Post on 03-Apr-2018
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BRIDGE THE GAP
Administrative SourcesFederal and Virginia
Gail Zwirner
Head of Access Services
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Recent Headlines
American, US Airways win merger approval (DOJ)(3/28/2013)
Honeywell to pay $3M penalty for emissions (EPA &DOJ) (3/29/2013)
SCC Approves Solar Program: Dominion Virginia Powergets OK on pilot energy generation effort (StateCorporation Commission) (11/28/2012)
Comments on clinic rules pour in: abortion rights
advocates deliver 3500 to Va. Board [of Health] (3/29/2013)
Virginias jobless rate in Dec. is lowest in four years(Va. Employment Commission) (1/19/2013)
Oyster Restoration Plan Outlined for Bay (Va. Marine
Resources Commission) (2/12/2013)
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Executive Branch Research
An administrative agency may be called a Department(DOT), a Board (NLRB), a Commission (FCC), anAuthority (TVA), a an Administration (SSA), anAgency (EPA), a Corporation (FDIC), or a Service
(IRS) Examples of executive branch entities are:
Department of Justice, Defense, Agriculture, Energy,Transportation, Homeland Security (Cabinet level departments)
Environmental Protection Agency
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Securities and Exchange Commission
United States Postal Service
Federal Aviation Administration
http://www.loc.gov/rr/news/fedgov.html
http://www.loc.gov/rr/news/fedgov.htmlhttp://www.loc.gov/rr/news/fedgov.html7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Role of Administrative Agencies
Authorized by Congress in enabling legislation
(sometimes by Presidential Executive Order) to
promulgate regulations
May hear and settle disputes arising from the regulation
or enabling statute
May investigate and prosecute violators of regulations
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What kinds of materials do these entities
generate?
Rules orregulations (which have the same effect asstatutes) (third level of primary authority); may providemore specificity than the enabling legislation
Presidential/Gubernatorial documents (ExecutiveOrders)
Licenses, which include permits, certificates
Attorney General opinions
Advisory opinions, which are authoritative interpretationsof statutes and regulations (not binding) (sometimescalled interpretive regulations)
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Materials, cont.
Orders, the final disposition of any agency action,
other than rulemaking
Decisions, which adjudicate controversies arising
out of the interpretation of statutes or regulations;they are issued in the same manner as court
decisions
United States Government Manualon the internet
at:http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN
&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-
05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-
11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=1716http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=GOVMAN&browsePath=2011+Edition+%28October%29%3BGOVMAN-2011-10-05%3Bthumbnails%5C%2Fgovman10-11.jpg&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&ycord=17167/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Whats the difference between a statute and a
regulation?A statute enables an
agency to perform its
functions, including . . .
promulgating regulations Created by Legislative
branch
Representative
government in that weelect Congressional
members to vote for us
A regulation creates the
detailsthe rules ofprocedure to implement
the statutes Created by Executive
branch
Participatory government
in that the public maysubmit comments on a
proposed regulation
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How are they similar?
A statute is subject to
revision introduced inCongress as a bill
Slip law is published in the
Statutes atLarge, then
codified in the U.S. Code ,
organized by title, e.g. 29U.S.C. 623 (2000)
A regulation is subject torevision introduced as aproposed regulation inthe Federal Register
Final regulation ispublished in the FederalRegister, then codified inthe C.F.R., organized bytitle, e.g. 29 C.F.R. 1625.7 (2003)
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Creating Regulations
Administrative Procedure Act (APA) process:
Notify the public when they plan to promulgate new regulations or
change existing ones (NOPR)
Publish proposed regulations and solicit comments on them before
the regulations become final Publish final regulations before they go into effect to notify the
public of the new requirements
http://www.citizen.org/documents/Regulations-Flowchart.pdf
http://www.citizen.org/documents/Regulations-Flowchart.pdfhttp://www.citizen.org/documents/Regulations-Flowchart.pdfhttp://www.citizen.org/documents/Regulations-Flowchart.pdfhttp://www.citizen.org/documents/Regulations-Flowchart.pdf7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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The Tools - Regulations Federal - Print
Code of Federal Regulations - annual
List of Sections Affected - monthly
Federal Registerdaily
Depending on the nature of your research, you may start or endwith any of these tools
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Codification: Code of Federal Regulations
(C.F.R.) Subject arrangement of regulations by title and section or part number
Many titles correspond to statutes, but not all
Transportation: 49 in U.S.C. and C.F.R.
Environment: 42 in U.S.C., but 40 in C.F.R.
Index one volume at the end of the C.F.R.
Regulatory history in parenthetical references at end of section
C.F.R. volumes are issued each year on a staggered, quarterly basis(see current through date on cover) Titles 1-16 updated January 1 of each year
Titles 17-27 updated April 1 of each year
Titles 28-41 updated July 1 of each year Titles 42-50 updated October 1 of each year
Titles 51
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C.F.R. is
rich with
graphics
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Other C.F.R. Issues
Titles may include table of Material Approved forIncorporation by Reference material notpublished in the Federal RegisterorC.F.R.
Has force of law as if it were published in the FederalRegisterorC.F.R.
Frequently consists of technical standards
Title 3 of the C.F.R. is the compilation of
Executive Orders
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Other Sources for the C.F.R.
Westlaw
Lexis
FDSys (formerly GPO Access) 1996-current; based on print availability
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?collectionCode=CFR
E-CFR (updated by NARA) Current edition; incorporates Federal Register final rules prior to the
print publication
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/ECFR?page=browse
Hein Online 1938-current
http://heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection=cfr&set_as_cursor=clear
Agency websites: http://www.fda.gov/
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?collectionCode=CFRhttp://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/ECFR?page=browsehttp://heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection=cfr&set_as_cursor=clearhttp://www.fda.gov/http://www.fda.gov/http://heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection=cfr&set_as_cursor=clearhttp://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/ECFR?page=browsehttp://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/ECFR?page=browsehttp://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/ECFR?page=browsehttp://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?collectionCode=CFR7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Updating the C.F.R.: the List of Sections
Affected (L.S.A.) Published monthly
Number of issues used depends on current through dateof the C.F.R.
References are to the Federal Register
Includes a table to indicate the date of the issue that
includes the specific Federal Registerpage
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Updating the C.F.R.: the Federal Register
Created in 1935 to provide a centralized filing system forthe public and a place to provide notices of proposedrulemaking
Published Monday-Friday, except federal holidays
Issues are consecutively paginated; an annual volumecan exceed 60,000 pages
Publishes final rules prior to codification
Includes analysis not codified how and why the code will
be amended (intent) Includes Reader Aids pages to supplement the List of
Sections Affected
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Online sources for the Federal Register
Westlaw
Lexis
FDSys (formerly GPO Access) 1996-current; based on print availability
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?collectionCode=CFR
Hein Online 1938-current
http://heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection=cfr&set_as_cursor=clear
Regulations.gov (http://www.regulations.gov/#!home) allows thepublic to participate in the regulatory process
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?collectionCode=CFRhttp://heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection=cfr&set_as_cursor=clearhttp://www.regulations.gov/http://www.regulations.gov/http://heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection=cfr&set_as_cursor=clearhttp://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?collectionCode=CFR7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Agency Decisions
Print official: see Bluebook, pp. 218-228 and librarycatalog
http://Librarycat.richmond.edu
Opinions of the Office of Legal Counsel
Also looseleaf services CCH Intelliconnect and
BloombergBNA databases at:
http://law.richmond.edu/library/index.html
Agency websites: http://www.justice.gov/
Agencies
Office of Legal Counsel
Website
Opinions (1992-present)
Lexis/Westlaw
http://librarycat.richmond.edu/http://law.richmond.edu/library/index.htmlhttp://www.justice.gov/http://www.justice.gov/http://law.richmond.edu/library/index.htmlhttp://librarycat.richmond.edu/7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Presidential Documents
Executive Orders
Proclamations, such as bill signing statements
Sources:
Title 3 of the C.F.R.
Federal Register
Weekly (Daily) Compilation of Presidential Documents
U.S. Code Congressional and Administrative News
Public Papers of the President
Lexis/Westlaw
Whitehouse.gov
Hein Online athttp://heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection=presidents&set_as_cursor=clea
r
http://heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection=presidents&set_as_cursor=clearhttp://heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection=presidents&set_as_cursor=clearhttp://heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection=presidents&set_as_cursor=clearhttp://heinonline.org/HOL/Index?collection=presidents&set_as_cursor=clear7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Virginia Administrative Process Act
Va. Code Ann. 2.2-4000 to 2.2-4031
VAPA originally enacted in 1975 and was recodified
most recently in 2001
Virginias process is similar to the Federal process ofnotice, public comment period, agency response
(intent) published in the Virginia Register
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General State Sources
Report of the Secretary of the Commonwealthincludes the statutory authority, purpose, powers andduties, composition, term, and membership of alldepartments of the executive branch of government.
Source for Governors Executive Orders Online only now athttp://www.soc.state.va.us/StateGovernment/BlueBook/report.cfm
http://www.soc.state.va.us/StateGovernment/BlueBook/report.cfmhttp://www.soc.state.va.us/StateGovernment/BlueBook/report.cfmhttp://www.soc.state.va.us/StateGovernment/BlueBook/report.cfmhttp://www.soc.state.va.us/StateGovernment/BlueBook/report.cfm7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Regulations Virginia - Print
Virginia Administrative Code (West)
Virginia Register
Some agency decisions:
Virginia Attorney General
State Corporation Commission
Workers Compensation Commission
Tax (CCH)
Bureau of Insurance (SCC)
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Virginia Administrative Code (VAC)
Print (published by West) (1995-) Organized by subject, not alphabetically by agency. For example,
Health includes:
Department of Health
Health Planning Board Health Services Cost Review Council
Dept. of Medical Assistance Services
State Mental Health, Mental Retardation, and SubstanceAbuse Services Board
Caution: General index not updated regularly; may need to rely onsubject index
Lexis/Westlaw/Web at http://leg1.state.va.us(unannotated)
http://leg1.state.va.us/http://leg1.state.va.us/7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Virginia Register of Regulations (VRR)
First created in 1985, VRR is intended to supplement theVirginia Administrative Code
Includes the text of proposed and final regulations;proposed regulations include an economic impact
analysisAlso includes emergency regulations, Governors
executive orders (prior to inclusion in the Report of theSecretary of the Commonwealth), SCC Orders, TaxBulletins, and notices of public hearings
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Sources for the VRR
Print (published biweekly by the Commonwealth);indexed quarterly, cumulative index at the completionof a volume
Lexis and Westlaw
Web at: http://legis.state.va.us/search/reg_query.htm PDF copies available for Vol. 14-29 (6/22/1998-2013); also includes a searchable database
Through 2009 (v. 26) it included a Cumulative Tableof VAC Sections Adopted, Amended, or Repealed(same purpose as the federal L.S.A.) The table isavailable only on the web athttp://register.dls.virginia.gov/CUMULTAB.HTM
http://legis.state.va.us/search/reg_query.htmhttp://register.dls.virginia.gov/CUMULTAB.HTMhttp://register.dls.virginia.gov/CUMULTAB.HTMhttp://legis.state.va.us/search/reg_query.htm7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Guidance Documents
Any document developed by a state agency or staff thatprovides information or guidance of general applicability
to the staff or public to interpret or implement statutes or
the agencys rules or regulations.
http://legis.state.va.us/codecomm/guidance/guidedoc.htm
http://uscode.house.gov/search/criteria.phphttp://uscode.house.gov/search/criteria.php7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Governors Executive Orders
Print: 1903-2005 in Report of the Secretary of the Commonwealth
Virginia Register
Web:
Report of the Secretary of the Commonwealth http://www.commonwealth.virginia.gov/StateGovernment/BlueBook/report.cfm
Gubernatorial Documents
Current Governors website at www.governor.virginia.gov)(posted as released)
Link: Issues & Initiatives/Executive Orders List updated at the end of an administration
Virginia Register
http://www.commonwealth.virginia.gov/StateGovernment/BlueBook/report.cfmhttp://www.governor.virginia.gov/http://www.governor.virginia.gov/http://www.commonwealth.virginia.gov/StateGovernment/BlueBook/report.cfm7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Governors Executive Orders
Department of Planning and Budget Orders still in force from all administrations
http://www.dpb.virginia.gov/eo/eo.cfm
http://www.dpb.virginia.gov/eo/eo.cfmhttp://www.dpb.virginia.gov/eo/eo.cfm7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Governors House & Senate DocumentsRepeated Annually House Document 1 Budget Bill
Senate Document 1 State of the CommonwealthSpeech
Senate Document 2 List of Pardons, Commutations,Reprieves and Other Forms of Clemency
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General Executive Branch Portal
http://portal.virginia.gov/
Link: Government/Executive
http://portal.virginia.gov/http://portal.virginia.gov/7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Agency Orders and Decisions
State Corporation Commission (www.scc.virginia.gov)
Print: 1921-2009
Web: April 2002-
Web Quick Links: Obtain Case Information
Docket Search
Bureau of Insurance Division of the SCC Administrative Letters & Orders
Print: 1977-current KFV2585 .V57
Web: 1977-current at http://www.scc.virginia.gov/boi/laws.aspx
http://www.scc.virginia.gov/http://www.scc.virginia.gov/boi/laws.aspxhttp://www.scc.virginia.gov/boi/laws.aspxhttp://www.scc.virginia.gov/7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Agency Orders and Decisions
Workers Compensation Commission (formerly IndustrialCommission) (www.vwc.state.va.us)
Print: 1919-2000
Web: 1995-
Search VWC Judicial Opinions
Also available in Virginia Lawyers Weekly
Department of Taxation (www.tax.virginia.gov)
Print: 1972
Web: 1981-) (Laws, Rules & Decisions) Legislative Summaries (intent)
Rulings of the Tax Commissioner
Tax Bulletins
Attorney General Opinions
Guidance Documents
CCH Virginia Tax Reporter
http://www.vwc.state.va.us/http://www.tax.virginia.gov/http://www.tax.virginia.gov/http://www.vwc.state.va.us/7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Agency decisions, cont.
Virginia State Bar (www.vsb.org)
Rules of Professional Conduct proposed and final changes
published in the Virginia Lawyer Register
Law Libraries column in Virginia Lawyerregularly includes
informative articles on research topics, including administrative law
http://www.vsb.org/http://www.vsb.org/7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Agency decisions, cont.
Opinions of the Attorney General (www.oag.state.va.us)
Print: 1935- (KFV2840 .A553)
Web: 1996-
Opinions and Legal Resources
Lexis: 1958- Westlaw: 1976-
http://www.oag.state.va.us/http://www.oag.state.va.us/7/28/2019 Administrative Sources
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Secondary Sources Virginia CLEs
Virginia Lawyer(4th ed.)(Virginia CLE) (KFV2477 .V472011) (Ch. 15 on Administrative Law)
Corporations and Partnerships in Virginia (Virginia
CLE) (KFV 2613 .C67 2009 (Reserve)) Includes chapters by practitioners on:
Tax Aspects
Securities Regulation
D&O Liability
Mergers Dissolution and liquidation
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Other Secondary Sources
Wests Virginia Practice Series, e.g., VirginiaBusiness Entities (KFV 2610 .W33 (Reserve))
Lexis Laws of Virginia Related to the State
Corporation Commission, Corporations, LimitedLiability Companies, Partnerships & Limited
Partnerships (KFV 2613 .A3)
Goolsby on Virginia Corporations (4th ed. 2011)
(KFV 2613 .G67 2011 (Reserve))