Post on 08-Jan-2017
transcript
ADS-B: A Pilots Guide Understanding the system and the avionics
John Zimmerman Sportys Pilot Shop
John Zimmerman
Active GA Pilot
Comm/Multi/Inst/Heli
Vice President Sportys Pilot Shop
Publisher iPad Pilot News
ADS-B: A Pilots Guide
iPadPilotNews.com
Additional resourcesSit back, relax and learn!
How-to articles
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iPad Tips & News
Biweekly Newsletter
What is ADS-B? Key terms How does it work? Panel-mount avionics Portable receivers Tips and advice
presentation overviewADS-B: A Pilots Guide
Poll #1 Do you use ADS-B today?
ADS-B System Overview
Big Picture Key ADS-B Takeaways
You are required to have an ADS-B out transponder to fly in airspace that currently requires Mode C transponder by 2020
The ADS-B network broadcasts free datalink weather and traffic
This ADS-B In equipment is optional.
123
Big Picture Key ADS-B Takeaways
The ground station network is complete (650 stations) 4
Quick History Where did ADS-B come from?
Capstone Program launched in Alaska in the late 1990s
Can we use new technology to improve safety? - Accurate position with GPS/WAAS - Transmit to ground and airplanes - Ground station network - New aircraft transponders - Datalink weather Answer: yes
Where are we now?Quick History
Current system built on success of Capstone program
Final ADS-B Out rules finalized in 2011 nothing is changing now
Ground station network is complete Lots of options for hardware
Pretty mature system now.
What does it all mean?Key Terms
NextGen ADS-B
- ADS-B Out and ADS-B In ADS-B transponder options
-1090ES and 978 (UAT) ADS-B datalink terms
- FIS-B and TIS-B
NextGen: Next Generation Air Transportation SystemKey Terms
Transforms Americas air traffic control system from an aging, ground-based system to a satellite-based system
The goals of NextGen are to: - Shorten routes - Save time and fuel - Reduce traffic delays - Increase capacity - Increase safety - World peace, free beer
NextGen: Next Generation Air Transportation SystemKey Terms
NextGen
ADS-B
NextGen has 5 major elements only one of them is ADS-B
ADS-BKey Terms Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast
- Automatic: it works in the background - Dependent: depends on other aircraft being equipped - Surveillance: its a technology to track aircraft - Broadcast: each aircraft broadcasts its position and velocity
ADS-B In and OutKey Terms
NextGen
ADS-B
ADS-B Out ADS-B In
ADS-B In and OutKey Terms
ADS-B Out: a surveillance technology for tracking aircraft - Aircraft report position, velocity and altitude once per second - Aircraft will be required to equip with ADS-B Out by the start of
2020 if operating in class A, B, C airspace and above 10,000 ft.
ADS-B In and OutKey Terms
ADS-B In: an aircrafts ability to receive transmissions from ground stations and other aircraft - Allows pilots to receive weather and traffic - ADS-B In equipage is optional
978 vs. 1090Key Terms
NextGen
ADS-B ADS-B Out ADS-B In 978 1090 978 1090
978 vs. 1090Key Terms
ADS-B in the US supports two different datalinks: - 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (ES) - 978 MHz Universal Access Transceiver (UAT)
Key Terms 1090ES ADS-B Out
- ES is based on 1090 MHz just like Mode A/Cs transponders - Mode S transponders can be upgraded to ES transponders by
adding a WAAS GPS and upgrading software (e.g. Garmin GTX330)
- ES is the only ADS-B transmitter accepted outside the US and above 18,000 ft.
Must be certified and installed
978 UATKey Terms
978 UAT ADS-B Out - Only allowed in the US, and only below 18,000 ft. - If you use 978 UAT you still need to have a Mode C transponder
Must be certified and installed
1090ESKey Terms
1090ES ADS-B In - Can detect other aircraft equipped with 1090ES transmitters - Receives other traffic from ground stations - Does NOT receive weather
Can be portable or installed
978 UATKey Terms
978 UAT ADS-B In - Can detect other aircraft with 978 MHz transmitters (air-to-air) - Receives information about other traffic from ground stations - 978 receivers are capable of receiving ADS-B weather
Can be installed or portable
NextGen, ADS-B, In/Out, 978/1090Key Terms
Confused yet?
NextGen, ADS-B, In/Out, 978/1090Key Terms
1090ES (Out) - Above 18,000 ft. US and Intl
- Transponder replacement
1090ES (In) - Traffic only
- No weather
978 (Out) - Below 18,000 ft. in US only
- Remote mount
978 (In) - Traffic
- Weather
FIS-BKey Terms
Flight Information Services Broadcast Text weather (METARs, TAFs, PIREPs) Graphical weather (radar) Airspace status (TFRs, NOTAMs) Constantly broadcast
TIS-BKey Terms
Traffic Information Services Broadcast - A custom traffic report sent only to aircraft equipped with ADS-B Out - Not the same as Mode S or TIS traffic
ADS-B Out
5 things to know before you upgradeADS-B Facts
1. ADS-B Out will be required in most airspace where a Mode C transponder is today.
2. A WAAS GPS must be included in your install.
3. ADS-B Out transponder must be permanently mounted.
4. ADS-B In equipage is optional. 5. You still need your Mode C transponder if you
use 978 ADS-B Out.
Where do you need it?ADS-B Facts
1. Class A airspace (above 18,000 ft) must be 1090
2. Class C and B airspace (and above them)
3. Inside the Class B Mode C veil (within 30 miles up to 10,000 ft.)
4. Above 10,000 ft. in the lower 48
What about experimental aircraft?ADS-B Facts 1. FAA: Non-TSO ADS-B Out avionics
may be installed on amateur-built and light sport aircraft with experimental airworthiness certificates.
2. S-LSA upgrades must be approved by the manufacturer. Harder to do.
3. Glass cockpits are in the same situation part of the TC so its not automatic.
Pay attention
What about portables for ADS-B Out?ADS-B Facts
Technically feasible, but dont count on it. Would be like an IFR approach-approved
portable GPS doesnt exist. FAA: Portable ADS-B Out systems, also known as suitcase
units, should not be operated (transmitting) aboard any aircraft. While marketing associated with these units may imply approval for use by way of an FCC license, the FAA prohibits their use.
http://1.usa.gov/1E0vadh
Questions to considerADS-B Facts
Lots of options: In, Out, In and Out; 1090 ES vs. 978 UAT
1090 vs. 978 Do you ever fly above 18,000 ft.
or outside US? Need 1090. Age of current transponder: 978
relies on your old transponder 978 usually more expensive to
install than 1090 (additional structure, control head, etc)
UAT or Extended Squitter (ES)?ADS-B Out Trends
1090 ES
978 UAT
FAA Equipage Statistics as of 3/1/2016Category Equipped Aircraft
1090 ES 14,504 72%978 UAT 5,055 25%Both 694 3%
US General Aviation 17,508US Air Carrier 499US Military and Special Use 72
International General Aviation 1,915International Air Carrier 261
Why are 1090 ES Installs Trending Almost 3X 978 UAT?ADS-B Out Trends
UAT leaves old tube-based transponder in the aircraft
1090 ES gives your instrument panel a visible upgrade Time required to install a panel avionic in a piston single can be
up to the time to install a remote box
Questions to considerADS-B Facts
Out vs. In and Out Do you already have ADS-B In
(portable)? Might only need to buy Out for the panel.
Do you have XM weather in the panel already?
Whats your budget (Out and In is more expensive)
Questions to considerADS-B Facts
Most important question: What is the total installed cost of my solution?
New installation policyADS-B Facts
Now easier to install ADS-B Out avionics on airplanes that are not listed on manufacturers STC
After initial approval, ADS-B OUT systems that have previously received FAA approval and meet all of the following conditions may be installed and returned to service on other aircraft without further data approval.
Questions to considerADS-B Facts
Lots of installation errors Look in ForeFlight with ownship Send email to FAA:
9-AWA-AFS-300-ADSB-AvionicsCheck@faa.gov
N536SPICAO: Last Flight Id:A6C855 (51544125) N536SPTail Number:Period:
ADS-B Aircraft Operation Compliance Report
Operation Analysis Overview
Surface UATAirborne UAT
Surface 1090Airborne 1090
Prepared By
Surveillance and Broadcast Services (SBS) ProgramADS-B Compliance Monitor
January 05, 2016
01-04-2016 19:24:12 to 01-04-2016 20:20:02
U.S. Department of TransportationFederal Aviation Administration
ADS-B Compliance Monitor
Analysis
Surface RWY/Taxi 1090
Surface RWY/Taxi UAT
Note: Items high-lighted in red within this report indicate the ADS-B Out system installed on this aircraft failed to meet the corresponding performance requirement as specified in 91.227. The owner/operator must take action to correct the ADS-B system deficiency identified.
For more information on this report, reference the User's Guide.
Garmin GTX 335/345ADS-B Facts
1090ES Out transponder Panel or remote-mounted WAAS GPS option for both models GTX 345 model adds ADS-B In and has an
integrated FlightStream to send weather to an iPad
Price range with built in WAAS GPS $3,795 to $5,795
Without GPS prices start at $2,995
Garmin GTX 345ADS-B Facts
Bluetooth
L-3 LynxADS-B Facts
Big family of ADS-B Out avionics: 1090 Out and In with GPS 1090 models include screen
Slightly taller than standard transponder
Price range from $5,490 to $8,615
Appareo Stratus ESGADS-B Facts
All-in-one box: 1090ES ADS-B Out and WAAS GPS built-in
Integrates with Stratus 2/2S for enhanced ADS-B In
$2,995 includes GPS antenna Certified and shipping now
Garmin GDL 88ADS-B Facts
978 (UAT) with lots of options: Out/In/Both With or without GPS With or without dual antennas
Works with GTN and GNS series Integration with new Connext system Remote mounted Ranges from $3,995 to $5,700
FreeFlight RANGR LiteADS-B Facts
Lots of options. Most popular are: FDL-978-TXL Out only, with GPS FDL-978-XVRL In/Out, with GPS
Remote mounted 978 UATs Requires separate control head $1,995 and $3,695
L-3 LynxADS-B Facts
Big family of ADS-B Out avionics: 978 Out with GPS 978 Out and In with GPS
Some require separate control head Range from around $2,189 to $3,389
The FAA is offering a $500 incentiveADS-B Out Rebate Install a certified (TSOd) ADS-B out
transponder in a single-engine piston airplane and receive a $500 rebate from the FAA
FINE PRINT: - Installation must occur starting in the fall - Rebates issued first-come/first-served - Not applicable to existing installations - Reserve the rebate in the fall, install the
transponder, fly with the system within 60 days of install, request Public Compliance Report from FAA, claim rebate.
ADS-B In
ADS-B TrafficADS-B In how does it work?
Weather is broadcast continuously AM radio Traffic is different. Ground stations only broadcast in response
to ADS-B Out aircraft text messaging - FAA sends a customized traffic product
to each Out aircraft - 30nm in diameter around the Out aircraft
and within +/-3500 ft. - If youre close to an ADS-B Out aircraft (in the hockey puck)
you could see traffic. But its for the other aircraft. - Since many airplanes do not have ADS-B Out yet, this is rare.
ADS-B TrafficADS-B In how does it work?
Except you will always receive air-to-air traffic - Doesnt depend on ground stations - Single band receives only 978 air-to-air; dual band receives both
ADS-B TrafficADS-B In how does it work?
ADS-B TrafficADS-B In how does it work?
ADS-B TrafficADS-B In how does it work?
ADS-B TrafficADS-B In how does it work?
Key takeaway: Unless you are squawking ADS-B Out and creating your own
customized hockey puck of information, you are not getting an accurate picture of surrounding traffic.
ADS-B TrafficADS-B In how does it work?
ADS-B weather productsADS-B In how does it work?
Factoid: Four types of ADS-B ground
stations, arranged in this pattern.
Station Type Weather Products and Range
Surface
(Only at select airports)
500 NM winds and temperature aloft, 100 NM METAR, TAF, SIGMET, NOTAM, 150 NM Regional NEXRAD
Low altitude
(67% of airborne stations)
500 NM winds and temperature aloft250 NM METARs, TAFs, AIRMET, SIGMET, PIREP, SUA150 NM regional NEXRAD100 NM NOTAM (no CONUS NEXRAD)
Medium altitude
(22% of airborne stations)
Entire CONUS NEXRAD,750 NM winds and temperatures aloft,375 NM METARs, TAFs, AIRMET, SIGMET, PIREP, SUA, 200 NM regional NEXRAD100 NM NOTAM
High altitude
(11% of airborne stations)
Entire CONUS NEXRAD,1000 NM winds and temperature aloft,all 158 CONUS Class B/C airport METAR/TAF500 NM AIRMET, SIGMET, PIREP, SUA250 NM regional NEXRAD100 NM NOTAM
ADS-B weather timingADS-B In how does it work?
Product Range * Transmission Interval
CONUS NEXRAD composite reflectivity (low resolution)
Contiguous US 15 minutes
Regional NEXRAD composite reflectivity (medium resolution)
150 to 250 nm 2.5 minutes (5 minute update)
AIRMETs / SIGMETs 100 to 500 nm 5 minutesMETARs 100 to 500 nm, all class B and C
airports5 minutes
NOTAM(D), FDC NOTAM, TFRs
100 nm 5 minutes
PIREPS 250 to 500 nm 10 minutesSpecial use airspace 500 nm 10 minutesTAFs 100 to 500 nm, all class B and C
airports10 minutes
Winds and Temps aloft 500 to 1000 nm 10 minutes
Sportys.com/Stratus
ADS-B vs. XM WeatherADS-B In how does it work?
Data ADS-B XM
METARS Small airports within 250 500 nm and all class B and C airports
Nationwide
TAFS Within 250-500 nm NationwideWinds / Temps Aloft Within 500-1,000 nm NationwidePIREPS Within 250-500 nm NationwideRadar Low-resolution CONUS (lower 48)
Medium-resolution regional within 250 nmHigh-resolution nationwide
AIRMETS / SIGMETS Within 250-500 nm NationwideCoverage US, Puerto Rico, and Guam US and CanadaCloud satellite image None YesNOTAMs Within 100 nm NoneTFRs Within 100 nm NationwideSpecial use airspace status
Within 250-500 nm None
Cost Free (your tax dollars at work) $35-$55 monthly subscription fee
ADS-B vs. XM WeatherADS-B In how does it work?
XM ADS-B National ADS-B Regional
ADS-B National vs. Regional RadarADS-B In how does it work?
ADS-B coverageADS-B In how does it work?
FAA estimate at 1,500 ft.
ADS-B coverageADS-B In how does it work?
FAA estimate at 5,000 ft.
Portable ADS-B Receivers
PortablesADS-B In Action
Many of the benefits of installed ADS-B, for less money iPad has been the game changer Great for renters, clubs Portable devices are ADS-B In only Lots of options to choose from
Poll #2 What iPad app are you flying with?
SkyRadar D and DX ADS-B weather and GPS Dual band traffic Optional AHRS WiFi connection Works with WingX, Avilution, iFly Requires external power $699 or $849 (with AHRS)
iLevil SW and AW
ADS-B weather and GPS Single-band traffic Built-in AHRS Works with WingX, FlyQ, Xavion Internal battery and solar panel (SW) $1195 for SW $1395 for AW (adds pitot/static)
Dual XGPS190
ADS-B weather and GPS Dual-band traffic AHRS for backup attitude Built-in battery Works with WingX Pro7, FlyQ, FltPlan $849.99
Garmin GDL 39 and GDL 39 3D ADS-B weather and GPS Dual band traffic Optional AHRS model Optional battery Works with Garmin Pilot app Also works with Garmin GPSs $549 to $899 (AHRS with battery)
Appareo Stratus 1S and 2S ADS-B weather and GPS Single or dual band traffic models Optional AHRS model Built-in 8-hour battery No wires or antennas (WiFi) Works with ForeFlight app $549 or $899 (dual band + AHRS)
Stratux Do it yourself kit ADS-B weather and GPS Single or dual band No AHRS No battery WiFi connection Works with most apps Roughly $150 cost
Choosing a Receiver
ForeFlight Mobile Stratus 1S or Stratus 2S Garmin Pilot Garmin GDL 39 or GDL 39 3D WingX Pro 7 SkyRadar, Dual XGPS190, iLevil FltPlan Go Dual XGPS190, iLevil
First choose an app
Choosing a Receiver
ADS-B reception is comparable among all (good enough). Consider battery life if you dont want to plug in, its nice to
have; if youre going to hardwire its not important. Decide if traffic is an important factor if its low priority or
youre ADS-B Out, single band is fine.
Buying tips
Choosing a Receiver
Do you fly IFR? If yes, the AHRS is a nice backup; if not you can save some money.
Consider the hardware/app integration how do features work, how do you complete firmware upgrades?
All receivers include a GPS, so you dont need a separate one.
Buying tips
ADS-B In Action
Turn on weather with map layersForeFlight and Stratus
Use different chart layersForeFlight and Stratus
METARs and TAFsForeFlight and Stratus
METARs and TAFsForeFlight and Stratus
TFRsForeFlight and Stratus
AIRMETs and SIGMETsForeFlight and Stratus
Pilot ReportsForeFlight and Stratus
Winds AloftForeFlight and Stratus
NOTAMsForeFlight and Stratus
Traffic tap for more infoForeFlight and Stratus
Also includes GPSForeFlight and Stratus
AHRS split screen attitudeForeFlight and Stratus
AHRS synthetic visionForeFlight and Stratus
Tips for Flying with ADS-B
Tips and Tricks
Take some time to find the right spot in your airplane Line of sight for ADS-B (ground based) View of the sky for GPS (satellite based) Keep it steady for AHRS (if applicable) Direct sunlight?
Location, location, location!
Tips and Tricks
Use external antennas if needed Heated windshields can have an effect
experiment (DV window, suction cup) Dont worry about low vs. high towers
practically speaking, youll get lots
Reception issues
Tips and Tricks
Make it a habit to check ADS-B status Battery life Age of weather products GPS reception LED dimming
Checking status
Tips and Tricks Checking status with ADS-B Out
Tips and Tricks Show ADS-B ground stations
Tips and Tricks Connect to multiple devices
Tips and Tricks Measure tool
Tips and Tricks Rubber band flight planning
Tips and Tricks Remember the delay
Tips and Tricks Use your eyeballs!!!
ADS-B: A Pilots Guide
John Zimmerman Sportys Pilot Shop