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Advances and Strategies for Advances and Strategies for Agriculture Research in ChinaAgriculture Research in China
Dr. Gong XifengDr. Gong Xifeng Deputy Director GeneralDeputy Director General
Department of International CoperationDepartment of International CoperationChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
CONTENT
• Status of Agriculture in China Status of Agriculture in China
• Research AchievementsResearch Achievements
• ChallengesChallenges
• Strategy Strategy
• Priority For Future ResearchPriority For Future Research
STATUS
Since the reform and opening-up policy almost 30 years ago, China has achieved favorable balance for supply and demand of agricultural products;
During this process, agricultural science and technology has played a leading role and contributed substantially to rural economic development.
STATUS
304. 8
320. 6
379. 1
446. 2435. 3
442. 7
456. 5445. 1
466. 6
504. 5494. 2
512. 3508. 4
462. 2452. 6457. 1
430. 7
469. 5
484
497. 5
300
350
400
450
500
550
1978 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Grain (Million tons)
STATUS
Grain (ton/ha)
3.84.1
5.2
5.9 5.86.0
6.2 6.16.4
6.76.6
6.8 6.86.4 6.4
6.6 6.5
6.9 7.0 7.1
3. 03. 54. 04. 55. 05. 56. 06. 57. 07. 58. 0
STATUS
8. 5612. 05
19. 26
28. 5631. 44
34. 338. 41
44. 99
52. 6
45. 84
52. 68
57. 2358. 261. 25
63. 3365. 86
69. 3272. 44
76. 580. 52
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1978 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Meat (Million tons)
STATUS
2. 566
5. 347
7. 9469. 22
10. 199
11. 798
14. 79
16. 767
19. 65218. 971
20. 21321. 347
22. 43323. 367
24. 62726. 067
27. 23728. 6
29. 456
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Egg (Million tons)
STATUS
0. 97 1. 3672. 894
4. 7515. 2435. 639 5. 6376. 089
6. 728 7. 3586. 811 7. 4548. 069
9. 19
11. 2
14
18. 48
23. 68
28. 45
31. 93
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1978 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Milk (Million tons)
STATUS
133. 6191398
686 709 784922
1221
1578
19262090 2162 2210 2253
23662476
2622
2936
3255
3587
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1978 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Farm Income (RMB)
ACHIEVEMENTS
1. Collection and conservation of germplasm resources
Near400,000 accessions of crop germplasms are collected and conserved in the national Genebank
ACHIEVEMENTS
2 National long-term Genebanks 10 mid-term gene banks 32 repositories for perennial plants over 100 conservation sites for wild plants, 31 sites for original aquatic organisms 2 gene-banks for domestic animals 50 genetic resource preservation farms 7 national collection centers
1. Collection and conservation of germplasm resources
2. Establish Integrated breeding system for 2. Establish Integrated breeding system for
new varietiesnew varieties
ACHIEVEMENTS
Hybrid Rice and Super rice
Transgenic Bt Cotton
High-yield and quality Canola
Dwarf-male-sterile Wheat
Vegetables
Chinese Cabbage
ACHIEVEMENTS
Hybrid Rice and Super rice
China has organized scientists nation-wide
to create hybrid rice in 1970’s and Super
rice in 1990’s.
ACHIEVEMENTS
Hybrid Rice
ACHIEVEMENTS
Super rice
ACHIEVEMENTS
Transgenic Bt Cotton
After Monsanto, CAAS has acquired our won IPR for Bt Cotton;
CAAS first developed combination of transgenic cotton with Bt and CpTI genes;
CAAS first developed three line hybrid cotton.
Transgenic Cotton
TransgenicCK
Three-line Transgenic Cotton
ACHIEVEMENTS
High-yield and quality Canola
ACHIEVEMENTS
Dwarf-male-sterile Wheat and its Recurrent Selection System
ACHIEVEMENTS
VegetablesVegetables
New way of breeding: space mutation breeding technology
ACHIEVEMENTS
Chinese CabbageChinese Cabbage
The 1st applicable dominant male sterile line in
cabbage in the world
ACHIEVEMENTS
3. Establishment of technical system for major 3. Establishment of technical system for major animal disease control and preventionanimal disease control and prevention
avian influenza vaccine foot and mouth disease vaccine etc.
ACHIEVEMENTS
4. Establishment of Quality Standard System and Quality Control system
280 national and 1780 local quality control and testing centers established;
More than 2500 national standards established;
Near 10000 local standards developed.
ACHIEVEMENTS
5. E5. Efficient utilization of agricultural resources, fficient utilization of agricultural resources, environment control and ecological restorationenvironment control and ecological restoration
ACHIEVEMENTS
6. Digital agriculture and agricultural information 6. Digital agriculture and agricultural information technologytechnology
Establish information collection system for live-stock and poultry quality tracing and crop disease and pest monitoring;
Research and development databases
Precision fertilizer application model based on soil nutrient.
CHALLENGES
Population increasing and arable land Population increasing and arable land
decreasing, plus living standards decreasing, plus living standards
raising bring an ever-growing raising bring an ever-growing
pressure on grain supply. pressure on grain supply.
CHALLENGES
Resources Limitation:Resources Limitation: Per capita arable farmland: 40% of Per capita arable farmland: 40% of
world average;world average;
Per capita water endowment: 25% of Per capita water endowment: 25% of world average;world average;
CHALLENGES
1.1. Resources and environmentResources and environment 40% of farmland degradation; 4 million hectares of farmland and 5.9 millio
n hectares of grassland are under desertification risk;
1.4 million hectares of grassland are degraded annually.
CHALLENGES
2.2. PollutionPollution
Crop pesticides, heavy metal and fertilizer pollution problem;
Animal antibiotics and hormones residues problems;
CHALLENGES
3.3. Invasive species and natural disasterInvasive species and natural disaster
more than 380 alien plants, 40 animals and 23 microorganism Invasive spices into China recently;
15%-20% of plant species are under risk of losses that threaten our biological basis;
Flood, drought, climate and pest and disease disaster occurs frequently which make lost of agricultural production 6-8%.
CHALLENGES
4.4. Farmer livelihoodFarmer livelihood
Farmers’ income increased Farmers’ income increased growth rate with slighgrowth rate with slight percentaget percentage in the last few years ifin the last few years if compared compared with that of urban residents.with that of urban residents.
Most of income are from non-agricultural Most of income are from non-agricultural activitiesactivities..
..
CHALLENGES
5.5. International competitionInternational competition
Most land-intensive products do not have comparative advantages in the international markets;
Some labor–intensive products have advantages but the quality needed to meet the standards of trade partner countries.
STRATEGIES
1. Demanding:
By 2030, Chinese population will reach 1.6 billion with food grain demands of 640 million tons ;
Assume 95% self reliance, 100 million tons food grains need to be increased to meet the demands;
STRATEGIES
2. National Agricultural Development Objectives are to realize “3S” Strategy for agricultural development:
Security
Safety
Sustainability
STRATEGIES
Developing national and regional agricultural innovation systems;
Improve mechanism and enhance institutional innovation;
New platform development and capacity building;
Accelerating transfer of scientific achievements;
Consolidating internal and international cooperation.
3. Supporting Policy and Initiatives:3. Supporting Policy and Initiatives:
Research Priorities (Security)Research Priorities (Security)
1)1) Germplasm resources gene discovery Germplasm resources gene discovery and developing of new animal and planand developing of new animal and plant cultivarst cultivars
discover functional genesdiscover functional genes develop newdevelop new breeding platform breeding platform improve plantimprove plant and animal varieties and animal varieties
PRIORITY
Research Priorities (Security)Research Priorities (Security)
1)1) Prevention and control of serious diseaPrevention and control of serious diseases and pests ses and pests
Reducing lost of agricultural Reducing lost of agricultural productionproduction
Controlling invasive speciesControlling invasive species
PRIORITY
Research Priorities (Safety) Research Priorities (Safety)
Highly efficient production and food safetyHighly efficient production and food safety
animal and crop production with high-yield, animal and crop production with high-yield, high quality, high efficiencyhigh quality, high efficiency
whole-process quality controlwhole-process quality control
tracing and safety testing technology tracing and safety testing technology
GMO safety control GMO safety control
PRIORITY
Research Priorities( Sustainability)Research Priorities( Sustainability)
The control and rehabilitation of agro- The control and rehabilitation of agro- environmental pollutionenvironmental pollution
Warning and control of non-biological Warning and control of non-biological agricultural disasters, agricultural disasters,
Agro-biodiversity conservationAgro-biodiversity conservation
Agricultural resources utilization Agricultural resources utilization
PRIORITY
Thank you!Thank you!