Post on 31-Dec-2015
description
transcript
Adding Life to Retirement Years
byThe Hon. Tam Yiu ChungChairman, Elderly Commission
15 February 2003
Topics:Background and IntroductionContribution of Older Persons to SocietyRetirement AgeSenior VolunteerismPreparation for RetirementIntergenerational Relationship and Continuing EducationWay Forward
10.2%11.2% 11.9%12.2%14.4%17.2%21%24.3%Source: Census and Statistics Department
Chart1
1.20414.57770.6537
1.10444.86690.7536
1.06025.21450.8471
1.00685.60120.9197
1.02065.7411.1349
1.03645.77751.4144
1.02255.69051.7794
1.01795.58362.12
Population(millions)
Aged 0 - 14
Aged 15-64
Aged 65 and over
Age Structure of Population
Sheet1
Expectation of life at birth
MaleFemale
198172.378.5
198674.179.4
199175.280.7
199676.782.7
200178.284.1
200679.184.9
20118085.7
201680.786.4
202181.486.9
202681.887.4
203182.387.8
Child dependency ratioElderly dependency ratioOverall dependency ratio
2001227155382
2006203162365
2011180164344
2016178198376
2021179245424
2026180313493
2031182380562
0-1415-6465 and overTotal population
No.% shareNo.% shareNo.% shareNo.
19961.218.74.671.10.710.26.4
20011.116.44.972.40.811.26.7
20061.114.95.273.20.811.97.1
20111.013.45.674.40.912.27.5
20161.012.95.772.71.114.47.9
20211.012.65.870.21.417.28.2
20261.012.05.767.01.821.08.5
20311.011.75.664.02.124.38.7
No schooling / kindergartenPrimaryLower SecondaryUpper SecondaryMatriculationTertiary: Non-degree courseTertiary: Degree courseTotal
35-64 (Elder cohort by 2031)143477785680638846654816214203912932946312822946
45-74 (Elder cohort by 2021)28514373827936171126666099582422631270901920728
55-84 (Elder cohort by 2011351250477866146935881034372918373611141187370
65 and over (Present elder cohort)317027292592611083280815194624822075747052
Sheet1
72.378.5
74.179.4
75.280.7
76.782.7
78.284.1
79.184.9
8085.7
80.786.4
81.486.9
81.887.4
82.387.8
Male
Female
Year
Number of years
Expectation of Life at Birth
Sheet2
227155382
203162365
180164344
178198376
179245424
180313493
182380562
Child dependency ratio
Elderly dependency ratio
Overall dependency ratio
per 1000 persons aged between 15 to 64
Age Dependency Ratio
Sheet3
Population(millions)
Aged 0 - 14
Aged 15-64
Aged 65 and over
Age Structure of Population
1111
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0000000
0000000
0000000
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No schooling / kindergarten
Primary
Lower Secondary
Upper Secondary
Matriculation
Tertiary: Non-degree course
Tertiary: Degree course
Educational Attainment (Highest level attended)
Source: Census and Statistics Department
Population Pyramid
Thousand persons
400
300
200
100
0
100
200
300
400
Female
Male
Mid-2031
Age group
85+
80-84
75-79
65-69
70-74
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Thousand persons
400
300
200
100
0
100
200
300
400
Female
Male
Mid-2016
Age group
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
70-74
65-69
75-79
80-84
85+
Thousand persons
300
200
100
0
100
200
300
400
Female
Male
Age group
()
Mid-2001
(Base)
400
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Foreign domestic helpers
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
70-74
65-69
75-79
80-84
85+
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_1082229004.unknown
_1082229007.unknown
_1082229008.unknown
_1082229010.unknown
_1082229005.unknown
_1082229002.unknown
_1082228998.unknown
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Population Ageing is first and foremost a success story for public health policies as well as social and economic developmentGro Harlem Brundtland, WHO Director General
Elderly Commission: Symposium on Challenges and Opportunities of an Ageing Population 8 June 2002
first of its kind in Hong Kong, a multi-sectoral and multi-disciplinary approach to discuss the implications of population ageing
Elderly Commission: Symposium on Challenges and Opportunities of an Ageing Population 8 June 2002
policy framework for an ageing societyeconomic and business perspectives of population ageingpublic perception of ageingchanging workforce and concept of retirementbuilt environmentchanging healthcare focus
Contribution of older persons to society
Elderly Dependency Ratiothe number of persons aged 65 and over per 1,000 persons aged between 15 and 64
people in the age group of 15 to 64 years old support persons aged 65 or over
assumption: as population ages, fewer workers tosupport more older persons
But the question is:
are societal wealth and productivity onlygenerated by persons in the age group of 15 to 64?
The fact is, older persons are going to be:
more healthy better educated
and will aspire to play a different role in society
not so long ago, a report of the League of Nations, in anticipation of post World War II labour requirements, described population aging as a major problem for industrial economies where maximum productivity was thought to be reached by men under 35
Research shows:
older workers are usually willing and enthusiastic about learning new skills
older workers can learn, although training techniques may need to beadapted
lower absenteeism and staff turnover among older workers
Research shows:
initial cognitive functioning of most individuals is higher than that needed for most ordinary tasks
older persons are still fit to work at 75 years of age with their IQ and EQ intact
while some older workers may be less flexible and adaptable, they are more reliable, conscientious, and loyal
Employment of older people can be a very positive socio-economic factor. Older workers:continue to pay taxes
contribute to retirement fund schemes
generate wealth for themselves and society
Being employed enhance personal dignity and keep people out of poverty.
Retirement Age
at the time the average life expectancy was 55 years
manual labour was the norm
life in retirement was much shorter
Retirement age came into being in about 1889
with people living longer, healthier lives, can we afford to spend less time working and ever more time in retirement?
Today Hong Kongs average life expectancy for men and women are 78.4 and 84.6 years respectively:
Retirement Age in
USA - being gradually raised to 67 years Japan 69 yearsKorea - 67 years
Flexible or part-time work arrangements for older persons -
would not block the advancement of younger workers, while retaining valuable insight and expertise for the employer
likely to become a necessity as the population ages
a study has shown that late retirees who retired after the age of 65 tended to die within two years after retirement (Sing Lin, Ph.D, Mar 2002 Optimum Strategies for Creativity and Longevity )
but other studies also show that people who retire earlier also die earlier
important message is that we should all take care of our health, have proper leisure and relaxation throughout life
people should be given a choice as to whether or not to retire, or to continue working part-time
Change societys attitude towards retirement and retirement practices -
consider how employment practices could be reinvented so that older persons can continue working to the benefit of the employers, themselves and society at large
Labour Force Participation Rate
Senior VolunteerismApart from paid employment, older persons can still make positive and productive contribution to society through volunteer work.
Senior Volunteerismover 200 000 volunteers, many of them are older persons, in non-governmental sector
12 000 elder volunteers in Social Welfare Departments Senior Volunteer Programme
1 000 elder health ambassadors in Elderly Commissions Community Partnership Scheme projects
the contribution of volunteer work are estimated at between 8% and 14% of Gross Domestic Product
consider ways to recognize the value of voluntary work by older persons in Hong Kong
Volunteering as a broader community investment strategy and means of staff development
timeoff with pay for their staff financial support or assistance in kind company volunteering schemes recognize and support existing staff involvement with voluntary organizations
Opportunities for retiree professionals to share their experience and serve the community in sectors that are usually not involved in ageing related issues
Preparation for Retirementexit programmes for retiring employees for active and healthy ageing
healthy and active retirees lessen demands on public medical and social services
generate business opportunities: investment management, travel services, health products, etc.
Intergenerational RelationshipContinuing EducationReinvest in Ageing
Decrease in average household size and Increase in households with persons 65+
Intergenerational Gapgrowing segregation of the older and younger generations in the domestic settingthe chasm made greater with the digital gapdwindling interaction between different age groups deterioration in the younger generations perception of older people
Continuing Education older persons pursue lifelong learning update themselves and keep up with technological advances in every day living
self-enrichment reconstruct the image of ageing and improve intergenerational connectivity
Reinvest in Ageing
compartmentalized life course: - education when young- work in adulthood- leisure after retirement
Reinvest in Ageingintegrated life course-lifelong learning interspersed with periods of work and leisure and self-reflection
promotion of lifelong learning among elders-joint process of individuals, families, communities and Government
Elderly Commissionadvocate preventive and life-course approach in health and positive image of ageing in the Healthy Ageing Campaign
promote active and healthy ageing according to the World Health Organization Policy Framework on Active Ageing
Initiatives to be considered
rethinking retirement and human resources practices
review volunteering activities for older persons and explore new opportunities
Initiatives to be considereddemonstration projects in cultural, arts and sports arena to highlight the abilities of active, healthy and creative older persons
encourage lifelong learning programmes and promote intersectoral collaboration in the provision of lifelong learning opportunities for older persons
The challenge: to socially evolve in a forward-looking, sustainable manner add life to years after adding years to lifetransition into a satisfying retirement in old agea win-win situation for older persons and the rest of society
Thank you!