Agenda• Go over WWII Test• Connecting Dots: WWI, Red Scare/Roaring 20s,

Depression, WWII, Cold War• Notes• Give U.S. F.P. Chart and assign term to each

group or Quiz Questions (5 matching/ 5 M.C.) or Review Jeopardy

• HW: Rdg. Ch. 15, Sections 1 & 2; Chart term; Scrapbook Project (Quiz next class?) …

Connecting the Dots• What was the Bolshevik Revolution and how did it

help trigger the 1st Red Scare in the United States?• What factors encouraged economic growth in the

1920s?• How did the Roaring 20s lead to the Great

Depression?• How did the Great Depression help trigger WWII?• How did WWII lead to the origins of the Cold War?

Vietnamese Dec. of IndependenceSeptember 2, 1945

• Why do you think Ho Chi Minh based his speech of the U.S. Dec. of Independence? What specific similarities are there between the 2 documents?

• Why does Minh argue the Vietnamese deserve indep. From the French? What does he accuse them of?

• Why might the U.S. have supported the Viet Minh during WWII?• When the Viet Minh nationalist leader, Ho Chi Minh, delivered

the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence on V-J Day, American members of the OSS were in attendance. However, over the coming months and years, the U.S. supported the French re-colonization of Vietnam. What factors do you think led to this shift in policy?

Opener Prompt

• What similarities were there between the U.S. after WWI and after WWII?

Cold WarPart I: Reconstruction and

Confrontation

After WWII—Bi-Polar System• World is divided into spheres of influence

between Soviet Union and U.S.– What’s a sphere of influence

• A territorial area in which political and economic control is wielded by one nation

Roots of the Cold War

• What is a Cold War?– A continuing state of political conflict, military

tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (Western World)

– Leads to Hot Wars…Korea/Vietnam, etc.– Mutual distrust and suspicion between Soviet

Union and U.S./Western World

Causes of the Cold War--Economic

• Soviet Union– Communism: econ.

Policy– Working class will rise

against their oppressors (capitalists) and establish a society w/out classes or divisions

– Spread worldwide revolution

• United States– Capitalism: econ. Policy– private ownership; free

markets determine production/prices

– How did Depression/WWII influence U.S. econ. policy during Cold War?

Causes of the Cold War--Political

• Soviet Union– Communist Dictatorship– Favor needs of state

over personal human rights

– Resent US/GB efforts to crush Russian Revolution (1918)

• United States– Capitalist Democracy– “Valued” freedom and

promote democracy– Resent Nazi-Soviet Non-

Aggression Pact

Causes of the Cold War—Soviet Security Concerns

• U.S. hid secrets of Atomic Bomb…Triggers Soviet Arms Build-up

• Soviets want control over Eastern European States, Why?– History of invasion from West thru Poland…

• Yalta/Potsdam: Soviets Promise Free Elections– Post WWII: Stalin/Soviet army block free elections

• Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine) become puppets of Soviet Union

The “Iron Curtain”

From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtainiron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe. -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

Causes of the Cold War—Stalin v. Truman

• Stalin– Anger over lateness of

D-Day invasion– Views U.S. as leader of

Imperial Powers– Communism World

Wide

• Truman– Staunch Anti-Communist– Colonialist

Truman’s Political Philosophy

• “One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. ”

• “The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio; fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms. ”

• A speech by President Truman of the US (1947)

Causes of the Cold War—Germany & Berlin

• Soviet Union– Econ. Hurt by WWII,

want Germany to pay reparations/strip Germany of its resources

• United States/West– Truman realizes German

industry essential to Europe

– Prevent fall of Germany to communism

Result: Split Germany as well as Berlin into 4 sectors (Soviet, U.S., British, and French)

Goals of Two Sides

• Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations– Spread Communism

World Wide– Methodologies

• Espionage: KGB• Nuclear Arms Race• Compete for minds/

hearts of 3rd World peoples—Proxy Wars

• Warsaw Pact

• U.S. & Western Democracies– “Containment” of

Communism– Methodologies

• Espionage: CIA• Nuclear Arms Race• Compete for minds/

hearts of 3rd World Peoples—Proxy Wars

• NATO

Summary

• “It was not just that the two ideologies were conflicting - they were militant and expansionist. They both believed that the alternative ideology was a threat to their own way of life, and that the only way for the world to be happy was for their particular ideology to take over the world. This mixture of ideological fear and aggression meant that in both America and Russia, their beliefs invaded and affected their foreign policies.”

Early Cold War Policy

The Truman Years…

Containment

• Containment– Response to Soviet

expansion in E. Europe– Intro. by George

Kennan (1946)– U.S. foreign policy

during the Cold War– Goal: Limit the spread

of communism

Domino Theory

Truman Doctrine

• Truman Doctrine (1947)– Offered $400 million in

economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey…Why?

• Why did this increase tensions between U.S. & Soviet Union (USSR)?

Marshall Plan• Intro. by Sec. of State George Intro. by Sec. of State George

Marshall (1948)Marshall (1948)• The U. S. should provide aid to The U. S. should provide aid to

allall European nations that need European nations that need it. This move it. This move is not against is not against any country or doctrine, but any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.desperation, and chaos.

• $12.5 Billion in aid to W. $12.5 Billion in aid to W. Europe…Why?Europe…Why?

Berlin Blockade and Airlift (1948-1949)

• One of the earliest conflicts of Cold War

• Soviets block western access to their zones in Berlin

North Atlantic Treaty Org. (NATO)1949-Present

• Mutual defense/military alliance…Why?Mutual defense/military alliance…Why?

• United States, Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, United States, Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, PortugalItaly, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal

• 1952: Greece & Turkey1952: Greece & Turkey

• 1955: West Germany1955: West Germany

Warsaw Pact (1955)

• Soviet Response to NATOSoviet Response to NATO• U. S. S. R., Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, U. S. S. R., Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany,

Hungary, Poland, RomaniaHungary, Poland, Romania

Think, Pair, Share

• With your partner, answer the following writing prompt. Provide a 3-4 sentence response that describes President Harry Truman’s foreign policy during the Cold War. (What was his response to the “Communist Threat?”)

1949—Red China

• Post-WWII: Civil War resumes in China– Communists (Mao

Zedong) v. Nationalists (Chiang Kai- Shek)

– U.S. provides over $2.4 billion in aid and weapons to Nationalists, Why? Chairman Mao

“The Reds Are Taking Over”• 1949: China Falls to

Communism– Mao Zedong

• 1949: Soviets launch 1st A-Bomb

• 1949: Strenuous Chinese/Soviet Alliance

• Significance of all these events?

U.S. Concerns Increase

• Sheer physical size of Russia and China; combined populations; threat to Containment

• Why did Japan become so important to U.S. foreign policy?

• Why were U.S. fears probably misplaced?

Cold War Turns Hot: Korean War

• Pre WWII Korea:– Invaded by Japan (1910)

• Post WWII Korea:– Korea divided at 38th parallel– N. Korea

• Soviet backed govt. led by Kim IL-Sung

– S. Korea• U.S. backed govt. led by

Syngman Rhee

Korean War (1950-1953)• June 25, 1950: N. Korea invades

S. Korea– Soviets arm N. Koreans– MacArthur views as challenge to

U.S.– Why is S. Korea important to U.S.

strategically?

• N. Korean push US/S. Korean & United Nations troops to southern port of Puson (9/1950)

Korean War (1950-1953)• American counter attack at Inchon…

push N. Koreans up to Chinese border…– MacArthur’s Error… China Enters the

War

• UN troops force Chinese/N. Koreans back to 38th Parallel

• MacArthur calls for use of nuclear bomb– Wants to expand into N. Korea…

publicly criticizes Truman

• Truman fires MacArthur

Panmunjon• Peace Talks: 11/1951 to 7/1953

– 1/1953 Eisenhower becomes President– Stalin Dies…Comm. More willing to

negotiate

• War ends in Stalemate: 38th Parallel• 37,000 Americans die during peace

talks (53,000)– Total S. K./UN Casualties: 900,000 (est.)– Total N.K./Chinese Casualties: 1.5

million (est.)– Civilian Casualties: 2.5 mill. (est.)

Impact of Korea

• 1st “Hot War of the Cold War”• Asia: 2nd Front Opened in the

Cold War– SEATO; Support French in

Vietnam

• Truman: Exec. Order 9981– Desegregated Military (1948)

• Birth of Modern Fighter Jet & Helicopter

• Forgotten War

Exit Slip

• Discuss at least 3 causes of the Cold War.• Describe 3 specific actions the United States

took to limit the spread of communism/Soviet influence.

• What events contributed to the United States’ decision to enter the Korean War?

• How was the Korean War a microcosm (symbolic) of the Cold War?

Analogy Flip Book

• Analogies, similes, and metaphors compare two items that may not necessarily be related.– Simile: expressed analogy (using “like” or “as”)– Metaphor: implied analogy

• Examples: – Reconstruction was like getting hired a fired in the

same week.– Presidential Reconstruction was a slap on the

wrist for Southerners.

Analogy Flip Book

• Working with a partner (if you’d like)…come up with an analogy for the Cold War or Korean War.– Your flip book must contain the following:

• 3 specific pieces of evidence to support your analogy• Illustrations that help depict your main ideas

– Be prepared to present your analogy to the class at the end of the period.