Post on 18-Dec-2015
transcript
Adoption and Sustained Use of the Arborloo in Rural Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Dionna Fry1, Bekele Abaire2, Yeshewahareg Feyisa2, Dejene Mideksa2, Katherine Cunliffe2, Argaw Ambelu3, Matthew Freeman1
1Emory Rollins School of Public Health; Department of Environmental Health & Hubert Department of Global Health, 2 Catholic Relief Services; 3 Jimma University
Katherine Cunliffe, MPHRegional Technical Advisor for Water, Sanitation & HygieneCatholic Relief Services
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Background
• In rural Ethiopia, just 23% of the population has access to improved sanitation (JMP 2014)
• Ethiopia’s per capita income of $470 per annum is substantially lower than the regional average (World Bank 2014)
Simple, low-cost sanitation solutions that are easy to use and maintain are needed.
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CRS’ Arborloo promotion in Ethiopia
• Began promoting the Arborloo in 2004
• Arborloo was chosen because it is an affordable and easy to construct option for rural households
• CRS has helped households construct more than 80,000 Arborloos in rural Ethiopia
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Research Aims
Primary aim: Evaluate the reach and sustainability of Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Ethiopia’s Arborloo sanitation intervention program 10 years after it began
Secondary aims:
• Examine why people continued using the Arborloo over time
• Examine if there were differences in the populations that adopted and sustained Arborloo use as compared to the general population
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Methods
Data Collection• Conducted a cross-sectional survey of 690 adults
in 20 villages in Oromia region• Random selection of villages and
households
• Interviewed 24 key informants
• Conducted 33 in-depth interviews
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Results
Among 462 households that had an arborloo in the last 10 years, 76.2% sustained arborloo use
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Qualitative Results - Pros
• Most important benefit is the ability to plant on the filled pit
• Safer than the traditional latrine, especially for children, since it is shallow
• Easier and cheaper to construct than a traditional latrine
• Fewer flies and smells than other latrines
Papaya tree planted on a Arborloo pit
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Qualitative Results - Cons
• Not receiving a seedling or having a seedling die prompted a switch to a traditional latrine
• No reason other than the pit filling up for stopping Arborloo use and returning to open defecation
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Limitations
• Responses to a households’ present and past latrine types was used to establish sustained arborloo use which may be subject to bias.
• Since this is a cross-sectional study, no causal relationship can be established
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Conclusions
• There was strong evidence that arborloo usage was sustained in intervention communities even after many years
• Factors such as pit usage and concrete slab availability were found to be strongly associated with arborloo sustainability
• No clear relationship between household wealth and arborloo uptake or continued use was observed
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Recommendations
• Improve access to arborloo materials via sanitation marking
• Understand why Islamic households are not using the arborloo for planting and adjust program messages accordingly