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AIM: How did the worship of only one God shape Judaism?
DO NOW- Judaism Pre-test: 1. The Jews believe in: One God b. A
trinity of Gods c. That there is no God but many prophets 2. The
land that the Jews feel that they are destined to inherit is: Egypt
b. Israel c. Jordan 3. The Jewish house of worship is called a:
mosque b. synagogue c. stupa 4. During World War II, millions of
Jews were killed in an event known as the: Diaspora b. Holocaust c.
Battle of Britain 5. The most sacred book of the Jews is called
the: Ramayana b. New Testament c. Torah Israelites: The preferred
name for the ancestors of the Jews. The name comes from the Hebrew
Bible where the descendants of Abrahams grandson Jacob are called
the children of Israel, or simply Israelites. The name is a
reference to the account in the Hebrew Bible that Jacobs name was
changed to Israel. You may begin using the term Jews instead of
Israelites in the period following the Assyrian conquest (722 BCE).
You should definitely use the term Jews instead of Israelites in
the Second Temple period (following the Babylonian Exile in 586
BCE). Hebrews: An alternate name for the ancestors of the Jews. If
your state standards and/or textbook use the term Hebrews, it is
acceptable to use this term. But if you have a choice, Israelites
is the preferred term. It is the standard term used in the Hebrew
Bible, which is the main source for information about this people.
Israelites is also the standard term used by modern scholars. It is
important to note that the term Hebrew is correct and appropriate
in reference to the language. Jews: The appropriate and correct
name for members of the Jewish people. The term comes from the
Kingdom of Judah. When King Solomon died, the Israelite kingdom
split. The northern kingdom was called Israel. It was destroyed by
the Assyrian Empire in 722 BCE. The southern kingdom was called
Judah. The words Jew, Judaism, and Jewish come from this place
name. Referring to Jews or the Jewish people is acceptable after
722 and should be used (rather than Israelites) to refer to the
people after the Babylonian Exile. The terms Jews and the Jewish
people are equally acceptable. It is very offensive to use the word
Jew as an adjective (e.g., the Jew lawyer) or a verb. Are Jews a
religious group or an ethnic group
Are Jews a religious group or an ethnic group? Turn & Talk
Discussion REMINDER: USE ACCOUNTABLE TALK! One of the most common
questions that students ask during lessons that address Jews or
Judaism is whether Jews are a religious group or an ethnic group.
Jews themselves have a wide range of opinions and beliefs about
what it means to be a Jew and what defines being Jewish.
Nevertheless, there are areas of general consensus. The essential
point to convey to students is that Jews do not fit neatly into
predefined categories, but they do form a distinct and unique
community that is connected by rich traditions and thousands of
years of history. The following facts provide additional
information: Categories are human constructs that help us talk
about and make sense of the world. However, some things, such as
the Jewish people, do not fit neatly into our preexisting
categories (such as religious group or ethnic group). It is like
being asked whether a round peg goes into a square hole or into a
triangular hole; it does not quite fit either one. Jews, even the
most traditionally religious Jews, consider someone with Jewish
parents who does not practice any element of Judaism to be Jewish.
Conversely, Jews also consider a convert with no Jewish ancestry
whatsoever to be as Jewish as any other Jew. This dichotomy
illustrates how Jews dont fit into our usual categories and have
elements of both religious and ethnic groups. Jewish life
encompasses more than religion. For example, expressions of
peoplehood, remembrances of historical experiences, connections to
the Land of Israel, and cultural elements such as music, art,
language, and food are also parts of Jewish life. There are Jews of
almost every background including Jews of African descent, Indian
descent, European descent, Middle Eastern descent, Southeast Asian
descent, and Hispanic descent. Most Jews object to describing Jews
as a racial group not only because of the diverse backgrounds of
the Jewish community, but also because the language of race
conjures memories of the Holocaust when the Nazis used racial
terminology to justify their attempt to annihilate the Jewish
people. In traditional Judaism, a Jew is a child of a Jewish mother
or is someone who converted to Judaism; anyone with a Jewish
mother, regardless of whether they practice Judaism, is a Jew and
anyone who converts to Judaism, regardless of their ancestry, is a
Jew. Today, some branches of Judaism teach that a person can also
be a Jew if he or she has a Jewish father and identifies as a Jew.
Most Jews feel connected through Jewish history, traditions, family
ties, and the religion of their ancestors - even if they are not
religiously observant themselves. How did the worship of only one
God shape Judaism?
I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt,
out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before
Me. In the Hebrew Bible, God speaks these words to Moses to explain
a belief that set the Israelites apart from all other people of the
ancient world at that time. Instead of worshipping many gods, the
Israelites prayed to just one God for guidance and patience. What
would be the differences between polytheistic or animistic
religions? How did the worship of only one God shape Judaism?
*NOTES* JUDAISM- major world religion founded by the Hebrews in
1400 B.C.E which became the first monotheistic belief system.
(monotheism-ONE GOD) IMPORTANT FIGURES: Abraham- first Hebrew to
make a covenant with God; father of monotheism 2.Moses- messenger
of God (prophet) who led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt and
was given the Ten Commandments Why would the Jews prefer to use
B.C.E and C.E. over B.C. and A.D.? 3. King David & his son
Solomon- created a Jewish empire and built the city of Jerusalem
*NOTES* Torah- holy book Ten Commandments- law code Monotheism - 1
God Sabbath- holy day is Saturday Synagogue or temple- house of
worship JUDAISM Important days: Hannukah, Passover, Yom Kippur,
Rosh Hashanah Kosher food (no pork or shellfish) Orthodox,
Conservative or Reformed The Dead Sea Scrolls Why do you think the
Dead Sea Scrolls were considered an important find? Why might
someone have decided to store these scrolls in a cave? The oldest
known texts of the Hebrew Bible were discovered in 1947 in a region
along the northwest short of the Dead Sea. They were written about
2,000 years ago on papyrus scrolls and bound in leather and copper.
At some point, the Dead Sea Scrolls were stored carefully in clay
jars and tucked away in a series of caves near Qumran, where an
unsuspecting young shepherd happened upon them one day. The Ten
Commandments Ten Commandments Code of Hammurabi Same Discussion
Questions What ideas do you have about the religion of Judaism?
What information have you seen or read about the religion or about
people who are Jews? Why do you think it is important to know
something about Judaism? How might the religion of Judaism affect
the lives of people who are not Jews? What similarities or
differences do you see between Judaism and Christianity? Islam?
Buddhism? Hinduism? Exit Slip: Answer the following questions on a
separate piece of paper
Exit Slip: Answer the following questions on a separate piece of
paper. MINIMUM OF 7 SENTENCES. What types of challenges did the
Israelites face in ancient times? Why do you think many Jews feel
it is important to remember the challenges faced by the ancient
Israelites? Do you think Jews today might face any similar
challenges as they practice their faith in the modern world?
Explain. AIM: In what ways were religion and society intertwined in
ancient India?
Do Now: PBS Video: The Mahabharata arata Discussion Question: What
role does the Mahabharata play in Indianhistory? What are some
other cultures epic stories? Turn & Talk withPartner:
DefineReincarnation.Why do youbelieve somepeople believein it? The
Beliefs of Hinduism Develop
No single founder No single sacred text Process began withAryans
and Induscivilization One of the worldsmost complex religions One
Force Underlies Everything
Hindu belief that everything is part of theunchanging, all-powerful
spiritual force calledbrahman Variety of Hindu gods who give
concreteform to brahman Hindu Gods Vishnu the Preserver Brahma the
Creator Shiva the destroyer Sacred Texts Reveal Hindu Beliefs
Vedas sacred textswhere Hinduteachings wererecorded Upanishads
sectionof the Vedas thataddress mysticalquestions related
toHinduism Achieving Moksha Is the Goal of Life
Atman an essential self Moksha union with brahman, ultimate goal of
existence. To doso, individuals must free themselves from selfish
desires. Reincarnation rebirth of the soul into another bodily
form.Allows people to continue working toward moksha throughseveral
lifetimes Karma all actions of a persons life that affect his or
her fate inthe next life Dharma the religious and moral duties of
an individual Ahimsa nonviolence The Caste System Castes social
groupsinto which people areborn and which canrarely be changed.
Complex Rules Uphold the Caste System
Caste was closely linkedto Hindu beliefs Higher classes were
closerto moksha Web of complex casterules untouchables (dalits)
considered impure Caste Affects the Social Order
Ensures a stable social order Karma determined their caste could
reach a higher statusin the future by fulfilling theirduties A
sense of identity andinterdependence Over time, many
additionalcastes and subcastes evolved. AIM: How did Buddhism
develop in India?
Do Now: (Review from yesterdays class) In what ways were religion
and societyintertwined in ancient India? Pain is caused by
desire.
Agree or disagree Pain is caused by desire. What does this phrase
mean to you? Do youagree or disagree? Why/why not? Key Concepts I.
Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama
Buddha enlightenedone II. Goal of Buddhists is toachieve Nirvana
Ending reincarnationand stopping the cycle ofdeath and rebirth.
Born a prince 563 B.C.E. Age 29 took a ride around the palace and
saw an old man, next sick person and a dead body = became aware of
human suffering Deeply disturbed he set out and wandered for years
seeking answers from Hindu scholars and holy men ideas failed to
satisfy him Birth place of Buddha Images of Buddha Siddhrtha
Gautama was a ______________ teacher in the northern region of the
__________________who founded _______________. He is generally seen
by Buddhists as the ________________ Buddha of our age.The time of
his birth and death are uncertain: most early 20th-century
______________date his lifetime from563 BCE to 483 BCE; Four Noble
Truths 1. All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow.
2. The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and
mindsets such as hatred and desire. 3. The only cure for suffering
is to overcome nonvirtue. 4. The way to overcome nonvirtue is to
follow the Eightfold Path. The Eightfold Path The way to rid
yourself of desire and hatred. Buddhism Spreads Beyond India
Collecting the Buddhas teachings = Tripitaka ThreeBaskets of Wisdom
Buddhism spreads and divides = missionaries and traders Sects
(subgroups) Theravada closely follows Buddhas teachings(monks and
nuns) = Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia Mahayana easier for ordinary
people to follow =China, Tibet, Korea and Japan Buddhism slowly
declined in India Prayer Wheels Buddhist Monks Buddhism in Action
Group Work Why did the Buddha believe that to begin the Eightfold
Path a person had tohave a proper view of The Middle Way and the
Four Noble Truths? What does Buddha mean by the idea of right
intention? In other words, isit a specific set of actions or a way
of life? If moral behavior is not commanded by a god or by an
outside authority,how are human beings supposed to behave
ethically? Analyze and discuss whether the First Noble Truth is a
pessimisticassessment of the human condition. Compare and contrast
the Eightfold Path to practices in other traditions suchas
Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam. Examine and discuss whether you
believe it possible to attain Nirvana. Discuss the most important
idea that you learned from this lesson. Lets Summarize Hinduism
Buddhism Aim: How did Confucius create a harmonious society?
Do Now: Create a timeline of the Chinese dynasties and important
events we have discussed concerning Ancient China so far this year.
Confucianism A philosophy that originated in China around 520 B.C.E
by Kong Fuzi (Confucius) Questions: What is the difference between
a belief system and religion? -If students are stuck have them
start with what they know about religion and then work backwards.
The Analects Confucius teachings were gathered together by his
students into a book called The Analects, which means The selected
sayings The book is a list of morals, wise statements, and
questions that Confucius was asked by his followers with the
answers he gave The Tenets of Confucianism
People should try to act with Ren: Goodness and Humanity Li:
Propriety and Respect And these can only be achieved through
education. People should also practice Filial Piety: Respect for
ones rulers, parents, elders, and spouse If people practice these
things, order will prevail What does it mean to respect ones
parents? Five Relationships RULER HUSBAND FATHER OLDER SIBLING
younger sibling
subject wife son FRIEND FRIEND Spread of Confucianism
All regions of China were influenced by Confucius. Created a very
traditional society Confucianism spread to Korea, Vietnam and Japan
Confucius Says. By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by
reflection, which is noblest; Second, by imitation, which is
easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest.Put this
quote into your own words. Put this quote into your own
words.
Confucius Says. When we see persons of worth, we should think of
equaling them; when we see persons of a contrary character, we
should turn inwards and examine ourselves. Put this quote into your
own words. Confucius Says. The Master said about government,
Encourage the people to work hard by setting an example yourself.
Do not allow your efforts to slacken. Put this quote into your own
words. How Confucianism Has Affected Our World
Confucius was the founder of the modern ideal that all people
deserve an education and a chance to govern, not just the noble
class. Confucius started the system of going to school throughout
your childhood to prepare for a few tests that would determine your
status and occupation for the rest of your life. Confucianism was
the official Chinese philosophy from 206 B.C.E. to 1912 C.E., and
it is still considered the backbone of Chinese culture.
Exit-Summary: How did Confucius create a harmonious society? AIM:
What are the main tenets of Daoism and Legalism?
DO NOW: Answer the following questions based on your notes from
last class: -Who was Confucius? -What are the main tenets of
Confucianism? -What is filial piety? #1 DAOISM (Taoism)Chinese
philosophy created to help restore harmony & peace during the
fall of the Zhou Dynasty BE STILL LIKE A MOUNTAIN & FLOW LIKE A
RIVER. #2 LAOZI - Founder of Daoism #3 YING YANG-Daoist symbol that
represents the delicate balance of nature. #4 SAGE- A PERSON WHO
GAINS WISDOM #5 ACUPUNCTURE- treating disease using fine needles
inserted into specific points in the body.According to Daoists,
these needles help to restore the balance of Ying and Yang in the
body. (restores health) #6 Legalism Chinese philosophy created to
help strengthen a state
#6 Legalism Chinese philosophy created to help strengthen a state.
Strength, not goodness was a rulers greatest virtue. #7 Han Feizi
Founder of Legalism