Post on 06-Apr-2018
transcript
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Introduction to some
advanced electronic
components
Physical Computing 2009
By Farshid Jafari Harandi
Todays topics
More on sensors as input
More on actuators as output
More info on Transistors,
Relays, LEDs
Pictures from:
http://www.robotroom.com/Pumpkin3.html
http://www.parallax.com/
http://www.psartus.com/products/actuators.htm
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Sensors as input
New sensors bring opportunities todevelop initiative products/prototypes.
iPhone games with accelerometershttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_brEsQlJlnE
Gyromousehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tj2vxWkHW1Q
How sensors work
Sensors measure real world factors and translatethem into corresponding electric signals.
Outputs such as
Analog voltage
Current
PWM output
Serial interfaces
Inputs such as
Temperature
Acceleration
Magnetic field
Translate
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How to read sensors?
Analog voltage / current:
Analog voltage (0 to 5v) canbe read by Arduinos analoginput
Current can be converted toanalog voltage
Picture from:
http://archives.sensorsmag.com/articles/0900/17/main.shtml
How to read sensors?
PWM:
Varying duty cycle
Read by Pulsein(); command
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How to read sensors?
Serial interfaces:
Transfer data using less number of wires
Ready-made and built in codes to read them:
I2C/Two wire UART (Soft /Hardware)
1 Wire
SPI
CAN
Sensors
Microphone
Realtime Audio Processing
Loopback Phasor
Reverb
Picture and reference:
http://interface.khm.de/index.php/lab/experiments/arduino-realtime-audio-processing/
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Sensors
Distance measurement
Ultrasonic (Parallax Ping, 2cm-
3m, Serial interface)
IR distance meters (Sharp
GP2D12, 10-80cm, Analog)
3D Laser Scanners (Hokuyo URL-
04X, 240 2cm-5.6m,Uart)
Pictures from:
http://www.wanyrobotics.com/
http://www.trossenrobotics.com/
http://www.parallax.com/
Sensors
Presence detectors Passive infrared sensor (Human, 7m,
Digital)
Reed switch (Magnetic, 5mm, Digital)
IR proximity sensor (IR, 2-10cm, Digital)
Pictures from:
http://www.parallax.com/
http://www.dextermag.cn/
http://www.pololu.com/
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Sensors
Position sensor GPS
LS20031
Open space
5Hz
UART
Absolute position
Picture from:
http://www.sparkfun.com/
Sensors
Compass sensor
Digital Magnetic compass
CMPS03
Uses the Earth magnetic field
Outputs timing pulse and I2C
Picture from:
http://www.robot-electronics.co.uk/acatalog/Whoops.html
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Sensors
Tilt sensor
Mechanical tilt switch
Two contacts and a
metal ball inside
Acts like a switch
Picture from:
http://www.coolcomponents.co.uk/
Sensors
Pitch/yaw/roll sensor
3 Axis Accelerometer
MMA7260QT
1.5/2/4/6 g
Angle in steady state
3 Analog outputs
Pictures from:
http://www.pololu.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/
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Sensors
Gyroscopic effect sensor
1-Axis Gyroscope
LISY300AL
300/s
Rate of rotation around a particular axis
Outputs analog voltage
Pictures from:
http://www.pololu.com/
More on Gyros and Accelerometers:
http://diydrones.com/profiles/blog/show?id=705844:BlogPost:41145&page=1#comment-705844_Comment_41399
Sensors
Temperature
Temperature meter
LM35
40C to +110C
10 mV/Deg C
Outputs analog voltage
Picture from:
http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/
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Sensors
Temperature
Resistance temperature detector, a
variable resistor
Thermocouple, millivolt level voltage
Thermistor, a variable resistor
More sensors
Flow meters
Smoke/gas detectors
Optical interrupters
Vision/camera
Weight
And even more
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Concerns with sensors
Calibration/ offset
Noise
Drift
Resolution
Hysteresis
Non-linearity
Actuators
Brushed/brushless/servo/stepper DC motors
Single/three phase AC motors
Linear motors
Hydraulics
Pneumatics
Solenoids or magnetic actuators (attraction/repulsion)
etc.
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Concerns with actuators
Providing high amounts of current
Taking care of back-EMF
Timing
And more
Back EMF
With inductive loads:
Place a fast recovery diode in
reverse bias across the load
Examples of inductive loads:
Motors
Relays
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Current amplification
Relays
Transistors: BJT or
MOSFET
Drivers
Pictures from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-bridge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor
Current amplification guide
Load draws more than
40mA?
Current amplification
is needed
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Current amplification guide
Loads with less than 200mA
Use transistors such as:
2N2222
BC547
For resistive loads
diode can be omitted
Current amplification guide
Loads with less than 500mA
Use ICs such as:
ULN2003 ULN2803
Internal protection
diodes
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Current amplification guide
Loads with more than 500mA
Use transistors such as:
BD167 up to 1.5A
2N3055 up to 15A(needs a different resistor)
IRF540 up to 33A(requires V+ to be more than 12V)
IPS series
Current amplification guide
Loads with more than 500mA
Use relays
Note that some
relays draw
more than 40mA!
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LED/resistor matching
How to calculate the proper resistor for a
Single LED
Number of LEDs
In series
In parallel
Tips
Loose connections, use soldering!
Use multimeter to check continuity
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Sources
Sensors :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sensors
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensors
Actuators :
http://www.eod.gvsu.edu/eod/mechtron/mechtro
n-145.html Modern Control Technology - Components and
Systems, 2nd edition, Christopher T. Kilian,ISBN : 1401858066
Questions ?
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THE END