Post on 15-Jan-2015
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Health issues
Health issues
Health issues
AIDS
Health issues
AIDS = acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome
It is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
AIDS
AIDS
Health issues
AIDS
• In 2005 over 43 million people lived with HIV.
• In 2006, 3 million people died of AIDS; 5 million more were
infected.
• Sub-Saharan Africa is the worst affected region: it has 10% of
the global population but 60% of the world’s HIV cases.
• 75% of all women with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa.
The global hazard
AIDS
Health issues
AIDS
• In 2005 25 million people were living with HIV; there were 3.1
million new infections and 2.3 million deaths.
• Only 800,000 people received anti-retroviral (ARV) therapy, a
treatment which prolongs life, but is not a cure. The best
country was Uganda where 40% of cases received ARV therapy.
Sub-Saharan Africa (1)
AIDS
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AIDS
Country Life expectancy
without AIDS, 2010
Life expectancy
with AIDS, 2010
Botswana 74 27
Lesotho 67 36
South Africa 69 37
Zimbabwe 71 35
Sub-Saharan Africa (2)
AIDS
Health issues
AIDS
• The diversion of effort and income into care and medicine, and
into funeral costs.
• The withdrawal of children from school to work on the land.
• The creation of large numbers of orphans.
• The over-burdening of grandparents with childcare.
Impact of AIDS (1)
AIDS
Health issues
AIDS
Impact of AIDS (2)
AIDS
Health issues
AIDS
• Research is underway to find a vaccine but this may be a remote
hope.
• Blood is screened for HIV antibodies before it is used for
transfusions.
• Use of ARV therapy is expensive, but cheaper generic versions
of the drugs are being developed. Africa is not the only area
of the world which cannot afford to treat its population.
Management of AIDS (1)
AIDS
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AIDS
WHO Region Estimated number of
people needing ARV
therapy, 2005
ARV coverage (%),
2005
Africa 4,700,000 17
Americas 465,000 68
Europe 230,000 12
Western Pacific 970,000 14
South East Asia 150,000 27
TOTAL 6,500,000 20
Source: WHO 2006
Management of AIDS (2)
AIDS
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AIDS
The key is to change the behaviour of people by:
• Education about risks, and how to protect themselves.
• Education to raise aspirations and improve lifestyles.
Management of AIDS (3)
AIDS
Health issues
AIDS
Many people now believe that the spread of HIV/AIDS is rooted in
problems of poverty, food and livelihood insecurity,
sociocultural inequalities, together with poor support services
and infrastructure. It is also believed that although responses
to HIV/AIDS have grown and improved over the past decade, they
still do not match the scale or pace of a steadily worsening
epidemic. UNAIDS itself said, in a report published in 2005,
that ‘the AIDS epidemic continues to outstrip global efforts to
contain it.’
The future?
AIDS