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HISTORICAL CONTEXT: EUROPE DURING
MAGELLAN'S TIME
FERDINAND MAGELLAN
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• Commercial Revolution
• Crusaders, missionaries,Polo brothers
• Oriental products: silk, tapestries,drugs, spices
•
Long trade routes to the orient• City of Constantinople was captured
by muslim turks
•
Venetian monopoly
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EAST: PORTUGALWEST: SPAIN
KING FERDINAND II
POPE ALEXANDER VI
THE DEMARCATION LINE
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS (1494)
KING JOHN II
QUEENISABELLA I
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imeline
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• August 10 1519• Septe!e" #0$ 1519• Septe!e" #%$ 1519• &'"() 15#1• &'"() 1%$ 15#1
• &'"() *1$ 15#1• Ap"+, -$ 15#1• Ap"+, 1.$ 15#1• Ap"+, #/$ 15#1•
Sept %$ 15##
•
Ap"+, ##$ 15#9• Fe!"u'" 1*$ 15%5• Ap"+, #-$ 15%5• 15%9• 15-0• 15-0• 15-1 +,e• &' 19 15-1• Ju2e * 15-1
• Ju2e #.$ 15-1
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• !arch "#$"% !agellan &'pedition reached (slasLadrone)*s
• On !arch "+, "#$", !agellans e'pedition landedon -omonhon island in the Philippines.
• !arch /", "#$"%0irst !ass in the Philippin1pril 2, "#$": !agellan arrives at Cebu andbefriends Ra3ah -umabon, ruler of Cebu. 1signi4cant number of Cebu natives are converted
to Catholicism.• On 1pril "2, "#$", !agellan sailed to !actan and
ensuing battle killed !agellan by the natives leadby Lapu%Lapu.
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• 1pril $5, "#$"%!agellan is killed in battle on !actan (slandby Lapu%Lapu. 6isputes over women cause deterioration of7paniard%Cebuano relations and $2 7paniards are killed. he remaining 7paniards depart.
•
7ept. +, "#$$% Of the 4ve ships that departed 7pain with!agellan, only one ship returns with a crew of "5. hevoyage however, is a success and the ships cargo makes apro4t of "8#9.
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• 15#93 S''4e"'s e6pe+t+72 returns to 7painwithout 7aavedra who died on the way home.
• 15%5$ Fe! 1*3 ith four ships and /58 men,&+gue, L7pe8 e Leg'sp+ arrives in thePhilippines.
• 15%5$ &' /3 he (sland of Cebu is surrenderedto Legaspi by its ruler K+2g up's. Legaspiestablishes the 4rst permanent 7panish
settlement on Cebu and becomes the 4rst7panish ;overnor%;eneral.
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• 15-0$ &'3 Legaspi sends an e'pedition underthe leadership of !artin de ;oiti to !anila. !anilais ruled by R':') Su,+'2, whose friendship iswon by de ;oiti.
• 15-1$ &' 193 Ra3ah 7uliman wages war againstthe 7paniards due to a move by de ;oiti which hemistakes for an assault. 6e ;oitis army defeats7ulimans troops and 7((up+es the town.
• 15-1$ Ju2 #.3 Legaspi establishes hisgovernment in !anila and proclaims it the('p+t', of the Philippines, calling it the>distinguished and ever loyal city>.
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MAGELLAN'S JOURNEY
VI;ORIA
RINIDAD SAN ANONIO
SANIAGO
;ON;EP;ION
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Sigi!i"#"$ %! M#g$&' J%$*
T% +,$ W%&-
T% +,$ P,i&i..i$
ESABLISHED HA HE
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POST/MAGELLAN EXPEDITIONS
13 LOAISA EXPEDIION ?15#5@ ;ONINGEN - SHIPS .50 &EN RESULS FAILURE O REA;H RP
#3 ;ABO EXPEDIION ?15#%@;ONINGEN . SHIPS #50 &EN
RESULS FAILURE O REA;H RP
*3 SAAVEDRA EXPEDIION ?15#-@;ONINGEN * SHIPS 110 &ENRESULS REA;HED &INDANAO BU FAILED O
;OLONICE.3 VILLALOBOS EXPEDIION;ONINGEN % SHIPS #00 &ENRESULS REA;HED &INDANAO BU FAILED O ;OLONICE RU= LOPEC DE VILLALOBOS NA&ED AS ISLASFILIPINAS
IN HONOR OF KING PHILIP II
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PART II
THE SPANISH COLONI0ATION
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MIGUEL LOPE0 DE LEGA0PI
COLONI0ATION OF THE PHILIPPINES
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WHO IS MIGUEL LOPE0
DE LEGA0PI2
BORN IN 150# DIED 15-#
HE
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LEGA0PI'S ACHIE3EMENTS
P$#"$ A""%- i+, L%"#& L$#-$:
5&%%- C%6.#"+
C%7$+ $+#8&i,6$+ %! C$8
# +,$ %&-$+ S.#i, Ci+*
C%7$+ %! P##* #- %+,$ I-
F%-ig %! +,$ Ci+* %! M#i
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T,$ F#6% 5&%%- C%6.#"+ %! L$g#.i
i+, Si#+#
i 5%,%&
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REASONS FOR COLONI0ATION: THE ; G
GOD
GOLD
GLORY
HE CON3ERSION OF NATI3ES TO CHRISTIANITY
ACCUMULATION OF GOLD
OR WEALTH
SUPREMACY OF SPAIN
O3ER PORTUGAL AS A
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&asy paci4cation of the Philippines
•
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)e Sp'2+'"s 's ;7,72+', &'ste"s
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• 7pain reigned over the Philippines for /// years,from "#+# to "5=5.
• 7pain was far from the country, the 7panish kingruled the (slands through the viceroy of !e'ico,which was then another 7panish colony.
• hen !e'ico regained its freedom in "5$", the
7panish king ruled the Philippines through agovernor general. – 1 special government body that oversaw matters,
pertaining to the colonies assisted the king in this
respect. – his body became known by many names. Council of
the (ndies ?"#+#%"5/2@, Overseas Council ?"5/2%"5+/@,and !inistry of the Colonies ?"5+/A"5=5@. (t is
implemented the decrees and legal codes.
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he Political 7tructure
• 7pain established a centrali)edcolonial government.
• Composed of a national governmentand the local governments thatadministered provinces, cities, townsand municipalities.
• ith the cooperation of the localgovernments the nationalgovernment maintained peace and
order, collected ta'es and built
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Bing of7pain
Royal1udiencia
he;overnor;eneral
1lcadiaCorrigimie
nto
Pueblos
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he ;overnor ;eneral
• Bings representative and the highest%ranking ocialin the Philippines,
• 7ees to it that royal decrees and laws emanatingfrom 7pain were implemented in the Philippines.
• -e had the power to appoint and dismiss publicocials, e'cept those personally chosen by the Bing.
• -e also supervised all government oces and thecollection of ta'es.
• he governor general e'ercised certain legislativepowers, as well. -e issued proclamations to facilitatethe implementation of laws.
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he Residencia
• 1 special 3udicial court thatinvestigates the performance of agovernor general who was about to
be replaced.
• he residencia, of which theincoming governor general was
usually a member, submitted areport of its 4ndings to the Bing.
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he Visita
• he Council of the (ndies in 7painsent a government ocial called theVistador ;eneral to observe
conditions in the colony.
• he Visitador ;eneral reported his4ndings directly to the Bing.
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he Royal 1udiencia
• 1part from its 3udicial functions,
• 7erved as an advisory body to the ;overnor;eneral and had the power to check and
report on his abuses.• he 1udiencia also audited the
e'penditures of the colonial governmentand sent a yearly report to 7pain.
• he 1rchbishop and other governmentocials could also report the abuses of thecolonial government to the 7panish king.
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he Provincial ;overnment
• here were two types of local government units A the".@alcadia and the $.@corregimiento.
• he alcadia, led by the alcalde mayor, governed theprovinces that had been fully sub3ugated:
•
the corregimiento, headed by corregidor, governed theprovinces that were not yet entirely under 7panish control.
• he alcalde mayors represented the 7panish king and thegovernor general in their respective provinces. heymanaged the day%to%day operations of the provincial
government, implemented laws and supervised thecollection of ta'es. hrough they were paid a small salary,they en3oyed privileges such as the indulto de comercio,or the right to participate in the galleon trade.
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he !unicipal ;overnment
• &ach province was divided into several townsor pueblos headed by ;obernadordcillos,whose main concerns were ecient
governance and ta' collection.• 0our lieutenants aided the ;overnardorcillo:
the eniente !ayor ?chief lieutenant@, the eniente de Policia ?police lieutenant@, the
eniente de 7ementeras ?lieutenant of the4elds@ and the eniente de ;anados?lieutenant of the livestock@.
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he &ncomienda 7ystem• Bing Philip (( instructed Lega)pi to divide the
Philippines into large territories calledencomiendas, to be left to the management ofdesignated encomenderos.
• o show his gratitude to his conEuistadors, theBing made them the 4rst encomenderos in thecolony.
•
1s the BingFs representatives in their respectiveencomiendas, the encomenderos had the right tocollect ta'es.
• he encomiendas were not there to own.
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he encomenderos were onlyterritorial overseers who had the duty
to:
".@ protect the people in the
encomiendaG$.@ maintain peace and orderG
/.@ promote education and health
programsG andH.@ help the missionaries propagate
Christianity