Abap151 - Abap Objects for Java Developers

transcript

ABAP151:

ABAP Objects for Java Developers

Horst Keller, SAP AG

Björn Mielenhausen, SAP AG

ABAP Special Features

Summary

Motivation

Similarities Between Java and ABAP

Learning Objectives

As a result of this workshop, you will be able to:

Write a program in ABAP as you would in Java

Find information on all ABAP statements

Understand the components of an ABAP program

Understand the types of ABAP programs

Understand the role of ABAP repository objects

Make use of the ABAP Workbench

Summary

Motivation

What‘s in the box?© Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2004, ISBN 0-7645-6883-3

Motivation

A little bit about ABAP ...

... and a lot of of J-words

Motivation

Why should any Java developer care about ABAP?

Motivation

That‘s why!

Motivation

ABAP Java

rewrite code

reuse code

Some ABAP knowledge is required!

Millions of linesof coding

Millions ofdevelopers

Summary

Motivation

Like Java,

ABAP is a programming language

ABAP is object-oriented

ABAP runs on a virtual machine

ABAP is the foundation for a whole technology

Similarities – Typical Java Development Tool

Similarities – ABAP Development Tool

Similarities - Classes

class Account {

private int amount;

public Account(String id) {...

public void deposit(int amount) {...

CLASS account DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.METHODS: constructor IMPORTING id TYPE string,deposit IMPORTING amount TYPE i,

PRIVATE SECTION.DATA:amount TYPE i.

ENDCLASS.

CLASS account IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD constructor....

ENDMETHOD.METHOD deposit....

ENDMETHOD....

ENDCLASS.ABAP

Syntactical differences aside, ABAP supports classes as Java does

In ABAP, the declaration and implementation of a class are split intoseparate parts

Similarities – Attributes and Methods

private int amount;

PRIVATE SECTION.DATA:amount TYPE i

Syntactical differences aside, ABAP supports attributes and methods as Java does (apart from method name overloading)

In ABAP, a class has three visibility sections (PUBLIC, PROTECTED, PRIVATE)

public void transfer(int amount,Account target)

throws NegativeAmountException

PUBLIC SECTION.METHODS:transfer IMPORTING

amounttarget TYPE REF TO account

RAISING cx_negative_amount.

Similarities – Method Implementationspublic void withdraw ... {

if (this.amount>amount) {this.amount=this.amount-amount;

}else {throw new NegativeAmountException();

METHOD withdraw.IF me->amount > amount.me->amount = me->amount - amount.

ELSE.RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE cx_negative_amount.

ENDIF.ENDMETHOD.

For basic operations, syntax can be translated almost one to one

”->” (or ”-”) replaces ”.”, ”.” replaces ”;”, ”me” replaces ”this”

In ABAP, blocks are built by keywords instead of {}

Raising exceptions follows the same principles

Similarities – Exceptions and Inheritance

class NegativeAmountException extends Exception{ }

CLASS cx_negative_amount DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cx_static_check.ENDCLASS.

Exception classes must be derived from predefined superclasses

The superclasses define how exception handling is checked

Throwable

RuntimeException

Exception Error

cx_root

cx_no_checkcx_static_check cx_dynamic_check

Similarities – Handling Objects in Java

public class BankApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Account account1;Account account2;int amnt;

account1 = new Account("...");account2 = new Account("...");

try {amnt = ...;account1.transfer(amnt,account2);

}catch (NegativeAmountException excRef) {System.out.println("Negative Amount");

Reference Variables

Object Creation

Method Invocation

Exception Handling

Similarities – Handling Objects in ABAP

CLASS bank_application DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.CLASS-METHODS main.

ENDCLASS.

CLASS bank_application IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD main.DATA: account1 TYPE REF TO account,

account2 TYPE REF TO account,amnt TYPE i,exc_ref TYPE REF TO cx_negative_amount,text TYPE string.

CREATE OBJECT: account1 EXPORTING id = `...`,account2 EXPORTING id = `...`.

TRY.amnt = ...account1->transfer( EXPORTING amount = amnt

target = account2 ).CATCH cx_negative_amount INTO exc_ref.text = exc_ref->get_text( ).MESSAGE text TYPE 'I'.

ENDTRY.ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.ABAP

Reference Variables

Object Creation

Method Invocation

Exception Handling

Similarities – Keywords 1

Four-byte integer iintIncludes packages-importInterface implementationINTERFACESimplementsBranchingIF, ENDIFifIterationWHILEforSimple precision floating point numbers-floatException handlingCLEANUPfinallyFinal classes and methodsFINALfinalBoolean value-falseBranchingELSE, ELSEIFelseDouble precision floating point numbersfdoubleIterationDOdoBranchingWHEN OTHERSdefaultProceed with next iterationCONTINUEcontinueConstant data objectCONSTANTSconstClass definitionCLASSclassCharacter data typec, stringcharException handlingCATCHcatchBranchingWHENcaseOne-byte integerbbyteLeaves an iterationEXITbreakBoolean data type-booleanAbstract classes and methodsABSTRACTabstractPurposeABAPJava

Similarities – Keywords 2

IterationWHILEwhileReturn value of a methodRETURNINGvoidException handlingTRYtryBoolean value-truePrevent serialization- (implemented by self defined serialization)transientPropagates exceptionsRAISINGthrowsSelf referencemethisThreading/parallel processingCALL FUNCTION DESTINATION IN GROUPsynchronizedBranchingCASEswitchAddresses the super class supersuperEnforces IEEE norm for floating point operations-strictfpStatic class componentsCLASS-...staticTwo-byte integersshortLeaves a methodRETURNreturnProtected componentsPROTECTEDprotectedPrivate componentsPRIVATEprivatePackages- (supported by tools)packageNull referenceCLEAR, INITIALnullObject instantiationCREATEnewInvocation APIBY KERNEL MODULEnativeEight-byte integer-longInterface definitionINTERFACEinterfacePurposeABAPJava

Similarities – Built-in Data Types

Time field (HHMMSS)t-Character stringstring-

Date field (YYYYMMDD)d-

Packed number (BCD)p-Numeric character fieldn-

Byte stringxstring-

Two-byte integersshort

Single precision floating point

-float

Double precision floating point

fdouble

Eight-byte integer-longFour-byte integeriint

Character fieldccharOne-byte integerb, xbyteBoolean data type-booleanDescriptionABAPJava

Handling dates

Handling times

Variable length

Business calculations

ABAP specials:

Similarities – J2EE Architecture

DesktopApplication

DynamicHTML Pages

EnterpriseBeans

Presentation Layer

Application Layer (WAS)

Database Layer

Similarities – ABAP Architecture

SAP GUIDynamic

HTML Pages

ABAPPrograms

ABAPClasses

Presentation Layer

Application Layer (WAS)

Database Layer

(Web) Dynpro

Summary

Motivation

ABAP Special Features – Many Keywords 1

DATABASEDATADCUSTOMER-FUNCTION

CURSOR-SELECTIONCURSORCURRENTCURRENCY

CSEQUENCECSCREATECPICPCOVERCOUNTRYCOUNT

COSHCOSCORRESPONDINGCOPIESCONVERTCONVERSIONCONTROLSCONTROL

CONTINUECONSTANTSCONNECTIONCONNECTCONDITIONCONDENSECONCATENATECOMPUTE

COMPRESSIONCOMPONENTSCOMPONENTCOMPARINGCOMMONCOMMITCOMMENTCOLUMN

COLORCOLLECTCOL_TOTALCOL_POSITIVECOL_NORMALCOL_NEGATIVECOL_KEYCOL_HEADING

COL_GROUPCOL_BACKGROUNDCODEPAGECODECOCNCLOSECLOCK

CLIKECLIENTCLEARCLEANUPCLASS-POOLCLASS-METHODSCLASS-EVENTSCLASS-DATA

CLASSCIRCULARCHECKBOXCHECKCHARLENCHARACTERCHAR-TO-HEXCHANGING

CHAIN-REQUESTCHAIN-INPUTCHAINCENTEREDCEILCATCHCASTINGCASE

CALLINGCALLCACBYTE-NSBYTE-NABYTE-CSBYTE-CO

BYTE-CNBYTE-CABYTEBYPASSINGBYBUFFERBTBREAK-POINT

BOUNDSBOUNDARIESBOUNDBLUEBLOCKSBLOCKBLANKSBLANK

BLACKBIT-XORBIT-ORBIT-NOTBIT-ANDBITBINARYBIG

BETWEENBEGINBEFOREBACKWARDBACKGROUNDBACKAVGAUTHORITY-CHECK

AUTHORITYATTRIBUTESATANATASSIGNINGASSIGNEDASSIGNASSERT

ASINASCENDINGASARITHMETICAREAARCHIVEAPPLICATIONAPPENDING

APPENDAGEAPPENDANYANDANALYZERALLALIASESAFTER

ADJACENTADDACTUALACTIVATIONACOSACCEPTINGABSTRACTABS

Java has about 50 keywords – ABAP has more than 700 …

INOUTINNERINITIALIZATIONINITIALINHERITINGINDEX-LINEINDEXINCREMENT

INCLUDINGINCLUDEINIMPORTINGIMPORTIMPLEMENTATIONIMMEDIATELYIGNORING

IFIDSIDENTIFICATIONIDICONIHOTSPOTHOLD

HNHINTHIGHHIDEHELP-REQUESTHELP-IDHEADINGHEADER

HEAD-LINESHAVINGHASHEDHANDLERHANDLEGTGROUPSGROUP

GREENGLOBALGETGENERATEGEGAPSFUNCTION-POOLFUNCTION

FTOFROMFRIENDSFREEFRAMESFRAMEFRACFOUND

FORWARDFORMATFORMFORFONTFLUSHFLOORFIXED-POINT

FIRST-LINEFIRSTFINDFINALFILTERFILEFIELDSFIELD-SYMBOLS

FIELD-GROUPSFIELDFETCHFEXTRACTEXTENSIONEXTENDEDEXPORTING

EXPORTEXPONENTEXPIRATIONEXPEXIT-COMMANDEXITEXISTSEXECUTE

EXECEXCLUDINGEXCLUDEEXCEPTIONSEXCEPTION-TABLEEXCEPTIONEVENTSEVENT

ESCAPEERRORSERRORMESSAGEEQENTRYENTRIESENHANCEMENT-SECTION

ENHANCEMENT-POINT

ENHANCEMENTENDWHILEENDTRYENDSELECTENDPROVIDEENDMODULEENDMETHODENDLOOP

ENDINTERFACEENDINGENDIFENDIANENDFUNCTIONENDFORMENDEXECENDENHANCEMENT

ENDDOENDCLASSENDCHAINENDCATCHENDCASEENDATEND-OF-SELECTIONEND-OF-PAGE

END-OF-FILEEND-OF-DEFINITIONEND-LINES

END-ENHANCEMENT-SECTION

ENDENCODINGENABLINGENABLED

ELSEIFELSEEDITOR-CALLEDITEDYNPRODYNAMICDURING

DUPLICATESDUPLICATEDUMMYDODIVIDEDIVDISTINCTDISTANCE

DISPLAY-MODEDISPLAYDISCONNECTDIRECTORYDIALOGDESTINATIONDESCRIBEDESCENDING

DEPARTMENTDELETINGDELETEDEFINITIONDEFININGDEFINEDEFERREDDEFAULT

DECIMALSDDMMYYDD/MM/YYYYDD/MM/YYDBMAXLENDAYLIGHTDATEDATASET

REGEXREFRESHREFERENCEREFREDEFINITIONREDRECEIVINGRECEIVER

RECEIVEREAD-ONLYREADRANGERAISINGRAISERADIOBUTTONQUICKINFO

QUEUE-ONLYPUTPUSHBUTTONPUBLICPROVIDEPROTECTEDPROPERTYPROGRAM

PROCESSPROCEDUREPRIVATEPRINT-CONTROLPRINTPRIMARYPREFERREDPOSITION

POOLPLACESPINKPF-STATUSPFPERFORMINGPERFORMPATTERN

PARTPARAMETERSPARAMETER-TABLEPARAMETERPAGESPAGEPADDINGPACKAGE

POVERLAYOUTPUT-LENGTHOUTPUTOUTEROUTOTHERSORDER

OROPTIONSOPTIONALOPTIONOPENONLYONOLE

OFFSETOFFOFOCCURSOCCURRENCESOCCURRENCEOBLIGATORYOBJECTS

OBJECTONUMOFCHARNUMERICNUMBERNULLNSNP

NOTNON-UNIQUENON-UNICODENODESNODENO-ZERONO-TOPOFPAGENO-TITLE

NO-SIGNNO-SCROLLINGNO-HEADINGNO-GROUPINGNO-GAPSNO-GAPNO-EXTENSIONSNO-EXTENSION

NO-DISPLAYNONEXTNEW-SECTIONNEW-PAGENEW-LINENEWNESTING

NENBNAMENANMULTIPLYMOVE-CORRESPONDINGMOVE

MODULEMODIFYMODIFIERMODIFMODEMODMMDDYYMM/DD/YYYY

MM/DD/YYMINOR-IDMINMETHODSMETHODMESSAGESMESSAGE-IDMESSAGE

MEMORYMAXIMUMMAXMATCHCODEMATCHMASKMARGINMAJOR-ID

MAINMLTLPILOWERLOWLOOPLOGFILE

LOG10LOGLOCALELOCALLOAD-OF-PROGRAMLOADLITTLELISTBOX

LIST-PROCESSINGLISTLINESLINE-SIZELINE-SELECTIONLINE-COUNTLINELIKE

LEVELLENGTHLEGACYLEFT-JUSTIFIEDLEFTLEAVELEADINGLE

LAYOUTLATELASTLANGUAGEKINDKEYSKEYKERNEL

KEEPINGKEEPJOINJOBISINVERSEINTOINTERVALS

INTERNALINTERFACESINTERFACE-POOLINTERFACEINTENSIFIEDINSTANCESINSERTINPUT

ZONEZYYMMDDYELLOW

XSTRLENXSTRINGXSEQUENCEXMLXWRITEWORKWORD

WITHOUTWITH-TITLEWITH-HEADINGWITHWINDOWWIDTHWHILEWHERE

WHENEVERWHENWARNINGWAITVISIBLEVIAVERSIONVARYING

VARYVALUESVALUE-REQUESTVALUEVALIDUTF-8USINGUSER-COMMAND

USERUPPERUPDATEUPUNTILUNPACKUNITUNIQUE

UNICODEUNDERUNASSIGNULINETYPESTYPE-POOLSTYPE-POOLTYPE

TRYTRUNCATIONTRUNCATETRUNCTRANSPORTINGTRANSLATETRANSFORMATIONTRANSFER

TRANSACTIONTRAILINGTRACE-TABLETRACE-FILETOP-OF-PAGETOP-LINESTOTITLEBAR

TITLE-LINESTITLETIMESTIMETEXTPOOLTEXTTESTINGTASK

TANHTANTABSTRIPTABLEVIEWTABLESTABLETABBEDTAB

TSYSTEM-EXITSYSTEM-EXCEPTIONSSYSTEM-CALLSYNTAX-CHECKSYMBOLSUPPRESSSUPPLIED

SUMSUFFIXSUBTRACTSUBSTRINGSUBSCREENSUBROUTINESUBMITSUBMATCHES

SUBKEYSTRUCTURESTRLENSTRINGSTOPSTEP-LOOPSTATICSSTATIC

STATEMENTSTATESTARTINGSTART-OF-SELECTIONSTANDARDSTAMPSTABLESQRT

SQLSPOTSSPOOLSPLITSPECIFIEDSOURCESORTEDSORTABLE

SORTSOMESKIPSIZESINHSINGLESINSIMPLE

SIGNSHORTDUMP-IDSHIFTSHAREDSETSEPARATEDSEPARATESELECTIONS

SELECTION-TABLESELECTION-SETSSELECTION-SETSELECTION-

SCREENSELECTIONSELECT-OPTIONSSELECTSECTION

SECONDSSEARCHSCROLLINGSCROLL-BOUNDARYSCROLLSCREENSAVINGSAP-SPOOL

SAPRUNROWSROUNDROLLBACKRIGHT-JUSTIFIEDRIGHTRFC

RETURNINGRETURNRESULTSRESULTRESPECTINGRESOLUTIONRESETRESERVE

REQUESTEDREQUESTREPORTREPLACINGREPLACEMENTREPLACERENAMINGREJECT

Is a historically grown 4GL language

Is specialized for business applications

Sometimes uses keywords instead of operands

Has only few system classes

You:Can use most of these keywords in method implementations

Will find almost all of these keywords in existing coding

Enables extensive syntax and type checks at compile time

Is more flexible when using additions and operands comparedto method calls

Is highly optimized with regard to performance

Enables efficient application development by powerful concepts - for example, large data volumes can be processed efficiently

Allows seamless and easy integration of important interfaces to services (for example, SQL, XSLT, screen programming, external programs, and so on)

Results in a consistent documentation of everything a businessapplication programmer needs to know

On the other hand, using language statementsinstead of classes:

ABAP Special Features – Keyword Documentation

ABAP Special Features – Runtime Environment 1

ABAP is the programing interface of SAP NetWeaver Web Application Server ABAP

→ You need a WAS to work with ABAP

1. A WAS is available in your enterprise: Everyone with developer authorizations can program ABAP

2. For training purposes, a Mini WAS ABAP is available

1. (Almost) for free atwww.sap.com/company/shop(SAP Knowlede Shop → General → SAP NetWeaver → WAS)

2. For free as SAP Press book CDs

Persistent Data(Database, Files, ...)

User Interface(SAP GUI, Web, ...)

WebApplicationServer

...SELECT * FROM ......

ABAP Objects

WebApplicationServer

CLASS ...... SELECT * FROM ......

ENDCLASS.

CLASS ...... SELECT * FROM ......

ENDCLASS.

CLASS ...METHOD main.

...ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.ABAP Programs

ABAP Virtual Machine

Processes

ABAP Special Features – Program Execution 1

Magic word for ABAP program execution: Transaction code

Transaction codes call programs –for example, SE80 calls the ABAP Workbench, which is written in ABAP

Transaction codes are usually hiddenbehind menu entries, for example.

Transaction codes entered in theinput fields of the standard toolbar of an ABAP-based SAP System serveas shortcuts (SE93)

ABAP Special Features – Program Execution 2

Creating a transaction code

execute method main of class bank_application in program BANKAPPLICATION

ABAP Special Features – ABAP and Database Access 1

ABAP is tailor-made for (mass) data processing in businessapplications based on relational databases.

The language and the runtime environment have many features thatsupport business programming (for example, support of internationalization, distributed programming (RFC), authoritychecks).

The most important aspect of business programming in ABAP is itshandling of database tables:

Databases are generated from data types in the ABAP Dictionary

Database access is integrated into the language as Open SQL

Performance of database accesses is optimized via a bufferingmechanism integrated into the runtime environment

OLTP (Online Transaction Programming) is supported by the SAP LUWconcept (transaction and enqueue handling) for many user systems

ABAP Special Features – ABAP and Database Access 2

ID AMOUNT

... ...Database

ABAP Dictionary

CLASS account DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.METHODS:

constructorIMPORTING id TYPE accounts-id,

depositIMPORTING amount TYPE accounts-amount,

PRIVATE SECTION.DATA:

amount TYPE accounts-amount.ENDCLASS.

CLASS account IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD constructor.SELECT SINGLE amount

FROM accountsINTO (amount)WHERE id = id.

ENDMETHOD....

ENDCLASS.ABAP

ABAP Special Features – The ABAP Type System 1

Data Types

Elementary Daty Types

Fixed Length

Variable Length

Objects

Data Objects

Elementary Data Objects

Static Data Objects

Dynamic Data Objects

Floating Point Numbers

Integers

Byte Fields

string

xstring

Character Strings

Byte Strings

data, any

csequence

numeric

simple

xsequence

d Date Fields

n Numeric Text Fields

t Time Fields

p Packed Numbers

Text Fields

Generic Types

ABAP Special Features – The ABAP Type System 2Types

Data Types

Complex Data Types

Structured Types

Table Types

Object Types

Classes

Interfaces

Objects

Data Objects

Complex Data Objects

Structures

Internal Tables

Reference Types

Data References

Object References

Reference Variables

Data Reference Variables

Object Reference Variables

Interface References Interface Reference Variables

Class References Class Reference Variables

Objects

Index Tables

Standard Tables

Sorted Tables

Hashed Tables

Standard Tables

Sorted Tables

Hashed Tables

data, any

object

any table

[standard] table

sorted table

hashed table

index table

ABAP Special Features – The ABAP Type System 3

TYPES account_tab_type TYPE HASHED TABLE OF accountsWITH UNIQUE KEY id.

DATA account_tab TYPE account_tab_type.

DATA account_wa TYPE accounts.

SELECT *FROM accountsINTO TABLE account_tabWHERE id = ...

READ TABLE account_tabWITH TABLE KEY id = ...INTO account_wa.

Local Type in Program Internal Table Type

ABAP Dictionary

Internal Table

Structure

ABAP Special Features – ABAP’s Procedural Heritage 1

ABAP Objects, the object-oriented extension of ABAP isvery similar to JAVA:

ABAP Objects is based on classes and interfaces.

Classes and interaces have attributes and methods as components.

Objects are created from classes and are accessed via referencevariables.

Polymorphism is supported by interface implementation and singleinheritance.

Addtionally, ABAP Objects allows events as components of classes

Events are declared with EVENTS and can be raised inside methodsusing RAISE EVENT.

Methods can become event handlers with METHODS ... FOR EVENTEvents can be registered at runtime using SET ACTIVATION

But: there was an ABAP world before ABAP Objects!

Before the introduction of methods in classes, modularization was carried out with function modules (external) and subroutines (internal) in programs:

ABAP Program

* Global Declarations ...DATA ...

FORM ...DATA ......

ENDFORM.

Function Group

FORM ...DATA ......SELECT * FROM ......

ENDFORM.

......CALL FUNCTION ...PERFORM ......END...

FUNCTION ...DATA ......PERFORM ......

ENDFUNCTION.

Before the introduction of transaction codes linked to methods in classes, program execution was carried out using transaction codes linked to dynpros(screens) or by calling a special reporting process in the runtime environment:

ABAP Program

LOAD-OF-PROGRAM....

START-OF-SELECTION....

ABAP Virtual MachineReporting Process

SUBMIT ...

ABAP Program

MODULE ......

ENDMODULE.

Dynpro

PROCESS AFTER INPUT.MODULE ...

ABAP Special Features – ABAP Program Types 1

xxxxxTransaction Code

xSUBMITxxxxSubroutines

xFunction Modules

xxxxxMethods

xxxxxxInterfaces

xxxxxClasses

xReporting Events

xxxList Events

xxxSelection Screen Events

xxxDialog Modules

xxxDynpro

xxxxxxGlobal Data

Interface Pool

Class Pool

Type Pool

Subroutine Pool

Function Pool

Module Pool

Executable Program

SupportedFeatures

There are lot of different types of ABAP programs!

The type of a program defines its features and how it is executed in the runtimesystem.

ABAP Special Features – ABAP Program Types 2

You might also encounter include programs. These are textually included in other programs and inherit their environment.

ABAP Special Features – Development Environment 1

Java/J2EE (SAP solution)

RepositoryLocal Development

Environments

LocalDevelopment

Activation

Build Service J2EE Server

Check Out

Check In

SourceCode Archive

Pool Deployment

ABAPSAP Systems(Development)

ABAP Workbench

DevelopersDevelopersDevelopers

SAP Systems(Consolidation and Test)

DevelopersDevelopersQM, Tester

SAP Systems(Productive)

DevelopersDevelopersEnd User

CTS CTS

Repository Objectsin Packages

Programs, Screens, Classes, Interfaces, BSPs, Data Types, Function Modules, ...

Specialized Tools for various Repository Objects:

ABAP Editor for ABAP Source Code (programs, implementations).

Class Builder for Global Classes and Interfaces

ABAP Dictionary for Global Data Types and Database Tables

Function Builder for Function Groups and Function Modules

Web Application Builder for BSPs

Screen Painter for Dynpros

Menu Painter for Taskbars

Simple Usage via Forward Navigation in ABAP Worbench.

Summary

Motivation

Summary

ABAP Objects itself is very similar to Java.

However, ABAP is more than ABAP Objects.

In ABAP, the role of many statements is equivalent to that of methods in Java.

ABAP is in part a highly specialized programminginterface of the WAS.

It is sufficient to know the basic (Java-like) languageelements of ABAP in order to get started.

Complex (library-type) language elements of ABAP can belooked up on demand.

Further Information

ABAP Documentation:Always the first source of information

Articles in Journals:http://www.intelligenterp.com/feature/archive/heymann.shtml

http://www.intelligenterp.com/feature/archive/keller.shtml

http://www.sappublications.com/insider/article.htm?key=20248

Many ABAP articles at http://www.sappro.com

SAP Press Books:ABAP Objects, Introduction: ISBN 0-201-75080-5 (English)ISBN 3-89842-147-3 (German)

ABAP Objects, Reference:ISBN 1-59229-011-6 (English)ISBN 3-89842-444-8 (German)for more books visit http://www.sap-press.com, http://www.sappress.de.

SAP Developer Network

Look for SAP TechEd ’04 presentations and videos on the SAP Developer Network.

Coming in December.

http://www.sdn.sap.com/

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Abap151 - Abap Objects for Java Developers

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