Post on 12-Jan-2016
transcript
Adulthood: Psychosocial Development
How will marriage, divorce, children and coping with your parents affect you?
Continuity and ChangeWhat changes? What stays the same?
What is happening in the major theories?
•Erikson’s Stages▫Intimacy vs. Isolation▫Generativity vs. stagnation
•Maslow’s stages▫5. Self-=actualization▫4. Success and esteem▫3. Love and belonging▫2. Safety▫1. Physiology
What is the midlife crisis?
•40’s - What have I accomplished?•Anxiety, self-reexamination,
transformation•Related more to developmental history
than age
Intimacy
How do we meet our need for intimacy?
•Met by: family, friends, coworkers, & romantic partners (the social convoy)
Do you remember?
•Which of Erikson’s stages is this person in?
•What are Maslow’s stages?•What can create a midlife crisis?
What happens to family bonds? Parent-Adult child relationships
•Improves with age (Generations become closer)
•May deteriorate if they live together•Familism
▫Belief that family members should support each other
Family bonds:Will you find a committed partner?
Does marriage produce happiness?
•Married people (In satisfying marriages)▫Happier, Healthier, Richer
•Learning to understand and forgive each other promotes happiness
•Cohabitation before marriage▫Decreases happiness
•Domestic violence is most likely to occur early in a relationship
Do children produce happiness?•Children and happiness (“U” shaped
curve)▫Happiness is highest before children▫Decreases with birth of first child
& additional children▫Decreases again when children reach
puberty Teenage years
▫Happiness improves after child raising years when children become more independent (Empty nest)
Empty nest: What happens when the children leave home?
•Improves relationships▫Parents are alone
again▫More money
available•Longtime partners
▫Stay together because of love & trust
Do you remember?
•What happens to parent – child relationships as the children mature?▫What can cause this relationship to
deteriorate?•What promotes happiness in good
marriages?•When is domestic violence most likely to
occur?•How does a couple’s happiness change
after the children leave home? Why?
What is the effect of separation and divorce?
•Almost 1 out of 2 marriages ends in divorce in the U.S.▫About 1/3 of all first marriages end in
divorce▫Remarried people have a greater chance of
divorce than first marriages•Very distressed marriages = happier after
divorce
What are the consequences of divorce?
•Can last for decades•Divorce reduces income, severs
friendships, and weakens family ties•Income, family welfare, and self-esteem =
lower among formerly married than still married or never married
Generativity: How can you deal with this stage?
•Erikson’s “Generativity vs. Stagnation▫Satisfied by
Creativity
Caregiving
Employment
How do you care for children? • Your biological children
▫Parent must change to adopt to developmental stages of child.
• Non-biological Children▫Children without emotional attachment become
mistrustful and fearful of becoming too dependent• Stepfamilies
▫Patient, authoritative parenting is needed• Adoption
▫Biological parents usually absent▫Desperately want a child
How do you care for your aging parents?
•Sandwich generation▫Sandwiched between their
children and their parents•Often only one child bears
the burden of caregiving▫Creates resentment
EmploymentWhat work do you want?
Employment = generativity
•Unemployed = higher rates of child abuse, alcoholism, depression & other problems.
•Happiness is not necessarily related to income
•For work to meet generativity needs, it must:▫Use personal skills▫Be creative▫Advise coworkers as a friend or mentor
Why do people work?
•Extrinsic rewards (Outside - External)▫Salary▫Health insurance▫Pension
•Intrinsic rewards (Inside – internal)▫Intangible rewards▫Job satisfaction▫Self-esteem▫Pride in contributing▫Feeling needed Apple Computer
Can you combine intimacy and generativity?
•Job satisfaction depends on▫The job▫Home situation▫Ability to balance
home and work
Do you remember?
•Do second marriages have a greater chance of success than first marriages?
•Do formerly married persons have higher income and self-esteem than currently married or never married?
•What is the sandwich generation?•What is the difference between extrinsic
and intrinsic rewards?▫Give an example of each