Acton Biology Mr. LeBlancSBI 3U

Diversity of Living Things

Growthincrease in sizeenlargement of a single cell or mitotic division towards the forming of a multi-cellular organismleads to a series of changes that allows an organism to reach its final form (development)

Reproductiononly life can produce life (like produces like)organisms must reproduce because they have a limited life spanmethods include asexual and/or sexual reproduction

Irritabilityresponse to stimuli or changes in the environmentallows for survival

Maintenance and Repairenergy is needed to repair damaged and/or worn out parts 

Metabolismis the exchange of matter and energy between an organism and its environment and the changes that occur in this matter and energy when they are in the organism

Originally developed by Carl Linnaeus (18th century) His system was based on physical

features and structuresWhy?

Two-part Latin naming system First part is the genus Second part is the species Ex. For Homo sapiens (the name for

humans), Homo is the genus and sapiens is the species

A species is a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring under normal conditions▪ Example and non-example?

Taxonomy is the modern classification system for organisms

The levels of classification are called taxa A single taxonomic level is called a

taxon

Species

Genus

Family

Order

Class

Phylum

Kingdom K

P

C

O

F

G

S

K

P

C

O

F

G

S

Least number of taxonomic groupsGreatest number of organisms per taxon

Greatest number of taxonomic groups

One organism per taxon

Eubacteria – “True” bacteriaArchaebacteria – “Ancient” bacteriaProtista – Eukaryotic microorganismsFungi – Yeasts, molds and

mushroomsPlantae – PlantsAnimalia - Animals

UnicellularProkaryoticHeterotrophic or autotrophicAsexual reproductionCell wall (peptidoglycan)Ex. algae

Procholorococcus – an autotrophic bacterium

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UnicellularProkaryoticHeterotrophicCell wall (no

peptidoglycan)

Reproduction – asexualCell Wall – cell walls without

peptidoglycanHabitat – live in extreme habitats

such as hot springs, geysers, volcanic hot pools, brine pools, black smokers

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Morning Glory Pool in Yellowstone National Park – note the bright colors from the archaebacteria growing in the extremely hot water.

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Archaebacteria can live deep in the ocean near geothermal vents called black smokers

There is no light, so they carry out chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis

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Single celled or multicellularProkaryotic or eukaryoticAutotrophic, heterotrophic or bothSexual or asexual reproductionCell wall

Volvox – a colonial protist

Euglena - autotrophic

A slime mold

Amoeba - heterotrophic

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Most are multicellularHeterotrophicSexual and asexual reproductionCell wall made of chitin

Stilton cheese

Bread mold

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MulticellularAutotrophicSexual and asexual reproductionCell wall made of cellulose

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MulticellularHeterotrophicSexual reproduction (most)No cell wall

Coral snake

Sponge

Flatworm

Octopus

Jellyfish

Bear

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