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......................................................................1..
.V...e..h..i.c..l.e..
.s..t.ructure..............................................1....1..
.I.n..t.e..g..r.a..l. .b..o..d..y.. .c..o..n..struction1.2..
.E..n..g..i.n..e..,. .t.r.a..n..s..m...i.s.s..i.o..n.. .a..n..d..
.b..o..d..y.. .s..tructures.................................1...3..
.F..i.f.t.h.. .w..h..e..e..l. .c..o..u..p..l.in..g..
.a..ssembly......1....4.. .T..r..a..il.e..r. .a..n..d..
.c..a..r.a..v..a..n.. .d..r.a..w...b..a..r.
.c..ouplings..................................................1....5..
.S...e..m...i-..t.r.a..i.le..r.. .la..n..d..ing
gear...........1...6.. .A..u..t.o..m...a..t.i.c..
.c.h..a..s..s..i.s.. .lu..b..r..ic..a..t.i.o..n.
system...............................................................................2..
.F..r.i.c..t.i.o...n.
clutch...............................................................2....1..
.C..l.u..t.c..h.. .f.u..n..d..a.mentals2.2 Angular driven plate
cush.i.o..n..i.n..g.. .a..n..d.. .t.o..r.s..i.o..n..a..l.
.damping......................................................2....3..
.C...lu..t.c..h.. .f.r.i.c..t.i.o..n.. .m. aterials2.4
C.l.u..t.c..h.. .d..r.i.v.e.. .a..n..d.. .d..r..iv..e..n..
.m...e..m...b..e..r.
.i.n..spection................................................................2....5..
.C...l.u..t.c.h..
.m...i.s..a..lignment............................................2....6..
.P...u..ll. .t.y..p..e.. .d..i.a..p..h..r.a..g..m
clutch.........................2....7.. .M...u..l.t.i.p..la..t.e..
.d..i.a..p..h..r.a..g..m... .t.y..p. e
clutch................2....8.. .L..i.p..e.. .r.o..l.l.w..a..y..
.t.w...in.. .d..r..iv..e..n.. .p..l.a..te clutch2.9 Spicer twin
driven pl.a..t.e.. .a..n..g..l.e.. .s..p..r.i.n..g.. .p..u..l.l
.t.y..p. e
clutch........................................................2....1..0..
.C...l.u..t.c.h.. .(..u..p..s.h..i.ft) brake2.11 Multiplate
hydraulically operated automatic tran.s..m...i.s..s.i.o..n..
.clutches......................................................2....1..2..
.S...e..m...ic..e..n..t.r.i.f.u..g..al
clutch....................2....1..3.. .F..u..l.l.y..
.a..u..t.o..m...a..t.i.c. .c..e..n..t.r.i.f.u..g..al
clutch...........2...1..4.. .C..l.u..t.c..h.. .p..e..d..a..l.
.a..c.t.u..a..t.i.n..g.. .m...e..c..hanisms2.15 Composite flywheel
and integral single pla..t.e.. .d..i.a..p..h..r.a..g..m
clutch............3.. .M...a..n...u..a..l.
.g..e..a..r.b...o..x..e..s.. .a..n..d..
.o..v..e..rdrives........................................3....1..
.T..h..e.. .n..e..c..e..s..s..it.y.. .f.o..r. .a.. .gearbox3.2 Five
speed an.d.. .r.e..v..e..r.s..e..
.s..y..n..c..h..r.o..m...e..s..h.. .g..e.arboxes....3...3..
.G...e..a..r. .s..y..n..c..h..r.o..n..i.z..a..t.io..n.. .a..n..d..
.e..n..g..a. gement3.4 Remote controlled gea.r.
.s..e..l.e..c..t.i.o..n.. .a..n..d.. .e..n..g..a..g..ement
m..........3...5.. .S...p..l.it.t.e..r.. .a..n..d.. .r.a..n..g..e..
.c..h..a..n..g..e..
.g..e.arboxes........................................3...6..
.T...r.a..n..s..f.e..r. .b..o..x.. .p..o..w..e..r.
take-off.................................................3...7..
.O..v..e..r.d..r..iv..e..
.c..o..n..s..i.d.erations......................................................................3...8..
.S...e..t.t.i.n..g.. .g..e.ar ratios4 Hydrokinetic fluid
coupling...s.. .a..n..d.. .t.o..r..q..u..e..
.c..o..n..verters.........................................4....1..
.H..y..d..r.o..k..i.n..e..t.i.c.. .f.lu..i.d.. .c..ouplings
- 32. 4.2 Hydrokinetic fluid coupling eff.i.c..ie..n..c..y..
.a..n..d.. .t.o..r.q..u..e..
.capacity.............................................................4....3..
.F..l.u..i.d.. .f.r.i.c.t.i.o..n.. .coupling4.4
Hyd.r.o..k..i.n..e..t.ic.. .t.h..r.e..e.. .e..l.e..m...e..n..t.
.t.o..r.q..u..e.. .c..onverter4.5 T.o..r.q..u..e..
.c..o..n..v.e..r..t.e..r. .p..e..r.f.o..r.m...a..n..c..e..
.t.e..r.m.
inology..........................................................................4....6..
.O...v..e..r.r.u..n.. .clutches..................4....7..
.T..h..r.e..e.. .s..t.a..g..e.. .h..y..d..r.o..k..i.n..e..t.i.c.
.c..onverter4...8.. .P...o..l.y.p..h..a..s..e..
.h..y..d..r.o..k..i.n..e..t.i.c. .t.o..r..q..u..e.. .c.onverter4.9
Torque converter with lock-up and gear cha..n..g..e..
.f.r.i.c..t.io..n.. .clutches5 Se..m...i.-. .a..n...d..
.f.u..l.l.y.. .a..u..t..o..m...a..t.i.c.. .t.r..a..n..s..m.
ission.........5....1.. .A..u..t.o..m...a..t.i.c..
.t.r.a..n..s..m...i.s.s..i.o..n.. .c..o..n..s..ideration5.2 Four
speed and reverse longitudinally mounted automatic
transmission....................................................................m...e..c..h..a..n..i.c..a..l
.p..o..wer flow5.3 The fundam...e..n..t.a..l.s.. .o..f. .a..
.h..y..d..r.a..u..l.ic.. .c..o..n..t.r.o..l system5.4 Basic
principle of a .h..y..d..r.a..u..l.i.c..a..l.ly..
.c..o..n..t.r.o..l.l.e..d.. .gearshift5.5. .B...a..s.i.c..
.f.o..u..r. .s..p..e..e..d.. .h..y..d..r.a..u..l.i.c.
.c..o..n..t.r.o..l system5.6 Three speed and reverse transaxle
automatic transmission
mechanical..........................................................................................................p..o..wer
flow5.7 Hydra..u..l.i.c.. .g..e..a..r. .s..e..le..c..t.i.o..n..
.c..o..n..t.r.o..l. .c..o..m..ponents5.8. .H...y..d..r.a..u..l.i.c.
.g..e..a..r.. .s.e..l.e..c..t.i.o..n.. .c..o..n..t.r.o..l.
.o.peration5.9 The continuously variabl.e.. .b..e..l.t. .a..n..d..
.p..u..l.l.e..y. .t.r..a..n..smission5.10 Five speed automatic
transmission with electronic-h.y..d..r.a..u..l.i.c control5.11
Semi-automatic (manual gear change two pedal control)
transmission....................................................................................................................
system6 Transmission bearings and... .c..o..n..s..t.a..n..t..
.v..e..l.o..c..i.t.y
joints....................................................6....1..
.R...o..ll.i.n..g.. .c..o..n..t.a..c..t.
.bearings..............6....2.. .T..h..e.. .n..e..e..d.. .f.o..r.
.c..o..n..s..t.a..n..t. .v..e..l.o..c.ity
joints.............................................7..
.F..i.n..a..l. .d...r.i.v..e.. .t.r..a..n..s..m. ission7..1..
.C...r.o..w...n..w..h..e..e..l. .a..n..d.. .p..i.n..i.o..n..
.a..x.l.e..
.a..d..j.u.stments............................................................................7....2..
.D...if.f.e..r..e..n..tial
locks..............................................7....3..
.S...k.i.d.. .r.e..d..u..c..i.n..g..
.d..i.f.f.erentials.......................................................7....4..
.D..o..u..b..l.e.. .r.e..d..u..c..t.i.on
axles..........................................................................7...5..
.T...w..o.. .s..p..e..ed
axles.....................................7...6.. .T..h..e..
.t.h..i.r.d.. .(.c..e..n..t.r.a..l.).
.d..i.fferential.............................7....7.. .F..o..u..r.
.w...h..e..e..l. .d..r.i.v.e..
.a..r..r.a..n..gements........7....8..
.E...le..c..t.r.o..-..h..y.d..r..a..li.c.. .l.i.m...it.e..d..
.s..l.i.p.. .d..i.fferential
- 33. 7.9 Tyre grip when braking and accelerating with good and
poor
road.................................................................................................................surfaces..................................................7....1..0..
.T..r..a..c.t.i.o..n.. .c..o..n..t.r.o..l
system.............................................................................................................8
Tyres....8....1.. .T..r..a..c.t.i.v..e.. .a..n..d..
.b..r.a..k..i.n..g.. .p..r.o..p..e..r.t.i.e..s. of
tyres...................................................................................8...2..
.T..y..r.e.. .m.
aterials.........................................................................8...3..
.T..y.r..e.. .t.r.e..a..d
design.....................................8....4..
.C...o..r.n..e..r.i.n..g.. .p..r.o..p..e..r.t.i.e..s. of
tyres...8....5.. .V..e..h..i.c..l.e.. .s..t.e..a..d..y.
.s..t.a..t.e.. .d..i.r.e..c..t.i.o..n..a..l
stability............................................8...6..
.T...y.r..e.. .m...a..r.k..in..g..
.i.d..e..n..tification...........................................................................8....7..
.W...h..e..e..l.
.b..alancing...................................................................................................9..
.S..teering.........9...1.. .S..t.e..e..r.i.n..g..
.g..e..a..r.b..o..x.. .f.u..n..d..a..m...e..n..t.a. l
design..........9....2.. .T..h..e.. .n..e..e..d.. .f.o..r..
.p..o..w..e..r. .a..s..s..i.s..t.e..d.. steering........9....3..
.S...t.e..e..r.i.n..g.. .li.n..k..a..g..e.. .b..a..l.l. .a..n..d..
.s.o..c..k. et joints..9....4.. .S...t.e..e..r.i.n..g..
.g..e..o..m...e..t.r.y.. .a..n..d.. .w..h..e..e..l.
.a..lignment...................................9....5..
.V..a..r.i.a..b..l.e..-.r.a..t.i.o.. .r.a..c..k.. .a..n.d pinion9.6
Speed sensitive rack and pin.i.o..n.. .p..o..w..e..r.
.a..s..s..i.s..t.e..d.. steering9.7 Rack and pin..io..n..
.e..l.e..c..t.r.i.c.. .p..o..w..e..r.. .a..s.s..i.s..t.e..d..
steering...................................................................................1..0..
.S...u..s..p.ension.......................................................1..0...1..
.S..u..s..p..e..n..s..io..n..
.g..eometry..................................................1..0....2..
.S..u..s..p..e..n..s..i.o..n.. .r.o..l.l
centres..........................................1..0...3..
.B...o..d..y.. .r.o..l.l .s..t.a..b..i.l.i.t.y.
.analysis..............................1..0...4..
.A...n..t.i.-.r.o..l.l. .b..a..r.s.. .a..n..d.. .r.o..l.l
.stiffness..........1..0....5.. .r.u..b..b..e..r.. .s.p..r..in..g..
.b..u..m...p.. .o..r.. .li.m...i.t.i.ng
stops....................................................................................1..0....6..
.A..x..l.e.. location........................1..0...7..
.R...e..a..r. .s..u..s..p..e..n..s..io..n..
.a..r..r.a..n..gements...................1..0...8..
.S..u..s..p..e..n..s..io..n.. .d..e..s..i.g..n..
.c..o..n..s..ideration.......................................................1..0...9..
.H..y..d..r.o..g..e..n.. .s..u..s.pension10.10 Hydropneumatic
automatic heig.h..t. .c..o..r.r..e..c.t.i.o..n..
.s..u..s.pension10..1..1.. .C...o..m...m...e..r.c..i.a..l
.v..e..h..i.c..l.e.. .a..x.l.e.. .b..e..a..m... location10.12
Variable rate leaf suspension
springs..........................................................................................1..0....1..3..
.T..a..n..d..e..m... .a..n..d.. .t.r.i.-.a..x..l.e
bogies.....................................1..0....1..4..
.R..u..b..b..e..r.. .s.p..r..in..g.. .s..u..s.pension10.15..
.A..i.r. .s..u..s..p..e..n..s.i.o..n..s.. .f.o..r.
.c..o..m...m...e..r.c..i.a..l. vehicles
- 34. 1.0....1..6.. .L..i.f.t. .a..x..le.. .t.a..n..d..e..m...
.o..r.. .t.r.i.-.a..x..le..
.s..u..s.pension...............................................................1..0...1..7..
.A..c..t.i.v.e.. .s..u..s.pension10.18 Electronic controlled
pneumatic (air) suspension for on and of.f. .road
use.............................................................................1..1..
.B...r.a..k..e..
.system........................................................................................1..1....1..
.B...r.a.king fun...............1..1...2.. .B..r.a..k..e..
.s..h..o..e.. .a..n..d.. .p..a..d..
.f.u..n..d..a.mentals.......1..1....3.. .B..r.a..k..e..
.s..h..o..e.. .e..x..p..a..n..d..e..r.s.. .a..n..d..
.a.djusters....1..1....4.. .D...i.s.c.. .b..r.a..k..e.. .p..a..d..
.s..u..p..p..o..r.t.
.a..r.r..a..n..gements................1..1...5.. .D...u..a..l.-.
.o..r. .s..p..l.i.t.-.l.in..e.. .b..r..a..k.i.n..g..
.systems...............................................................1..1...6..
.A..p..p..o..r.t.i.o..n..a..l
braking........................1..1....7..
.A...n..t.il.o..c..k..i.n..g.. .b..r.a..k..e.. .s.y..s..t.e..m
(ABS)..................................................................................1..1...8..
.B...r.a..k..e servos11.9 Pneumatic operated disk bra..k..e..s.
.(..f.o..r. .t.r.u..c..k..s. .a..n..d.. trailers)12 Air operated
power brake equipment and .v..e..h..i.c..l.e..
.r.e..tarders............1..2....1..
.I.n..t.r.o..d..u..c..t.i.o..n..s.. .t.o.. .a..i.r.
.p..o..w..e..r..e..d brakes...............1..2....2.. .A..i.r.
.o..p..e..r.a..t.e..d.. .p..o..w...e..r. .b..r.a..k..e..
.systems........1..2....3.. .A...ir.. .o..p..e..r.a..t.e..d..
.p..o..w..e..r.. .b..r.a..k..e..
.e..q.uipment......................................................................1..2....4..
.V...e..h..i.c.l.e..
.r.etarders..................................1..2....5..
.E...le..c..t.r.o..n..i.c..-.p..n..e..u..m...a..t.i.c
brakes.......................................................1..3..
.V..e..h..i.c..l.e..
.r..e..f.r.i.g..eration...............................................................1..3....1..
.R...e..f.r.i.g..e..r.a..t.i.on terms13.2 Principles of a
vapour-compression cycle.. .r.e..f.r..ig..e..r..a..t.io..n.
system.................1..3....3..
.R..e..f.r..ig..e..r..a..t.io..n.. .s..y..s..t.e..m...
.c..o..m..ponents13.4 Vapour-compression cycle refrigeration system
with reverse
cycle.............................................................................................................d..efrosting.............................1..4..
.V..e..h...i.c..l.e.. .b..o..d..y..
.a..e..r..o..d..y..namics.............................1..4....1..
.V..i.s..c..o..u..s.. .a..ir.. .f.lo..w...
.f.u..n..d..a.mentals..................................................................1..4...2..
.A...e..r.o..d..y..n..a..mic
drag.........................................................................1..4....3..
.A..e..r..o..d..y.n. amic
lift...............................................1..4....4..
.C..a..r.. .b..o..d..y. .d..r..a..g..
.r.eduction..................................................1..4....5..
.A..e..r..o..d..y.n..a..m...i.c.. .l.i.ft
control.............................................................................1..4....6..
.A..f.t.e..r..b..ody drag14.7 Commercial .v..e..h..i.c..le..
.a..e..o..r..d..y.n..a..m...i.c.. .f.u..n..d..a.mentals14.8
Co.m...m...e..r..c.i.a..l. .v..e..h..i.c.l.e.. .d..r.a..g..
.r..e..d..u..c.i.n..g.. devices
- 35.
................................................................................................................
Index
- 36. 1
- 37. @
- 38. 1
- 39. 1
- 40. 1
- 41. 1
- 42. 1
- 43. 1
- 44. :
- 45. ; :
- 46. ;
- 47. : 66: A ;;
- 48. 9
- 49. 1
- 50. 6
- 51. : 62;
- 52. B
- 53. C62
- 54. ? 7 '
- 55. 4 #
- 56. D
- 57. =
- 58. 3 8 ,
- 59. 65
- 60. 6662
- 61. 6? '
- 62. 67
- 63. 64
- 64. : 62:? 4 3;;
- 65. @
- 66. D
- 67. 62
- 68. )
- 69. (
- 70. D
- 71. 9
- 72. ,
- 73. 1
- 74. :
- 75. ;
- 76. 9
- 77. ,
- 78. :
- 79. ;
- 80. : 62:2;;
- 81. 1
- 82. D
- 83. 9
- 84. : 62:7;;
- 85. 9
- 86. ), ,( :;
- 87. B
- 88. 1
- 89. ): 62:7;;
- 90. B
- 91. !: 62;
- 92. 19
- 93. #: 62:;;
- 94. %
- 95. D
- 96. 19
- 97. D
- 98. $: 6?;
- 99. 9
- 100. B
- 101. :
- 102. ;
- 103. 2
- 104. : ;
- 105. .
- 106. 1
- 107. ?
- 108. 7
- 109. D
- 110. : 6?:;;
- 111. %
- 112. 1
- 113. 1
- 114. .
- 115. 1
- 116. : 62:8;6?: ;;
- 117. 9
- 118. 1
- 119. : 62:8;;
- 120. %
- 121. 1
- 122. % : 62:6;6?:;;
- 123. .
- 124. .
- 125. 1
- 126. B
- 127. 1
- 128. 1
- 129. : 6?:;; : 6?:;;
- 130. #
- 131. 9
- 132. $: 62:65;6?:;;
- 133. 1
- 134. 1
- 135. )
- 136. B
- 137. 1
- 138. $ : 626?:;;
- 139. B
- 140. B
- 141. 9
- 142. B
- 143. .
- 144. 9
- 145. 4
- 146. !: 62:=;;
- 147. 1
- 148. 1
- 149. 1
- 150. .
- 151. ' : 6?:;;
- 152. .
- 153. 1
- 154. : 6?:E;;*
- 155. D
- 156. B
- 157. :
- 158. ;
- 159. 1
- 160. : 6?:;; .
- 161. 1
- 162. : 6?:;;
- 163. : 6:;;
- 164. : 6?:;;
- 165. : 6?:;;
- 166. : 6?:;;,
- 167. 1
- 168. : 6764;
- 169. B
- 170. :67:;; )
- 171. 1
- 172. : 67:;;
- 173. 9
- 174. 1:!);
- 175. 1
- 176. 1
- 177. 1
- 178. 67:;.
- 179. 1 : 64:;;
- 180. 1
- 181. ,
- 182. 1
- 183. : 64:;;
- 184. : 64:;;
- 185. 9
- 186. : 64:;;: 6;
- 187. D
- 188. :
- 189. ;
- 190. 9
- 191. 1
- 192. .
- 193. 1
- 194. D
- 195. 1
- 196. %
- 197. : 6:;;
- 198. D
- 199. : 6:;;=
- 200. 1
- 201. 1
- 202. : 6:;;
- 203. 3
- 204. 8
- 205. : 6:;;
- 206. : 6=;.
- 207. : 6=;)
- 208. C; .
- 209. F
- 210. :
- 211. ;
- 212. ; )F
- 213. 1
- 214. ; ( F
- 215. 1