,f o u rh u n d r e da n dn i n e t y .

A n dt h eo u t e r - w h i t e ,s i xh u n d r e da n dt w e n t y - s i x

I f t h ea g g r e g a t ea m o u n to f e v e r yc i r c l ei s d i v i d eb yi t sw i d t h ,( v i z: ) f o u ri n c h e sa n dt h r e eq u a r t e rt h ec i r c u m f e r e n c eo fe a c hw i l lh e—

F o rt h eg o l d ,f i f t e e ni n c h e s .T h er e d ,f o r t y - f i v e .T h ei n n e r - w h i t e , s e v e n t y - f o u r .T h eb l a c k ,o n eh u n d r e da u dt h r e e .

A n dt h eo u t e r - w h i t e ,o n eh u n d r e da n dt h i r t y - t w

w h i c hi f t h e yc o u l db ed r a w ns t r a i g h t ,t h e i rd i f f e r e nl e n g t h sw o u l db ea f t e rt h ef o l l o w i n g p r o p o r t

G o l dR e d

—— I n n e r - w h i t e• B l a c k

O u t e r - )w h i t e)

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3 9b yw h i c hi t w i l la p p e a rt h a tt h eg o l di s a n i n t hp a r to f t h es i z eo f t h eo u t e r - w h i t e ,t h er e da t h i r d ,t h ei n n e r - w h i t eh a l f ,a n dt h eb l a c ko n l yf o u r - f i f t h s .

I f a p e r s o nw a st o h i tt h et a r g e te v e r yt i m e ,t h ec h a n c eo f h i sh i t t i n gt h eg o l d ,w o u l d -b et w e n t y - f o ut o o n ea g a i n s th i m .

T h es k i r to rm a r g i no f t h et a r g e t ,h a so fl a t ey e a r sb ym a n yA r c h e r sb e e nc a l l e dt h ep e t t i c o a t ,a n db yo t h e r st h es o u s - .

I nk e e p i n ga n a c c o u n to f t h eg a m e ,a s h o o t e ra te a c ht a r g e ts h o u l dh a v ea c a r dm a r k e do u ti n t os q u a r e sw i t ht h en a m e so f t h eA r c h e r sw r o t ed o w no nt h el e f ts i d e ,a n dt h en a m e so f t h ec i r c l e so nt h et o p ,( s e ep l a t e2 n d ,f i g u r e1 , )w h e r eA .B .a n dC . a r es h o o t e r s ;A .h a sg o tt h r e es h o t si n t h e g o l d ,s e v e ni nt h er e d ,t e ni n .t h ei n n e r - w h i t e ,t w e l v ei n t h eb l a c k ,

a n dt w e n t yi n t h eo u t e r - w h i t e ,w h i c ha m o u n t si n t h et o t a lt o f i f t y - t w o; b u ta c c o r d i n gt o t h ev a l u eo fe a c hc i r c l e ,t o o n eh u n d r e da n dt h r e e ,( v i z: ) b ym u l t i p l y i nt h eh i t si n t h eg o l db yn i n e ,i n t h er e db yt h r e e ,i nt h ei n n e r - w h i t eb yt w o ,t h eb l a c ko n ef o u r t ho f i t s

h i t sa d d e dt o g e t h e r ,a n di n t h e o u t e r - w h i t e ,e a c hh i ts t a n d i n gf o ro n e .

B .h a st h r e ei nt h eg o l d ,f o u ri n t h er e d ,t w e l v ei nt h ei n n e r - w h i t e ,s e y e ni n t h eb l a c k ,a n dt w e n t y - t wi n t h eo u t e r - w h i t e: t h et o t a lo f w h i c hi s f o r t y - e i g h t

b u tt h e v a l u en i n e t y - t h r e e .D 2

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4 0

A n dC . h a so n ei nt h eg o l d ,t w oi n t h er e d ,f o u ri nt h ei n n e r - w h i t e ,s i xi nt h eb l a c k ,a n dt e ni nt h e o u t ew h i t e; t o t a lt w e n t y -t h r e e ,v a l u ef o r t y .

L e ti t b es u p p o s e d ,t h a tt h ea b o v et h r e ea r es h o o ti n gf o ra c u pa n dm e d a l ,A ,a s h a v i n gm o s tn u m b

o fs h o t s ,i s e n t i t l e d t ot h ee u p ,a n dC ,t h o u g hh eh a sa l e s sn u m b e rt h a nB ,y e th i so n es h o ti n t h eg o l db e i n gn e a r e rt h a na n yo fB ' s ,i s e n t i t l e d t ot h em e d a lb u to n eo fA ' si s s t i l ln e a r e rt h a nC ' s . —A ,c a n n oc l a i mb o t hp r i z e s ,b u ta s h e h a sw o nb o t h ,h em a y

t a k eh i sc h o i c e; i f h et a k e st h em e d a lf o rt h ec e n t r as h o t ,B ,a s b e i n gn e x ti nn u m b e r s ,c a n n o tc l a i mt h ec u p ,t h a tw o u l db eu n f a i rt oC ,w h ow o u l db ee n t i t l et ot h em e d a l ,i fA t o o kt h ec u p .—I t s e e m sb u tr e as o n a b l e ,t h a ti f A , t a k e sC ' sp r i z e ,C ,s h o u l dh a v e

A ' s; a st h ec u pi s o ft h eg r e a t e s tv a l u e: i t i s n o tp r ob a b l ea n yd i s p u t ew i l le v e ro c c u r .

A p i ns h o u l db es u s p e n d e df r o mt h ec a r d ,t op r i c kd o w nt h es h o t s ,—t h em a r ko f a p e n c i lm a yr u bo u t ,a n di n ki nt h ef i e l di s i n c o n v e n i e n t ,b u tt h ep r i c ko f

a p i nc a n n o te a s i l yb ed e f a c e d .T h ec a r do n l ya c c o u n t sf o rt h eb a r en u m b e ro f

s h o t s ,n o tt h ec e n t r a lo n e s ,s o w h e nt w oo r m o r eh a v eh i t si nt h eg o l d ,t o p r e v e n td i s p u t e s ,e v e r yA rc h e rs h o u l dw r i t eh i sn a m eo v e ri t , b e f o r eh ed r a w sh i sA r r o w ,a n dw h i c hb y et h el y ew o u l ds t a n da sam e m o r i a lo f h i sa c h i e v e m e n t s ,a s l o n ga st h et a r g e tl a s t e d .

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4 1

I f t h eA r r o w sf a l lu p o nt h ee d g eo fa c i r c l e ,i tc o u n t si nt h a to n ew h i c hh a st h eg r e a t e rp a r t; b u ti fi t i s s oe q u a la s t om a k ei t d o u b t f u l ,w h i c hc i r c l ei t

i sm o s ti n ,t h eA r r o wi s c o u n t e da sa h i ti nt h eo u t e r -o n e ,s oa g a i ni f t h eA r r o wl i g h t sm o r eu p o nt h eb o r

d e rt h a nt h eo u t e r - w h i t e ,i t r e c k o n sn o t h i n g; b u tm a n ys o c i e t i e sw i l ln o ta l l o wa nA r r o wt or e c k o ni na c i r c l e ,u n l e s si t i s c o m p l e t e l yw i t h i ni t ,b u tm u s tb er e c k o n e di n t h eo u t e r - o n e .

L a d i e st a r g e t sc o n t a i na b o u tf i v eh u n d r e da n df i f t y

s q u a r ei n c h e s ,a n dm a yb et h u sd i v i d e d:—T h eg o l d ,t w e n t y - o n e .T h er e d ,s i x t y - f i v e .T h ei n n e r - w h i t e ,o n eh u n d r e da n dt e n .T h eb l a c k ,o n eh u n d r e da n df i f t y - f i v e .

A n dt h eo u t e r - w h i t e ,t w oh u n d r e da n dt w o .

I ft h e s er e s p e c t i v en u m b e r sa r el i k e w i s ed i v i d e db yt h e i rw i d t h ,t h e i rc i r c u m f e r e n c ew i l lb e—

F o rt h eg o l d ,e i g h ti n c h e s .

L T h er e d ,t w e n t y - f i v e .T h ei n n e r - w h i t e ,f o r t y - t w o .T h eb l a c k ,f i f t y - n i n e .A n dt h eo u t e r - w h i t e ,s e v e n t y - s i x .

A n dw h i c hi f l a i do u ti ns t r a i g h tl i n e sw i l lb ea f t e rt h es a m ep r o p o r t i o na st h ef o r m e r .

M r .R o b e r t si n h i sE n g l i s hB o w m a n ,( p a g e1 1 3 , )g i v e sa na c c o u n to ft h en u m b e ro f s h o t sb yw h i c ha

D 3

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4 2m e m b e ro f t h eT o x o p h i l i t es o c i e t yw o nt h e p r i z ei n

1 7 0 5 ;f o u ri n t h eg o l d ;s e v e n t e e ni n t h er e d; n i n et e e ni n t h ei n n e r - w h i t e ;t w e n t y - f o u ri n t h eb l a c k ;a n dt w e n t y - s i xi n t h eo u t e r - w h i t e ,i n t h ew h o l en i n e ts h o t s ,w h i c hu n d o u b t e d l yi s v e r yg r e a ts h o o t i n g; b u tt h ev a l u eo f t h o s en i n e t ys h o t sh e m a k e sa m o u n

a c c o r d i n gt o t h e i rs y s t e m ,t ot h r e eh u n d r e da n df o r t ye i g h t ,w h e nt h e i rr e a lv a l u ei s n om o r et h a no n eh u nd r e da n de i g h t y - o n e .

R o v i n gi s a n o t h e r k i n do f s h o o t i n g ,v e r yd i f f e r ef r o mt h ef o r m e r ,b u te q u a l l ya n dt o s o m eA r c h e

m o r ep l e a s i n g ,e a c hs h o ta l m o s t a l w a y sv a r y i n gf r o mt h el a s t . ^

T h em a r k sg e n e r a l l yc o n s i s to f T r e e s ,B u s h e s ,o ra n yo t h e rc o n s p i c u o u so b j e c t .

T h er e a s o nt h i sk i n do f s h o o t i n gi s c a l l e dr o v i n g

i s ,b e c a u s et h es h o o t e r sa r en o tc o n f i n e dt o a n yp a rt i c u l a rs p o t ,b u t s h o o tf r o mf i e l dt o f i e l d ,t h r o u g hac o u n t r yo fs o m em i l e si n c i r c u i t .T h es o r to fc o u nt r ym o s ta d a p t e dt o r o v i n gi s ,w h e r et h e r ea r em a n ys t r a g g l i n gt r e e s ,n o tc o n f i n e di n h e d g e s ,a n dw h e r

t h es h o o t e r sc a nw i t h o u td i f f i c u l t yt r a v e r s ef r o mf i e l dt o f i e l d .

A r o v i n g p a r t ys h o u l dn o te x c e e dm o r et h a ns i xp e r s o n s ,a b o v et h a tn u m b e rt h e ys h o u l dd i v i d ei n t oc o m p a n i e s ,t h u s t h ef i r s tc o m p a n yt a k e st h el e a d ,a n d

w h e nt h e yh a v es h o tt o t h en e x tm a r k ,a n dw a l k es o m ed i s t a n c e ,t h e nt h es e c o n dc o m p a n ys h o o tt ot h ef i r s t ,a n ds oo nw i t ht h eo t h e r s .

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4 3

A c o m p a n yi s n o tc o m p e l l e dt o f o l l o wa n o t h e rc o m p a n y ' sm a r k s ,t h o u g ht h e y s h o u l dn e v e rb em o r et h a na f i e l do rt w oa p a r t .

T h en u m b e ro f t h eg a m ei s o p t i o n a l ,b u tl a t t e r l ym a n yA r c h e r sh a v em a d ei t s e v e n .

A r r o w st h a tr e a c ht h em a r kw i t h i nf i v el e n g t h so fi t sB o w ,r e c k o n ,y e tw i t ht h i se x c e p t i o n ,t h a ti f s e v er a ls h o o tw i t h i nt h ed i s t a n c e ,t h en e a r e s tc u t st h eo t h e r so u t; t h u sA .a n dB . a r e a d v e r s a r i e s ,A ,h a st w oc o u n t s; B . o n e; b u tB ' sA r r o wi s b e t w e e nA ' st w o ,b yw h i c hh e c u t sA ' sf u r t h e s tA r r o wo u t ,a n dd o e sn o ts c o r eh i m s e l f ,b e c a u s eA ' sf i r s tA r r o wi sb ef o r eh i s ,b u ti fA h a st w oA r r o w sw i t h i nf i v el e n g t h so fh i sB o w ,u n s e p a r a t e db yh i sa d v e r s a r y ,t h e nh es c o r e st w o; i n s h o r te v e r yA r r o wc o m i n gw i t h i nt h el i m i t si s c u to u tb yt h ef i r s to f t h ea d v e r s a r y ' s ,t h i sl a wi s t h o u g h tb ys o m eA r c h e r st ob ev e r ya r b i t r a r y ,a n dt h e r e f o r ei s n o tg e n e r a l l yf o l l o w e d .

M a n ya l l o we v e r yA r r o wt o c o u n tt h a ti s w i t h i nr e a c h; s e v e ni t h a sb e e ns a i di s g a m e ,b u tw h e r et w oa sp a r t n e r ss h o o ta g a i n s tt w o ,t h e na g r e a t e rn u m b e ri s g a m e .

W h e nt h r e eA r c h e r ss h o o ta g a i n s tt w oo f e q u a ls k i l lt h e nt h e t h r e em u s tr e c k o nm o r et o t h e i rg a m e

t h a nt h eo t h e rt w o ,b u tg o o dA r c h e r ss h o o t i n ga g a i n s ti n f e r i o ro n e ' sm a ya l l o w t h eo d d s .

I nm e a s u r i n gt h ed i s t a n c e ,t h eA r c h e rp l a c e so n e

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4 4e n do f h i sB o wa g a i n s tt h et r e e ,a f o o tf r o mt h eg r o u n d .

T h u si f t w oA r r o w sa r ee v e ns h o ti n t ot h et r u n c ko fa t r e e ,t h a to n ew h i c hi s n e a r e s tt o a f o o tf r o mt h eg r o u n d ,w i l lc u tt h eo t h e ro u t .

I f a nA r r o wi s s h o ti n t ot h eg r o u n dw i t h i na f o o to ft h et r u n k ,a n da n o t h e ri n t h eb r a n c h e s ,t h ef i r s ti s

t h eb e s ts h o t ,b e c a u s et h et r u n c ki s t h em a r k ,a n dn o tt h eb r a n c h e s ,f o rf r o mt h ee l e v a t i o no ft h eA r r o wi t i s m o s tr e a s o n a b l et o b e s u p p o s e d ,i t w o u l dh a v e

g o n ea c o n s i d e r a b l ed i s t a n c ef a r t h e ri f i t h a dn o tb e e ns t o p p e db yt h eb r a n c h e s ,b u ti f n oo t h e rA r r o wi s w i t h i nc o u n t ,t h e nt h a ti n t h eb r a n c h e sm a yr e c k o n .

I f e v e r yA r r o wi s a l l o w e dt o c o u n tt h a ti s w i t h i n

t h ef i v eB o wl e n g t h s ,t h e nm o r et h a ns e v e no u g h tt ob et h eg a m e .

W h e na nA r r o wi s s h o ti n t oa t r e e ,o r i nw o o do fa n yd e s c r i p t i o n ,a n di t d o e sn o tc o m eo u te a s i l y ,t h ew o o dr o u n dt h eA r r o wm u s tb ec u ta w a y .

T h em a r k s m u s tb ew i t h i nt h er e a c ho fe v e r yA rc h e r ' sA r r o w ,a n dw h e nt h a t ,i s n o tt h ec a s e ,t h e nh ew h oc a n n o ts h o o ts of a rm u s tw a l ki n u n t i lh ec a n ,b u tt h e nh e m u s tu s ea f l i g h tA r r o wa n dd r a wi t u pt o a ne l e v a t i o no ff o r t y - f i v ed e g r e e s .

I n m e a s u r i n gt h ed i s t a n c eo f a nA r r o wf r o mt h em a r k ,t h eA r c h e rm a yp l a c et h ee n do f h i sB o wt oa n yp a r to f t h eA r r o wh el i k e s .

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4 5E v e r yA r c h e rm u s tm e a s u r et h ed i s t a n c ew i t hh i s

o w nB o w ;b u tw h e r et w oA r r o w sa r en e a r l yw i t h i na ne q u a ld i s t a n c e ,t h e nt o s e ew h i c hi s n e a r e s tt h e ym e as u r ew i t ht h es a m eb o w .

H ew h og a i n st h el a s ts h o t ,h a st h ep r i v i l e g eo fn a m i n gt h en e x tm a r k ,a n dc o n t i n u e st h a tp r i v i l e g e

t i l la n o t h e rs c o r e s .I t i s n e c e s s a r yf o re v e r yA r c h e rt o h a v en e a r l ya

d o z e nA r r o w sb yh i m ,a si n r o v i n g ,a f e ww i l ln o tb es u f f i c i e n t .

B l u n t - h e a d e dA r r o w sa r eh e r eb e t t e rt h a ns h a r po n e s .

T h em a r k sa r eg e n e r a l l ya b o u tt w oh u n d r e dy a r d sd i s t a n t .

F l i g h tS h o o t i n g .

F l i g h ts h o o t i n gi s a n o t h e rk i n d o fd i v e r s i o nw i t ht h e l o n gB o w ,b u ti t i s v e r yl i t t l ep r a c t i s e d ,a si t so n l yt e n d e n c yi s t os e ew h oc a ns h o o tf a r t h e s t ;i t i s r a t h e rd a n g e r o u st o t h eB o w ,a s i t c o m p e l sA r c h e r st o u s el o n g e rA r r o w st h a ng e n e r a l; t h e l o n g e s ta n dl i g h t e s tt h a tw i l ls t a n di n t h eB o wa r es e l e c t e d .

T h ef a r t h e s tA r r o wc o u n t s ,a n ds od o e se v e r yo t h e rt h a ti s s e n tf a r t h e rt h a nh i sa d v e r s a r y ' s: s e v e ni s

g a m e .C l o u tS h o o t i n g .

T h i si s a r o u n dp i e c eo f p a s t e - b o a r do f a b o u tt w e l v ei n c h e sd i a m e t e r ,s p l i c e di na s t i c ka n ds t u c k

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4 6i wt h eg r o u n d ,a n dg e n e r a l l yp l a c e df r o mo n eh u n d r e

a n df i f t y ,t o t w oh u n d r e dy a r d sa p a r t ,a n de v e r yA r r o wt h a tc o u n t sm u s tb ew i t h i nt h r e eB o w sl e n g t ho ft h ec l o u t; a n dt h er e a s o ni t i s l i m i t e d t o t h ri s

t h a ta nA r c h e rm a ys o o ns h o o tw i t h i nt h a td i s t a n cw h e nt h em a r k sc o n t i n u et h es a m e; i t i s o n l yw h e n

t h e y v a r yi nl e n g t h ,a si nr o v i n g , t h a tf i v eB o wl e n g t ha r ea l l o w e d .

C l o u ts h o o t i n gi s m o s t l yp r a c t i s e db yt h o s e ,w h oh a v en o tt h ec o n v e n i e n c eo f a g r o u n dn e a rh o m ew h e r et h e yc a ns h o o ta t t a r g e t so rb u t t s ,b u th a v et or e s o r tt oa c o m m o no r p u b l i cf i e l d s , ,i n w h i c hc a s ef o rt h e i rp o r t a b l e n e s s t h es m a l lm i l l - b o a r dt a r g e to rc l o u t sa r et a k e n w i t ht h e m .S o m eA r c h e r sn e a rL o nd o nm a k et h ec l o u t so f w h i t ec l o t hw i t ha s e a mo ne a c hs i d e ,a n da s t i c kr u nt h r o u g hf o rt h ec o n v e ne n c eo fr o l l i n gu p . S e v e ni s t h eg a m e .

M r .R o b e r t si n h i sE n g l i s hB o w m a n ,m e n t i o naf e wo t h e rg a m e s , b u tw h i c ha r es e l d o mo r e v e rf o ll o w e d ,t h o s em o s tp r a c t i s e da r et h et a r g e t s ,b u t t s

a n dr o v i n g .

T h ef o l l o w i n ga r t i c l e sa r et h eA r c h e r ' sa c c o u t rm e n t s ,a n dw h i c hh e w i l lf i n dn e c e s s a r yt oc a l li n t oh i sa i d ,—v i z :—T h eb r a c e ,t h es h o o t i n gg l o v e ,t h et a s s e l ,t h eb e l ta n dp o u c h ,t h eq u i v e r ,a n dg r e a s

b o x .

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4 7

T h eB r a c e

B u c k l e sr o u n dt h eB o w - a r mt o p r e v e n tt h es t r i n gh u r t i n gi t , w h i c hw i t h o u to n e ,w o u l dr e n d e rt h eA r c h e ri n c a p a b l eo fs h o o t i n gf r o mt h ep a i nt h es t r o k eo f t h e- s t r i n gw o u l di n f l i c t .I n f o r m e rt i m e sm a n yA r c h e r sd i d n o tw e a ra n yt h i n gt o p r o t e c tt h ea r m ,b u tb r a c e dt h es t r i n gs oh i g hf r o mt h eB o wt h a tw h e nl o o s e dc o u l dn o tr e a c ht h ea r m ,b u ts u c ha p l a ni s

b a d ,a n dw i l lo f t e ne n d a n g e rt h eB o w; f o ra s i t a lw a y sr e c e i v e sa j e r kw h e nl o o s e d ,i f i t i s r e c e i v e dw h e nt h eB o wi s m u c hb e n t , t h eg r a i no f t h ew o o db e i n gl i k e w i s eb e n t ,i s m o r el i k e l yt ob r e a kf r o mt h ef o r c eo f t h a tj e r k .

N o rc a na B o wo v e r s t r u n gs e n da nA r r o ws o f a ra s o n eu n d e r s t r u n g ,l i k ea r o a nw h o s ea r mi s h a l fc o n f i n e d ,c a n n o tf l i n ga s t o n es o f a ra s o n ew h oh a st h ef u l lu s eo f i t , s o i f a B o wi s s t o p p e di n i t sv e l o c i t yb yt h ec o n f i n e m e n to f t h es t r i n g ,i t c a n n o ts e n da nA r r o ws of a ra sw h e ni t h a sa g r e a t e rc o u r s et o m a k e ,

A B o wi s o v e r s t r u n gw h e nt h ec e n t r eo f t h es t r i n gm e a s u r e sf r o mt h ec e n t r eo f t h eB o w , m o r et h a ns i xi n c h e s ,a u dl a d i e s 'B o w sf i v ei n c h e s .

A st h e n ,t h e r ea r et w og r e a td i s a d v a n t a g e sa t t e n

d i n g aB p wo v e r s t r u n g; m o d e r nA r c h e r sa l w a y sw e a rt h eb r a c e ,a n dw h i c hi s g e n e r a l l ym a d eo f s t o u tl e a

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4 8t h e r: t h e s u r f a c es h o u l db es m o o t ht h a tt h es t r i no a yt h eb e t t e rg l i d eo v e ri t ,

T h eS h o o t i n gG l o v e ,

I s t os a v et h ef i n g e r sf r o mb e i n gh u r tb yt h es t r i n g

a n dc o n s i s t so f t h r e ef i n g e rs t a l l s ,a b a c kt h o n gc u ti n t ot h r e es l i p sa n da c r o s ss t r a p ,w h i c hb u t t o n sr o u nt h ew r i s t ,t h ef i n g e rs t a l l sa r es o w nt ot h et h r e es l i p so ft h et h o n g ,a n da r ep u to nt h ef i n g e r st h a td r a wt h es t r i n g; s o m eA r c h e r so n l yu s et w of i n g e r s ,b u tt h a t

c a no n l yb ed o n et ow e a kB o w s ,o r s h o r ts h o o t i n;t oa s t r o n gB o wa t h i r d f i n g e ri s a b s o l u t e l yn e c e ss a r y; t h es t a l l ss h o u l dn o tp r o j e c tm o r eo v e rt h ef i n g e r st h a ni s s u f f i c i e n t t op r o t e c tt h e m ,a st h es t r i ng l i d e sb y ,n o rd r a w ns of a ra st oc o v e rt h ef i r s tj o i n t

f o rt h a tw i l lc o n f i n et h e mf r o mt h ep o w e ro f d r a wu pt h eB o ww e l l .

T h eB e l t

B u c k l e sr o u n dt h ew a i s t ,f r o mw h i c ho nt h er i g h ts i d ei s s u s p e n d e dt h ep o u c ho rb u c k e t ,t or e c e i v et h eA r r o w s ,i n t e n d e df o rp r e s e n tu s e .

T h et a s s e li s h u n go nt h el e f ts i d ef o rt h e p u r po fw i p i n gt h ed i r tf r o mt h eA r r o w ,t h a tm a yh a p p e

t o c l i n gt oi t ,w h e nd r a w no u to ft h eg r o u n d .T h et a s s e li s a v e r yr e q u i s i t ea c c o u t r e m e nt o a n

A r c h e r ,f o ra nA r r o wc a ns e l d o mb ed r a w nf r o mt h e

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4 9

g r o u n dw i t h o u ts o m ed i r ta d h e r i n g -t oi t ,w h i c hi f n o tw i p e do f fw i l lp r e v e n tt h eA r r o wf r o mf l y i n g .T h et a s s e li s t h e ns u s p e n d e df r o mt h eb e l to nt h el e f ts i d ef o rt h a tp u r p o s e ,a n dw h i c hi s u s e dd i r e c t l yt h eA rr o wi sd r a w no u t o ft h eg r o u n d .

T h eG r e a s eB o x

I ss u s p e n d e df r o mt h em i d d l eo ft h eb e l t ,a n dc o nt a i n sa c o m p o s i t i o n ,f o ra n o i n t i n go c c a s i o n a l l y tf i n g e ro ft h es h o o t i n gg l o v e ,t h a tt h es t r i n gm a yt h em o r er e a d i l ys l i po f f ,l i k e w i s et h eb r a c ew h e ni t i sw o r nr o u g h .

T h eQ u i v e r

i s n e v e rc o n s t a n t l yw o r nb u ti nr o v i n g ;i ns h o o t i n ga t t a r g e t so r b u t t s ,i t i s p l a c e da f e wy a r d sb yt h es i d eo f t h e m ,t w oo rt h r e eA r r o w so n l yb e i n gs u f f i c ie n t ,t h er e s ta r ek e p ti n r e s e r v e ,t o s u p p l yt h ep l a c eo f t h o s et h a tm a ym e e tw i t ha c c i d e n t s ,o r f o ra n y

o t h e rc a u s et h a tt h es h o o t e rm a yw i s ht o c h a n g et h e m .Q u i v e r sw e r ef o r m e r l ym a d eo f w o o d ,a n dw h i c hw e r es u c c e e d e db yt h o s eo f l e a t h e r ,b u tf o rt h e s el a s tf e wy e a r s ,t i nq u i v e r sh a v e b e e np r e f e r r e db ya l m o s te v e r yA r c h e r ,a sT t e e p i n gt h eA r r o w sm o r e

s e c u r ef r o mt h ew e t ,a n db e i n gc o n s i d e r a b l yl i g h t e r ,a n dt h o u g ht h el a s tr e a s o n ,n o tt h el e a s t ,b e i n gt h r e ef o u r t h sl e s se x p e n c e .

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5 0

A nA s c h a mI s a l o n gu p r i g h tc a s ef o rt h ep u r p o s eo fc o n t a i

i n gt h ew h o l eo f t h e A r c h e r ' sA c c o u t r e m e n ti t i s

c o n s i d e r a b l yd e e p e ra t n e a r l yt h em i d d l et o t h eb o tt o m ,t h a na t t h et o p ,t h el o w e rp a r th o l d sa r a c kf o r

a b o v ef o u rd o z e no fA r r o w s; t h i sr a c kd o e sn o tg oq u i t et o t h eb a c k ,b u t as p a c ei s l e f tf o rt h eB o w st oh a n gb e h i n d; a t t h et o pa r e g e n e r a l l ya c o u p l eo fd r a w e r st o p a tt h es m a l l e ra c c o u t r e m e n t s ,( s e ep l a t e2 n d .f i g u r e2 . )

G e n t l e m e nh a v et h e i rA s c h a m sg e n e r a l l yp l a c e di nt h e i rM a l l s ,a n di s r a t h e ra no r n a m e n tt o t h e mt h e no t h e r w i s e ,a n da m o n ga s o c i e t yo fA r c h e r s ,w h e nt h e ya r ep l a c e di na r o wi nt h e i rp a v i l l i o no rm e e t i n gr o o mw i t he a c h ,h i sa r m sa n dc r e s tp a i n t e do nt h e m ,t h e ya s s u m ea n o b l ea p p e a r a n c e .

C r o s sB o w—P l a t e2 , F i g u r e6 .

T h i sc a nh a r d l yb es a i dt o c o m eu n d e rt h eh e a do f

A r c h e r y ,f o rn o to n er u l ei n t h ef o r e g o i n gp a g e si sa p p l i c a b l et ot h i s ;b u tt h o s ew h ou s e dt h e mi nf o r m et i m e si n b a t t l e ,w e r ea l w a y ss t i l e dA r c h e r s ,o r C r o s sB o wM e n ,a n di n d e e dt h e ym i g h tb ec a l l e ds ow i t hm o r ep r o p r i e t yt h e nt h o s ew h ou s et h e mn o w ,f o r

t h o s eA r c h e r sd i s c h a r g e dA r r o w sf r o mt h e i rB o w s;

t h ep r e s e n to n e ss h o o to n l yb u l l e t s ,w h a t e v e rm i g hh a v eb e e ni t s p o w e r sa sa w e a p o no f w a r ;i t i s n o w

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5 1l i k et h el o n gB o w ,r e d u c e dt oa ni n s t r u m e n t o fa m u s em e n t ,a n dt h a ta m u s e m e n tc h i e f l yc o n f i n e d ,a n df o rw h i c hi t i s w e l la d a p t e df o rs h o o t i n gH o o k s ,H a r e s ,R a b b i t s ,a n dG a m ei ng e n e r a l

T h em o d e r nC r o s sB o wf o rt h a tp u r p o s ep o s s e s s e s

o u eg r e a ta d v a n t a g eo v e r t h e f o w l i n gp i e c e ,w h i c hi s ,t h a ti n t h ed i s c h a r g e ,i t i s f r e ef r o ma n yl o u dn o i s e ,f o ra p e r s o nw h e ns h o o t i n g w i t ha f o w l i n gp i e c ei nar o o k e r yo r w a r r e n ,i s s u r et oa l a r mt h ew h o l ef r a t e rn i t yb yt h er e p o r to ft h ef i r s tf i r e ,w h i c hm a k e si t a

c o n s i d e r a b l et i m eb e f o r eh ec a ng e ta s e c o n d ,b u taC r o s sB o wh a so n l ya s l i g h tt w a n gi n t h el o o s e .

I t l i k e w i s ep o s s e s s e sa na d v a n t a g ee q u a lw i t ht h er i f l e ,t h ea i mb e i n gg u i d e db yt h ep o s i t i o no f as m a l lm o v e a b l eb e a d ,a n dw h i c hc a nb ep l a c e dt o s u c ha n

e x a c t n e s sa st ob r i n gd o w na tn i n e t y ,o ro n eh u n d r e da n dt w e n t yf e e tt oa c e r t a i n t y ,t h eo b j e c ta i m e da t .

T h es h o o t e rw i l lp l e a s et o o b s e r v et h ef o l l o w i n gd i r e c t i o n s ,h o wt ou s et h eC r o s sB o w .

P u l lb a c kt h es p r i n ga t t h el o w e re n do f t h eb u t t ,N o .2 .

B r i n go u tt h el e v e rt oi t s f u l le x t e n t ,N o .3 .

P l a c et h ee n do f t h eB o wa g a i n s t t h eg r o u n d ,a l

m o s tp e r p e n d i c u l a r l yd o w n .R e s tt h eb u t t - e n d f i r ma g a i n s tt h et h i g h ,o r l o w e r

p a r to ft h eb o d y .E 2

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5 2I n t h es t r i n g ,a p l a c ei s m a d et o r e c e i v et h eh a l l ,

c a l l e dt h ec r a d l e ,N o .1 .

W i t hb o t hh a n d sc l o s eo ne a c hs i d eo f t h ec r a d l e ,p u l lt h es t r i n gu pt o t h ee n do f t h el e v e r ,t i l lt h ee v eu n d e rt h ec r a d l ef a s t e n so nt h ec a t c h ,c a l l e dt h et u mb l e r ,N o .4 , t h e n p r e s st h eb a l li n t ot h ec e n t r eo fc r a d l e .

B r i n gt h er i g h ta r mf o r w a r d ,t h a tt h ep a l mo f t h eh a n dm a yr e s to nt h eb u t t o n o ft h el e v e r .

P u s ht h el e v e rh o m ea n dn o tp u l li t .

T h eh a n d m u s tn o tb el a k e nf r o mt h e b u t t o n ,u n t i lc e r t a i nt h el e v e ri s f a s tw i t h i nt h es p r i n g , a st h ev e l o

c i t yw i t hw h i c hi t w o u l dr e t u r n ,m i g h th u r tt h es h o o t ew a si t t os t r i k eh i m ,a n dp r o b a b l yb r e a kt h es t o c k .

I f t h eo b j e c ts h o u l dr e m o v ew h i l ed r a w i n gu pt h eB o w ,l e tt h el e v e rg og e n t l yb a c k ,b u ti f i t i s a l r e a d yf a s t a tt h es p r i n g ,e v e nt h e n ,i t w e r eb e t t e rt o s h o o tt h eb a l lw a s t e ,t h e nt ok e e pi t l o n gi n f u l lt e n s i o n .

B u ti f t h el e v e ri s l e th a c k ,t h es t r i n gm a yb ek e p to v e rt h et u m b l e r .

B e f o r ea n y o n e c a ns h o o tw i t hc e r t a i n t y ,h em u s tb es u r et h eb e a di s s e tc o r r e c t .

L e ti t b eo b s e r v e d ,t h a ta t t h ee n do f t h eB o wi s

t h ef o r k ,N o .5 , w h i c hw h e nn o ti n u s e ,l a y sf l a td o w n ,w h e ni t i s i n u s e ,i t i s p u l l e du p ;f r o mo n es i d eo ft h e

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5 3f o r kt o t h eo t h e rr u n sa l i n e ,a n du p o nt h i sl i n e ,t h e

b e a di s m a d et o a c t .A tt h el o w e re n do ft h el e v e ro v e rt h et r i g g e ri s a n

i r o np l a t e ,( f i g u r e6 , )w h i c hl i k e w i s ep u l l su pa n dd o w n ;t h r o u g ht h i sp l a t ea r et h r e eo r f o u rs m a l lh o l e s ,a l lo fw h i c hb u to n ea r es t o p p e du pw i t hw a x ,

t h a to n ea c c o r d i n gt o t h es h o o t e r so w nc o n v e n i e n c et h r o u g ht h i sh o l eh e( h i se y ea ni n c ho r t w of r o mt h ep l a t e , )t a k e sh i sa i m ,a n dw h a t e v e ri s t h eo b j e c t ,h em u s tp l a c et h eb e a di n a d i r e c tl i n ew i t hi t , s o t h a ti f

t h eo b j e c ti s s m a l l ,t h eb e a dm a yi n t e r c e p tt h ev i e w

o f i t .

T os e tt h eb e a dc o r r e c t ,l e t t h es h o o t e rp l a c eas m a l lp i e c eo f p a p e ra g a i n s ta b a n ko rw a l l , f o r t yo rf i f t yf e e td i s t a n c e ,a n ds h o o ta t i t , i f t h eb a l lg o e st ot h er i g h t ,t h eb e a dm u s tb et u r n e dr o u n dt o t h er i g h t

o nt h el i n ew h i c hc r o s s e st h ef o r km o r eo r l e s s ,a cc o r d i n ga si t i s w i d ef r o mt h em a r k; i f t h eb a l lg o e st o t h el e f t ,t h e nt h eb e a dm u s tb et u r n e dt o t h el e f t .

A s u p e r f i c i a lo b s e r v e rw o u l dp e r h a p sa c tq u i t ec o nt r a r y ,b u tr e f l e c t i o nw i l lc o n v i n c eh i mo t h e r w i s e ,f o ri f t h eb e a di s t u r n e dt o t h er i g h t ,a f t e ri t i s o n c ep l a c e di na l i n ew i t ht h em a r k ,t h eb e a dg e t so u to ft h a tl i n e ,t o r e p l a c ei t t h e r e f o r ei n t h el i n e ,t h ew h o l eB o wm u s tb em o v e dt o t h el e f t ,w h i c hw i l lo fc o u r s es h o o ta b a l lt o t h el e f to f t h el a s ts h o t ,a n dc o n s eq u e n t l yn e a r e rt h em a r k .

£ 3

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5 4A g a i n ,i ft h eb a l lg o e so v e rt h em a r k ,t h el i n em u s t

b em o v e da f e wn o t c h e sh i g h e ro nt h ef o r k ,i f t h eb a l lg o e su n d e rt h em a r k ,t h e nt h el i n em u s tb el o w e r e d

B u ti f t h eb a l lg o e sb o t hh i g h e ra n d o no n es i d eo ft h em a r k ,t h e nt h el i n em u s tb er a i s e d ,a n dt h eb e a dt u r n e d .

T h eb a l ls h o u l db ep u te x a c t l yi n t h ec e n t r eo ft h ec r a d l e .

C a r em u s tb et a k e nt h a tt h el e f th a n dw h i c hs u pp o r t st h eB o w ,b eb e l o wt h es u r f a c eo ft h es t o c k ,t h a t

t h es t r i n gm a yn o th i tt h ef i n g e r s .T h es t o c ko ft h eB o wi s h e l di n t h es a m e m a n

a sa g u n .

T h et r i g g e ru n d e rt h es t o c ki s l i k e w i s et h es a m ea s

i na g u n .B e s i d et h et r i g g e r ,t h e r ei s a b u t t o na tt h et o po f

t h es t o c k ,i m m e d i a t e l yb e h i n dt h es i g h t ,w h i c hi fp r e s s e dd o w nb yt h er i g h tt h u m b ,w i l ld i s c h a r g et h eB o w: s o m eB o w sh a v eo n l yt h eb u t t o n ,a n dn o tt h e

t r i g g e r ,b u tt h et r i g g e ri s b e s t .

T h es t r i n gi s s e l d o mt a k e no f f ,e v e nt h o u g hi t i sn o tu s e df o rs e v e r a lm o n t h s ,t h i sp e r h a p sm a yb ef r o mt h ed i f f i c u l t ya t t e n d i n gt h eu n s t r i n g i n gi t ,w h i c hr e q u i r e sa l i t t l em e c h a n i c a lo p e r a t i o n ,b u ti fa p e r s oc a ng e ti n t ot h er i g h tm e t h o d ,w h e nh ei n t e n d st o l a yt h eB o wa s i d ef o rs o m em o n t h so r w e e k s ,i t w i l lb e

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5 5o fm o r eb e n e f i tt ot h eB o w ,t h a nk e e p i n gi t c o n s t a n t l y

b e n t .T h es t r i n g e ri s s i m p l y a n o t h e rs t r i n g ,w i t hh o o k s

a n ds c r e w s ,t h eh o o k sa r ep u to ne a c he n do f t h eB o wa n ds c r e w e dt i g h tt o i t , t h i sd o n e ,t h el e v e ri s

b r o u g h tf o r w a r d ,a n di n s t e a do ft h es t r i n g ,t h es t r i n g e r

i s c a r r i e do v e rt h et u m b l e r ,a n dd r a w nu p , t h es t r i n gt h e nb e c o m e ss u f f i c i e n t l ys l a c kt ob et a k e no f f; t h es a m em e t h o di s t o b e o b s e r v e di n p u t t i n go n t h es t r i n g .T od i s e n c u m b e rt h es t r i n g e rf r o mt h et u m bl e r ,i t i s b e s tt o b e l e td o w na g a i nb ym e a n so f t h e

l e v e r ,a n dn o tt od i s c h a r g ei t b yt h et r i g g e r .T h eB o ws h o u l d b ek e p ti n a d r ys i t u a t i o n ,t op r e

v e n ti t r u s t i n g .

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5 a

T h ef o l l o w i n gs u m m a r ya r t i c l e sa r eo f f e r e dt o A r c h e rd e s i r o u so ff o r m i n gt h e m s e l v e si n t oa s o c i e t y ,a sak i n do f b a s i s ,u p o nw h i c ht h e ym a yd r a wo u tt h e i rL a w s .

T h es o c i e t ys h o u l dc o n s i s to f a c e r t a i nn u m b e ro fe f f e c t i v em e m b e r s . *

T h es o c i e t yt o b e n a m e da p p r o p r i a t e l y ,v i z :f r o mt h en a m eo f t h eT o w ni t i sh e l dn e a r ,o rf r o mt h eC o u n t y ,o r f r o ma n yo t h e rl o c a ls i t u a t i o n ,a s t h e K e n t i s hB o w m a n ,t h e Y o r k s h i r eA r c h e r s ,t h e« W o o d m e no fA r d e n ,c . ( s e ep a g e6 6 . )

T h es o c i e t ys h o u l dh a v ea P a t r o na n dP a t r o n e s sfa P r e s i d e n t ,t h r e eo r f o u r V i c e - P r e s i d e n tb e s i d et h eu s u a lO f f i c e r so f S e c r e t a r ya n dT r e a s u r e r ,a n daC o m m i t t e e ,t o r e g u l a t et h e i rf i n a n c e sa n do t h e r

a f f a i r s .

* T h eM e m b e r ss h o u l db e l i m i t e da c c o r d i n gt o e ' r e u ms t a n c e s ,s u c ha s t h es i t u a t i o na n dc o n v e n i e n c e sw h e r et h e ya s s e m b l e; i f t h e yr e s i d em a n ym i l e sa p a r t ,m o r em i g h tb ea d -i n i t t e d ,t h a nw h e nt h e yl i v ec o n c e n t r a t e da n dc o u l de a s i l y

a s s e m b l et o g e t h e r .t T h eP a t r o na n dP a t r o n e s ss h o u l db et h em o s td i s t i n

g u i s h e dI e i s o n si n t h eC o u n t y .

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T h ep a t r o na n dp a t r o n e s st o r e t a i n -t h e i rt i t l e s -

d u r i n gt h e i ro w np l e a s u r e ,t h ep r e s i d e n ta n do t h e ro f f i c e r st o b ee l e c t e da n n u a l l y .

E a c hm e m b e rs h o u l dw e a ra nu n i f o r m ,t h ec o a to fg r e e n ,t h eo t h e rp a r to f t h ed r e s so fa b u f f , ,o rs o m el i g h tc o l o u r . *

C a r eS h o u l db et a k e nt h a te v e r ym e m b e r ' sc o a tb ec u tf r o mt h es a m ec l o t h ,a s t h e r ea r ev a r i o u ss h a d e si n t h ec o l o u ro f g r e e n ,l i k e w i s et h a tt h e yb e m a d ea f t e ro n ef a s h i o n: t h i sc i r c u m s t a n c ei s m e n t i o n e d ,b e c a u s ei t h a sb e e no b s e r v e do f l a t ey e a r si na s o c ie t yn e a rL o n d o n ,t h a ts c a r c e l y t h r e em e m b e r sh a v et h e i rc o a t so f t h es a m es h a p eo r c o l o u r ,—A g r a s sg r e e ni s t h ep r o p e rc o l o u r .

T h es o c i e t ys h o u l dh a v ea c e r t a i nn u m b e ro fs t a t e dd a y st o s h o o t ,s o m em o r eg r a n dt h a no t h e r s ,t t h ec o m m o nm e e t i n g so n c ea w e e k ,t h eg r a n dd a y sa b o u tf o u ro r f i v et i m e sd u r i n gt h es u m m e rm o n t h s ,a n ds h o u l dh a v ea p a r t i c u l a rn a m ea l l o t t e d t oe a c ho ft h e m ,a sf o r i n s t a n c e , , T h eS p r i n gm e e t i n g ,— T h e

* T h eU n i f o r mo ft h eT o x o p h i l i t eS o c i e t y ,i sa G r e e nC o a t ,s i n g l eb r e a s t e d ,w i t ha nA r r o we n g r a v e do nt h eb u t t o n ,B u t tK e r s e y m e r eW a i s t c o a ta n dS m a l lC l o t h e s ,H e s s i a nB o o t s ,H a tt u r n e du po nt h er i g h ts i d e ,w i t ha b l a c kF e a t h e r ,w i t hB e l ta n do t h e rA c c o u t r e m e n t s .

t T h eg r a n dd a y sa r e g e n e r a l l ya l l o t t e df o rs h o o t i n ga tT a rg e t so n l y .

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5 8P a t r o n ' sm e e t i n g ,— T h eS u m m e rm e e t i n g ,— T h eL a d yP a t r o n e s s ' sm e e t i n g ,— T h eA u t u m nm e e t i n& c .o nw h i c hd a y st o p r o m o t ea n de n c o u r a g ee m u lt i o n ,—p r i z e ss h o u l db es h o tf o r .

O nt a r g e ta n do t h e rg r a n dd a y s ,e v e r ym e m bs h o u l da p p e a ri n f u l lu n i f o r m .O nw e e k l ym e e t i ne v e r yp a r to f t h ed r e s sm i g h tb ed i s p e n s e dw i t he xc e p tt h ec o a t ,b u to no t h e rd a y sw h e nm e m b e r so n l ym e e tt o p r a c t i c e ,t h ew h o l em i g h tb ed i s p e n s e dw i t h

I nr e s p e c tt o t h ed i s b u r s e m e n t s ,i t i s r e c o m m e

t h a tt h es o c i e t yd o a b s t a i nf r o ma l l e x t r a o r de x p e n c e s ,f o ru n n e c e s s a r ye x p e n d i t u r e sh a v eb e et h ec a u s eo fr e d u c i n gt h en u m b e ro fm a n ys o c i e t ia c o m m i t t e ew o u l dp r e v e n ta n yt h i n go f t h i sn a t u ro c c u r r i n g ,a si t m i g h tb em a d ep a r to f t h e i rd u t ys o

t od o ,a n dt or e n d e ra n a c c o u n ta t t h ec l o s eo fe v e rs e a s o nt ot h ew h o l es o c i e t y .

B u tu p o na n ye x t r ag r a n dd a yb e i n gp r o p o s ei t

s h o u l db et h eb u s i n e s so ft h ec o m m i t t e et ol o o ki n t ot h es t a t eo ft h e i rf u n d s ,t o s e ci f a s u mc o u l db e

s p a r e dt oc o v e rt h ee x p e n c e sa t t e n d i n gt h es a m e ,a n di fn o t ,a n yf u r t h e rs u m si n t e n d e dt ob er a i s e d ,s h o ub ed o n ea m o n gt h ea t t e n d i n gm e m b e r s ,a n dn o tt h e

* AG e n t l e m a n ,o n c ea M e m b e ro f t h eK e n t i s hB o w mt o l dt h eA u t h o r ,t h a ti ts e l d o mc o s th i ml e s st l i a nt e n G u io nt h e i rg r a n dD a y s ,t h ec o n s e q u e n c ew a s ,t h a tf r o ms u c he x t r a v a g a n c e s ,t h es o c i e t yw a ss o o na n n i h i l a t e d .

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5 9a b s e n t e e s ,m a n ya g e n t l e m a nm a yh a v en oo b j e c t i o no f p a y i n gh i sa n n u a ls u b s c r i p t i o nt h o u g hs e l d o ma t t e n d i n g ,b u tn o ta p p r o v eo f a f t e r - c a l l s ,w h e nh ed o e sn o tp a r t a k eo f t h o s ed i v e r s i o n sw h i c hc a u s e dt h e m . *

A• c e r t a i ns u ms h o u l db e s e ta p a r tt od e f r a yt h ec h a r g e so fe a c ht a r g e td i n n e r ,t h ed e f i c i e n c i e st ob em a d eg o o db yt h ep a r t i e sp r e s e n t .

I n s t e a do f a d j o u r n i n gt o c o f f e eh o u s e sa n dh o t e l st od i n e ,a p a v i l l i o no u g h tt ob ee r e c t e di nt h ea r c h e r yg r o u n d ,a n do n ep e r s o n ,o rt h ew h o l eo ft h em e m b e r si nt u r n ,s h o u l dp r o v i d ea c o l l a t i o n ,a n df o rw h i c h ,t og i v ei nh i sa c c o u n tt ot h et r e a s u r e r o rc o m m i t t e e .*

A m e e t i n gs h o u l dl i k e w i s eb e s u m m o n e de v e r y

w i n t e r ,f o rt h ep u r p o s eo f a u d i t i n gt h ea c c o u n t so ft h el a s ty e a r , e l e c t i n g f r e s ho f f i c e r s ,r e c e i v i n gs u b -

* A s ,a ni n s t a n c e ,w h e nc i r c u l a rl e t t e r sw e r es e n tr o u n dt oe v e r ym e m b e ro f as o c i e t yn e a rL o n d o ns o m ey e a r ss i n c e ,d e

m a n d i n ga ne x t r as u mt om e e tt h ed e b t sc o n t r a c t e db y af e w ;m a n yd e c l a r e dt h e yd i dn o tt h i n kt h e m s e l v e sa m e n a b l ef o rt h ec o n d u c to fo t h e r s ,i f t h e yw e r e ,t h e yl a i dt h e m s e l v e so p e nt of r e s hd e m a n d sc o n t i n u a l l y ,t op r e v e n tw h i c h ,t h e yw o u l dw i t hd r a wt h e m s e l v e sf r o mt h es o c i e t y ,a n da c c o r d i n g l ya b o u tt w e n t yw i t h d r e wa to n et i m e .

t A na r t i c l ei n t h eR o y a lB r i t i s hB o w m e n ,c o m p e l s e v em e m b e ri n r o t a t i o nt op r o v i d ea D i n n e r ,a l i m i t a t i o ni sm a d ea s t ot h en u m b e ro fD i s h e s ,a n da d i s p l a yo fa n yt h i n gH o t ,i sp u n i s h a b l eb ya f i n eo fF i v eG u i n e a s .

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ms c r i p t i o n sf o rt h ee n s u i n gs e a s o n ,a n dm a k i n ga n y

- o t h e ra r r a n g e m e n t st h a tm a yb ed e e m e dn e c e s s a;

a s u mo u to f t h ef u n ds h o u l dl i k e w i s eb ea l l o t t e df o r4 h ed i n n e ro n t h i sd a y ,t h i sm e e t i n gt o b e c a l l e T h eW i n t e r M e e t i n g .

T h eA r c h e r yg r o u n dt o b ea g o o do n e ,s h o u l db e- a tl e a s tt w oh u n d r e da n df i f t yy a r d sl o n g ,a n do n eh u n d r e da n df i f t yw i d e—u p o na l e v e l .—' T i sb e s tt oh a v e s h e e pt of e e du p o ni t , a s t h e i rc o n s t a n tg r a z i nk e e p st h eg r a s sc o n t i n u a l l ya n dr e g u l a r l yl o w ,t h eg r a s ss e v e r a ly a r d sa b o u tt h em a r k ss h o u l db ek e p t

p a r t i c u l a r l ys h o r t ,t h a tt h eA r r o w sm a yn o tb el o s t .

E v e r yA r c h e rs h o u l dh a v eh i sm a r kp a i n t e do nh i s

A r r o w ,u n d e ra p e n a l t y .

F o u rs h o o t e r si s t h ep r o p e rn u m b e rf o re a c ht a r g e t

t h o u g h ,i f t i i em e e t i n gs h o u l db en u m e r o u s l ya t t e n d et h e ns i xA r c h e r sm i g h t b ea l l o w e d ,b u tn om o r e .

W h e nt h en u m b e ro fs h o o t e r sa t e a c ht a r g e ta m o ut o f o u ra n du p w a r d st h e ys h o u l dd i v i d et h e m s e li n t op a i r s; t h ef i r s tp a i rt o s h o o ta l t e r n a t e l yt h e i ra l

l o t t e dn u m b e r ,a n da f t e rt h a i ,a n o t h e rp a i rs h o u l dt h e nc o m ef o r w a r di n t h e i rt u r n .

I f t h es h o o t e r sa t o n et a r g e th a v ea l ls h o tt h e i rl i m i t e dn u m b e ro fA r r o w s ,b e f o r et h es h o o t e r sa t t h eo t h e r s ,t h e ym u s tw a i tt i l l a l l h a v es h o t ,a n dt h e nw a l ka r e g u l a rp a c et o t h eo p p o s i t et a r g e t s ,e x c e pw h e r eo n eb r e a k sa s t r i n g ,o r m e e t sw i t ha n yo t h e r

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6 1a c c i d e n t ,t h e nt h er e s tg oo nw i t h o u th i m ,a n dh e

h i m s e l fl o o s e st h eb e n e f i to f t h o s es h o t sh e m i g h th a v eh a di ut h et i m eh ei s r e p a i r i n gh i sd a m a g e s .

W h e r et h e r ea r em a n ys e t so f t a r g e t s ,a p e r s o ns h o u l db e a p p o i n t e dt o s t a n dh a l f - w a yb e t w e e nt h eo p p o s i t eo n e s ,a b o u tt w e n t yy a r d sf r o mt h el i n eo ft h eo u t e rs e t ,w h e r eh ec a nc o m m a n da v i e wo ft h ew h o l eA r c h e r s ,w h ow h e nt h e yh a v ea l l s h o t ,m a ym a r c ha t a s i g n a lg i v e nb yh i m ,s u c ha s w a v i n gas m a l lf l a g .

O nw h a ti s c a l l e d G r a n dD a y s ,a b a n do fm u s i cs t a t i o n e db e h i n dt h e o b s e r v e r ,p l a y i n g w h i l et h eA r c h e r sa r em a r c h i n gf r o mt a r g e tt o t a r g e t ,h a sav e r yp r e t t ye f f e c t .

N oo n es h o u l db e a l l o w e dt o s t a n di nf r o n to f t h e

s h o o t e r ,f o ra n yo b j e c tt h a tc a t c h e st h ee y e ,m a yd r a wh i sa t t e n t i o nf r o mt h em a r k .

A f i n eo u g h tt o a t t e n dt h e n o n - c o m p l i a n c eo fm e m b e r sn o ta p p e a r i n gi n u n i f o r ma c c o r d i n gt o t h ea r t i c l e s ,a n dl i k e w i s ef o rt h eb r e a c ho f a n yo t h e r

a r t i c l e .

N om e m b e ro u g h t( ob ea l l o w e dt o s h o o t ,u n t i lh eh a sp a i du ph i ss u b s c r i p t i o na n df i n e st h a th e m a yh a v ei n c u r r e d ,o r i f h ew a sp e r m i t t e d ,t o b ed i s a b l e df r o mw i n n i n ga n yp r i z e .

N o n eb u tm e m b e r so u g h tt o s h o o t o nG r a n dD a y s ,

F

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6 2a n da n y o n ei n t r o d u c i n ga s t r a n g e r* t o s h o o t ,n o t

e n t i t l e d ,s h o u l dm e r i tt h ec e n s u r eo f t h es o c i e t y ,i fn o tf i n e d .

W h i l eo n ei s s h o o t i n g ,h e t h a ti s t o s h o o tn e x t ,s h o u l dh a v eh i sA r r o wr e a d yn o c k e dt o t h es t r i n gt h a tt o om u c ht i m en e e dn o tb el o s t .

W h e na nA r c h e rh a ss h o t ,h em u s tt u r nr o u n dt oh i sl e f t ,a n dg ob e h i n dt h ep e r s o nh ei s s h o o t i n gw i t h ,w h ot h e ni n h i st u r nc o m e sf o r w a r da n ds h o o t sh i sA r r o w ,w h i c hh a v i n g d o n e ,h et u r n st o h i sl e f t ,a n dt h ef i r s tA r c h e rc o m e sf o r w a r da g a i na n ds h o o t

h i ss e c o n dA r r o w ,a n ds oo ni n r o t a t i o n . A nA r c h em u s ts t a n di n f r o n to f t h e m a r kh e i s s h o o t i nf r o m ,a n di f h i sA r r o ws h o u l df a l lf r o mt h es t r i n ga n dh e c a n n o tr e a c hi t w i t hh i sB o w ,i t m u s tb ea cc o u n t e da s h o t .

I t i s c u s t o m a r yo n G r a n dD a y s ,p a r t i c u l a r lo nt h e L a d yP a t r o n e s s ' sm e e t i n g ,f o re v e r ym e m b et oi n v i t ea f e wL a d i e s ,a n di n t h ee v e n i n gt o h a v ea B a l li u t h eP a v i l l i o n ,o nw h i c ho c c a s i o nt h eL a d i e si nc o m p l i m e n tt o t h eA r c h e r s ,g e n e r a l l yf o r mp a r to ft h e i rd r e s so fg r e e n .

A st h e e x e r c i s eo f s h o o t i n gw i t ht h el o n gB o wi s

t o p r o m o t ea m a n l ya m u s e m e n t ,a n dn o tf o rt h ep u r -

* T h eT o x o p h i l i t eS o c i e t yg a v ea ni n v i t a t i o nt oa l lS o c i e t it os h o o tw i t ht h e ma t t h e i rm e e t i n g s ,a n dw h i c hw a sg i v e n

b ye v e r ys o c i e t yt o t h e mi n r e t u r n , s o t h a ta t o n et i m et h e r ew a sa g e n e r a lc o m m u n i c a t i o na m o n gA r c h e r sa l lo v e rE n g l a n d .

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6p o s eo f g a m b l i n g: a l l s u m so f m o n e ys h o tf o r ,o rw a g e sw o ns h o u l db ef o r f e i t e dt o t h ef u n d .

H e w h oo na t a r g e tm e e t i n gw i n st h e g r e a t e s tp r i z e ,i s o nt h es a m et a r g e tm e e t i n gi n t h ey e a rf o l l o w i n g ,t h ec a p t a i nf o rt h ed a y; t h ew h o l eb u s i n e s so f t h a td a yi s u n d e rh i sd i r e c t i o n ,a n di t i s h i sd u t yt os e et h a te v e r ym e m b e ra c t sc o n f o r m a b l et o t h el a w so ft h es o c i e t y; h e t a k e st h e c h a i ra n da l la p p e a l sa r em a d et o h i m .H ew h ow i n st h es e c o n dp r i z ei s t h el i e u t e n a n t ,a n di n t h ea b s e n c eo f t h e c a p t a i n ,t a k e sh i sp l a c ea n dp e r f o r m sh i sd u t y .

O n eo f t h ea r t i c l e si n t h el a w so f t h eS c o r t o nA r c h e r sr u n st h u s :— V I I ,I t e m .F o ra s m u c ha s t h ee x e r c i s eo fA r c h e r yi s l a w f u l ,l a u d a b l e ,h e a l t h - f u la n di n n o c e n t ;a n dt o t h ee n dt h a tG o d ' sH o l y N a m em a yn o tb ed i s h o n o r e db ya n yo ft h es o c i e t y , i t i s a g r e e da n dh e r e b yd e c l a r e d ,t h a ti fa n yo ft h e m s h a l lt h a td a y ,c u r s eo rs w e a r ,i n t h eh e a r i n go fa n y o ft h ec o m p a n y ,a n dt h es a m eb ep r o v e db e f o r et h e c a p t a i no r l i e u t e n a n t ,h es h a l lf o r t h w i t hp a yd o w n o n es h i l l i n g ,a n ds op r o p o r t i o n a t ef o re v e r yo a t l i;

t o b e d i s t r i b u t e db y t h ec a p t a i nt o t h eu s eo f t h e

p o o ro ft h a tp l a c e ,o rt o w n s h i pw h e r et h e ys h o o t; a n di n c a s eo fr e f u s a l ,o rn e g l e c tt o p a yt h es a m e , t h e ns u c hp a r t yt ob e e x c l u d e df r o ms h o o t i n g ,t i l l

p a y m e n ti s m a d ea s a f o r e s a i d .—A v e r yg o o dl a w ,f o ra s s w e a r i n gi s u n b e c o m i n gt h ec h a r a c t e ro f a

g e n t l e m a n ,e v e r yt h i n gs h o u l db ee x c l u d e d

t h a ti s

d e r o g a t o r yt og o o db e h a v i o u r .

F 2

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6 4O n eo f t h ea r t i c l e s i nt h eT o x o p h i l i t es o c i e t y

m e n t i o n st h a ti f a n ym e m b e rm a r r y ,h e s h a l lt r e a t

t h er e s tw i t ha m a r r i a g ef e a s t .

T h ef o l l o w i n gi s t h ef o r mo f p r i v i l e g e ,s e n tf r o mo n es o c i e t yt oa n o t h e r .

T h es o c i e t yo fY o r k s h i r eA r c h e r s ,t o t h ep r e s i d ef o rt h et i m eb e i n g ,a n dt h er e s to f t h em e m b e ro ft h eT o x o p h i l i t es o c i e t ya t L e i c e s t e rH o u s e .

T h es o c i e t ym e e t i n ga t C h a p e l - T o w n ,u n d e rt h et i t l eo fY o r k s h i r eA r c h e r s:—

S e n dG r e e t i n g ,

I nc o n s i d e r a t i o no ft h eg o o dw i l lw eb e a rt oA r c h e ri n g e n e r a l ,a n de s p e c i a l l yt o t h ew o r t h ym e m b e ro ft h eT o x o p h i l i t eS o c i e t y ,a n db e i n gz e a l o u st op r o m o ta n db r i n gi n t ou n i v e r s a lp r a c t i c ea n dp e r f e c t i o n ,t h ea n c i e n tr e n o w n e da n du n i v e r s a ls c i e n c eo fA r c h e ra n dk n o w i n gt h a tt o c u l t i v a t ea f r e ec o m m u n i ca n di n t e r c o u r s eb e t w e e nt h e s e v e r a ls o c i e t i e si nG r e a tB r i t a i n ,w i l lg r e a t l yc o n t r i b u t et h e r e t o—W eh a v et h o u g h tf i t t o g i v ea n dg r a n tt o a l l a n de v e r yt h em e m b e r so f t h eT o x o p h i l i t eS o c i e t yo fA r c h e r s ,t h ef r e e d o mo f t h i so u rs o c i e t y ,t h a ti s t o s a y ,t h ef r e el i b e r t yo f a s s o c i a t i n gw i t hu sa n do f s h o o t i n ga t t h eb u t t sa n dt a r g e t so f o u rs o c i e t y ,o n o u rd a y sa n dt i m e so fm e e t i n g ,t o w h i c hw em o s tc o r d i a l l yi n v i t ey o u ,w h e na n da so f t e na s t h es a m es h a l lh a p p e nt ob ec o n v e n i e n tt oy o u ,o ra n yo fy o u .

G i v e nu n d e ro u rs e a la t C h a p e l - t o w n ,t h ef o u r t h

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6 5d a yo fO c t o b e r ,i n t h et h i r t i e t hy e a ro f t h er e i g no fo u rS o v e r e i g nL o r dK i n gG e o r g et h eI I I .a n di nt h ey e a ro fo u rL o r d , 1 7 9 0 .

W e n t w o r t hF i t z w i l l i a m .p r e s i d e n t .

H e n r yD i x o n ,S e c r e t a r y . •

T h eA u t h o ri s p e r f e c t l ya w a r et h a tb o o k sa r eb u t

i m p e r f e c tm e a n so f c o n v e y i n gi n s t r u c t i o n ,h e t h e r ef o r ed o e sn o tf l a t t e rh i m s e l f ,t h a th e s h a l lb em o r ef o r t u n a t ei n b e i n g u n d e r s t o o d t h a na nA u t h o ru p o na n yo t h e rs c i e n c e ,b u ts t i l li nt h ea b s e n c eo fp e r s o n a li n s t r u c t i o n ,t h ea b o v em a yb e o fs o m eu t i l i t yt o t h ey o u n gA r c h e r ,w h oi fe v e rh ef e e l sd i s p o s e dt oh o n o rt h eA u t h o rw i t ha v i s i t ,h ew i l lb e h a p p yt od e v o t ea nh o u ro rt w ot o h i ss e r v i c e .

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G G

T H EF O L L O W I N G

L I S TO F S O C I E TT H A TW I T H I NT H E S E

F E WY E A R SE X I S T E D ,

W i l lb e a rt e s t i m o n yo f t h ee s t i m a t i o nt h e

W A S H E L DI N .

A y c l i f f eA r c h e r s ,n e a rD u r h a m .A r c h e r so fN e v i l l ' sC r o s s ,a tD u r h a m .A r c h e r so fA r c h i n f i e l d ,n e a rH e r e f o r d .B o w m e no ft h eB o r d e r s .B o w m e no ft h eI s i s ,O x f o r d .B o w m e no fC h e v yC h a s e ,P a t r o n ,t h eD u k eo fN o r t h

u m b e r l a n d .B r i t i s hB o w m e n ,P r i n c eo f W a l e s ,P a t r o n .B r o u g h t o nA r c h e r s ,M a n c h e s t e r .C h e e t h a m - H i l lA r c h e r s ,M a n c h e s t e r .D a r l i n g t o nA r c h e r s ,Y o r k s h i r e .D e r b yA r c h e r s .E d i n b u r g hA r c h e r s .F i n s b u r yA r c h e r s .H a t f i e l dA r c h e r s ,L a d yS a l i s b u r y ,P a t r o n e s s .

H e n a u l tF o r e s t e r s ,E s s e x ,t h i ss o c i e t y c o n s ib o t ho fL a d i e sa n dG e n t l e m e n .

J o h no fG a u n t ' sB o w m e n ,L a n c a s h i r e .

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6 7K e n t i s hB o w m e n ,P r i n c eo fW a l e s ,P a t r o n .K e n t i s hR a n g e r s .K i l w i n n i n gA r c h e r s ,S c o t l a n d .L a n c a s h i r ea n dC h e s h i r eA r c h e r sL o n d o nA r c h e r s .M e r c i a nB o w m e n ,n e a rC o v e n t r y .M i d d l e t o uA r c h e r s .

N e e d w o o dF o r e s t e r s , S t a f f o r d s h i r e ,P r e s t o nA r c h e r s .R o b i nH o o d ' sB o w m e n ,H i g h g a t e ,R i c h m o n dA r c h e r s ,Y o r k s h i r e .S t .G e o r g e ' sB o w m e n ,L e w i s h a m .

S c o r t o nA r c h e r s ,Y o r k s h i r e .S h e e r w o o dF o r e s t e r s ,S o u t h a m p t o nA r c h e r s ,D u k eo fG l o u c e s t e r ,P a t r o n .S u r r yA r c h e r s ,D u k eo fC l a r e n c e ,P a t r o n .T o x o p h i l i t eS o c i e t y ,L o n d o n .W o o d m e no fA r d e n ,L o r dA y l e s f o r d ,P a t r o n .W o o d m e no f H o r n s e y . . *

W h a r f d a l eA r c h e r s .Y o r k s h i r eA r c h e r s ,E a r lF i t zW i l l i a m ,P a t r o n ,C o u n

t e s sM e x b o r o u g h ,P a t r o n e s s .

T h ed i f f e r e n tk i n do fP r i z e st h a ta r es h o t f o r ,a r e

S I L V E RA R R O W S .\ G O L DM E D A L S .S I L V E R B U G L E S .\ S I L V E RM E D A L Sb e s i d e *S I L V E RC U P S . % B O W S A R R O W S .

T h r e eA r r o w sf o r mt h ec o m p l i m e n tf o ra P r i z e .

F I N I S .

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T H E

E N G L I S HB O W M A NO R ,

© r a c r so n a r t g r r p ;

C 0 N T A I M N 6

I .—T h eH i s t o r ya n dM i l i t a r yC a r e e ro ft h eE n g l i s hL o n gB o wi n c l u d i n gS i rJ o h nS m i t h ' sD i s c o u r s eo nW e a p o n s .

I I .—A nA c c o u n to ft h eR e v i v a lo fA r c h e r y ,a sa nA m u s e mi nE n g l a n d; i nw h i c ht h eV a l u ea n dp e c u l i a rQ u a l i t i eo fA r c h e r y ,a sa ne x e r c i s e ,c a p a b l eo fr e s t o r i n gH e a l t h ,a n d

a d d i n gS t r e n g t ht ot h eB o d yi sc o n s i d e r e d .I I I .—A nI n q u i r ya n dI n v e s t i g a t i o ni n t oa l lt h eA n c i e n tF e a t s

( o fA r c h e r ya c h i e v e dw i t ht h eL o n g B o w ,w i t ha nA cc o u n to fR o b i nH o o d ,f r o m a nA u t h e n t i cR e c o r d , )a n dac o m p a r i s o no ft h o s ew i t ht h eF e a t so fM o d e r nA r c h e r s

I V .—T h eA r ta n dP r a c t i c eo fA r c h e r y ,w i t h aC o m m e n tu p o nt h eT o x o p h i l n so fA s c h a m ,a n da G l o s s a r yo ft h eT e r mu s e di nA r c h e r y ,w i t hm a n yN o t e sa n dH i s t o r i c a lI l l u st i a t i o n s .

T ow h i c hi s a d d e d ,T h eS e c o n dP a r to ft h eB o w m a n ' sG l o r y ,

( Av e r ys c a r c eT r a c t , )B yT .R O B E R T S ,

Am e m b e ro ft h eT o x o p h i l i t eS o c i e t y

T h eF r o n t i s p i e c e( a nA r c h e ri nA t t i t u d e )b yP O R T E RS o l db yM r .W A R I N G ,a th i sA r c h e r yW a r e -R o o m ,

C a r o l i n eS t r e e t ,B e d f o r dS q u a r e .

T . S B u t e s ,P r i n t e r s , 4 8 ,H o w l a n dS t r e e t .

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J U N 4- 1 3 4 6

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J U N4 - : C 4 e

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