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AJANTA ELLORA
CONSERVATION AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
A REPORT
MAHARASHTRA TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
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Ajanta-Ellora Conservation & Tourism Development Project
Phase-I
Background of the Project :
Caves of Ajanta and Ellora, which are accredited the status of
'World Heritage Sites' by UNESO are located in Aurangabad
District of Maharashtra State. Their vicinity is called the Ajanta Ellora Region, where are located many ancient monuments and sites
of ecological significance. Maharashtra Tourism Development
Corporation (MTDC) got prepared in 1991, a Master Plan from M/s. Tata Consultancy Services on the basis of which the Government of
India requested the Government of Japan to consider grant of
Financial Assistance for the project. The Government of Japan got the Master Plan assessed by the Overseas Economic Co-operation
Fund (OECF) now Japan Bank for International Co-operation
(JBIC) and offered Loan assistance to Government of India for implementation of a part of the Master Plan as Phase I of the
Project. The two Governments entered into an agreement for the
Loan in January 1992. A joint venture of Pacific Consultants International (PCI) and Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) were
appointed in November 1993 as Consultants for planning and
overseeing the implementation of the works under the Loan. The Principal objectives of the Master Plan are :
Objectives :-
o To conserve and preserve monuments and natural
resources in the Ajanta Ellora region.
o To Improve infrastructure in order to accommodate
increased number of tourists to the region and enhance
their experience by providing improved facilities and
services.
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Project Components
•Conservation Monuments.
•Up-gradation of core infrastructure
- Water supply, electricity, communication
•Improve Accessibility
- Airport, roads, connection from important rail heads
•Environment Management
- Afforestation, low pollution local transportation, removing
encroachments
•Visitor Management System
- Circulation plans, landscaping, tourists amenities, cave
illumination, signage
•Media and Publicity
- National & international print and audio-visual publicity
The total project cost was estimated at Yen 4,406
million, which was equal to Rs.817.1 Million at the
exchange rate of Rs. 1 equals Yen 5.39. The support from
JBIC was Yen 3,745 million (Rs. 494.8 Million) and this is
around 85% of the total project cost.
The Major works completed in Phase - I
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MONUMENT CONSERVATION
(Implementing Agency : Archaeological Survey of India)
Improvement of approach path to the caves,
Procurement of conservation and logistic equipment,
Geological investigations of caves for formulating
conservation plan.
Structural Conservation
of facades
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Chemical Conservation To arrest weathering of external rock surfaces & monuments
Cleaning of Paintings & Sculptures
•Slow & Specialized work
•Undertaken after detailed research
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Preservation of Rock Surface &
Prevention of Water Seepage
Tourists Circulation Plan
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ROADS
(Implementing Agency : Public Works Department)
Up gradation & widening of 187.88 Kms. of road in
Ajanta Ellora Region connecting
Aurangabad – Ajanta Caves Road (113.6 kms.)
Aurangabad – Daulatabad Road (12.68 kms.)
Aurangabad - Ellora Road (14.00 kms.)
Khultabad – Phulambri Road (26.4 kms.)
Mitmita-Varzadi-Ellora Road (21.20 kms.)
Pathway from View Point to Ajanta Caves
by fair road connectivity to Ajanta and Ellora Caves.
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Upgradation of Roads
Mitmita-Varzadi-Ellora Road
Pune-Jalgaon Road at
Golegaon
Daulatabad-Ellora Road
Near Khultabad T-point
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AIRPORT
(Implementing Agency : National Airport Authority)
Extension of existing runway of 6000 ft. to 7500 ft.
Installation of ILS and other navigational equipment,
Strengthening of runway,
Air conditioning of departure lounge and
Erection of boundary wall.
Improving Aurangabad
Airport Infrastructure
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ELECTRICITY (Implementing Agency: Maharashtra State Electricity Board)
Augmentation of electric supply at Ajanta and Ellora, and
provision of related supply network.
Augmenting Electricity Capacity
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WATER SUPPLY (Implementing Agency : Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran)
Raising height of Tondapur Dam,
Installation of filtration plants and
Water Supply System at Ajanta and Ellora.
Improving Water Supply
Quantity & Quality
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Improvement of Environment & Ambience
AFFORESTATION (Implementing Agency : Forest Department)
Afforestation of 500 Ha of forest at Ajanta caves
Afforestation of 237 Ha. Around Ellora Caves
Totaling 737 Ha. in the region has been completed.
Fencing around plantation and rearing of trees.
Afforestation at Ajanta
Afforestation at Ajanta
Afforestation at Ellora
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Improvement to Pathway from Ajanta View Point to Ajanta Cavaes Foot Hills
in Forest Area ( Implemented by Public Works Department)
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Landscaping at Ajanta View Point, Ajanta Garden and
Ellora Cave No. 16 (Kailas Temple) (M.T.D.C.)
Ajanta View Point ( Garden, Fencing and Parking area)
Ajanta Forest Garden
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Landscaping at Ellora Cave No. 16 and Parking
Cave No. 16 (Before landscaping)
Cave No. 16
(after landscaping)
(Parking area,Ellora)
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VISITOR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (VMS)
(Implementing Agency : M.T.D.C.)
Preparation of media film, brochure, guide map,
leaflets and posters in national and international
languages.
Signage in the project region.
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Directional Signage
Site Signage
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Sulabh Suvidha Kendra at Ajanta Foot Hills
(M.T.D.C. Managed by Sulabh International)
Removal of encroachment and Landscaping
at Ajanta Foot Hills
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Generator Room and Equipments for Illumination of
caves with Fibre Optics System ( C.P.W.D.)
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The above works were undertaken during Phase-I. In the meanwhile there was
a balance of approximately Rs.380 million from the loan amount due to the
depreciation of Rupee, after the signing of the loan agreement. The loan
agreement has been extended to 31st March 2002 and further works are
undertaken based on the recommendations of 5th Steering Committee
meeting. The works including the extended phase are completed in February
2002.
Phase I & Extended Phase Expenditure
In Rs. Million S.
No.
Sub Project Impl.
Agency
Estimated
Cost
Actual
Exp.
Reimburse
ment
1 Monument Conservation ASI
Phase 1 Programme 13.230 03.440 02.821
Extended Phase-I 89.600 85.192 69.857
Total 102.830 88.632 72.678
2 National Airport Authority AAI
Phase 1 Programme 148.270 156.380 124.271
Extended Phase-I 09.000 06.924 05.678
Total 157.270 163.304 129.949
3 Afforestation FD
Phase 1 Programme 31.240 33.000 27.060
Extended Phase-I 13.600 11.255 09.229
Total 44.840 44.255 36.289
4 Roads PWD
Phase 1 Programme 435.360 539.870 442.693
Extended Phase-I 124.400 195.565 160.438
Total 559.760 735.435 603.131
5 Water Supply and Sewerage MJP
Phase 1 Programme 51.960 58.814 48.227
Total 51.960 58.814 48.227
6 Electric Power Supply MSEB
Phase 1 Programme 32.320 23.824 19.536
Total 32.320 23.824 19.536
7 Visitor Management System MTDC
Phase 1 Programme 27.340 06.010 04.928
Extended Phase-I 200.100 154.678 126.836
Total 227.440 160.688 131.764
Phase 1 Programme MOT 09.400 03.620 03.620
Extended Phase-I 02.862 02.862
Total 09.400 06.482 06.482
Phase 1 Programme 749.120 824.958 673.156
Extended Phase-I 436.700 456.476 374.900
Grand Total 1185.820 1281.434 1048.056
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Creation of Parking Node, Bus Bay and Shopping Complex at
T-Junction, Ajanta Caves ( C.P.W.D.)
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Purchase of 10 Euro-I type buses
( 5Airconditioned and 5 Non air-conditioned)
Activity is run by Maharashtra State Road Transport
Corporation.
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DATA ON VISITORS AT THE CENTRALLY
PROTECTED MONUMENTS
FOR THE YEAR 2001-02, 2002-03 & 2003-04
Year Ajanta
Caves
Ellora
Caves
Bibi-Ka-
Maqbara
Daulatabad
Fort
Aurangabad
Caves
2001-02
Indian
283281 442329 531143 373859 24733
Foreigner
15529 10460 3938 5082 1173
Total
298810 452789 535081 378941 25906
2002-03
Indian
269959 383214 579724 308427 20940
s
Foreigner
17639 10627 5640 5328 1337
Total
287598 393841 585364 313755 22277
2003-04
Indian
289130 432762 527861 316893 29270
Foreigner
23139 13727 8073 6881 2342
Total
312269 446489 535934 323779 31612
Source : Ticket sold by Archaeological Survey of India at
the Monuments.
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Ajanta & Ellora
What it represents today ………
A secure comfortable & enchanting destination
boasting two world heritage sites
More than 30,000 Sq ft of wall/ ceiling paintings
representing art form since Circa 200 B.C narrating
Jataka stories
A confluence of Buddhist, Jain and Hindu heritage
& cultures housed in more than 70 exquisitely
carved caves
A monolith temple (Kailasha) carved from a 225,000
ton single rock mass, excavated top down, into a
spectacular temple of art & culture
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AJANTA ELLORA CONSERVATION AND TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Phase - II
The second phase of the Ajanta-Ellora conservation and
tourism development project with the Japanese Bank of
International Co-operation (JBIC) sanctioning a soft loan of Rs.300 crores has become effective from July 31, 2003.
The loan clearance was announced after the JBIC held a series of talks with the central department of Tourism and Culture and the
Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) in Delhi. The first phase of the Ajanta -Ellora heritage circuit up gradation
scheme has won appreciation not only from the Japanese but also
from UNESCO. The second phase envisages taking forward the conservation and a development scheme initiated in the first phase,
and is estimated to Rs.360 crores. The remaining Rs.60 crores will
be brought in by various agencies like the Archaeological Survey of India, Airport Authority of India and five state government
agencies.
The second phase will be completed in five year time and will
generate additional employment in the Aurangabad Ajanta area.
This time, the funds are being utilize for not only the restoration of the Ajanta and Ellora caves but for the entire cave circuit of
Maharashtra, which streches from Mumbai to Aurangabad. The
plan envisages development and repair in the Elephanta caves, Nasik Ghat, Malshej Ghat, the Shivneri fort as well as forts around
Bhaja and Bedsa. Aurangabad's fabulous but long-neglected
heritage monuments will also be spruced up. These include the Bibi-ka-Maqbara, Soneri Mahal, Delhi Gate, Makai Gate, Bhadkal
Gate, in the Aurangabad. Pitalkhora caves, Daulatabad Fort and the
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Patnadevi temple. The work to be carried out at these places
includes structural reinforcement, chemical conservation of the paintings and artifacts, preservation of percolation within the caves,
upgrading the environment, training conservation staff and
improving visitor management system.
Another major area of development will be the Lonar Crater,
one of the oldest meteorite impact crater in the world (in Buldhana District). Last year, the MTDC built a resort near the crater to
attract tourists. Now it plans to clean up the ancient temples on the
beach of the lake in the crater and create heritage walks while simultaneously protecting the lake and wooded environs of the
crater. Another important project that will be completed in the
second phase is up-grading Aurangabad airport into an international airport.
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AJANTA ELLORA CONSERVATION AND TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Phase - II
Type of work Estimated
cost in
Million. Rs.
Implementing
Agency
Monument Conservation 368 ASI
Improvement of Airport 607 AAI
Afforestation 14 Maharashtra Forest
Department
Improvement of roads 185 Maharashtra P.W.D.
Water Supply Systems 49 Maharashtra Jeevan
Pradhikaran
Tourist complexes at Ajanta & Ellora with interpretation
centers and replica caves
532 MTDC
Public Awareness Activities 302 MTDC
Human Resource
Development
9 MTDC
Computerization of Tourist Information
18 MTDC
Micro Credit 5 MTDC
Lonar Conservation and
Development
25 MTDC
State Archaeological
Monuments
9 MTDC
Additional sub projects in vicinity of Buddhist caves
circuit
237 MTDC
Contingency 270
Consulting Services 169
Interest during construction 194
Total Project Cost 2992 Rs. in million
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The brief description of work being undertaken by each
implementing agency is given below:
MONUMENT CONSERVATION
( Executing Agency : Archaeological Survey of India)
It covers implementing short and long term measures for the
conservation & preservation at Ajanta Caves, Ellora Caves, Pitalkhora Caves, Aurangabad Caves, Bibi-ka-Maqbara, Daulatabad
Fort, Kanari Caves, Elephanta and Nasik Caves. It also includes
project packages of ASI (Chemical Branch) for Chemical Conservation of Monuments, Survey and Maintenance/Operation of
Equipment & purchase of equipment’s for the conservation
laboratory at Aurangabad & detailed documentation of heritage monuments.
The proposed project package include: Protection of rock mass.
Prevention of Water seepage in the caves.
Slope stability of caves and adjoining hills. Conservation & Preservation/ protection of sensitive paintings.
Surface water management.
Landscaping the adjoining region. Visitor management
Restoration of essential/structural elements and
Investigation/exploration of surroundings.
AURANGABAD AIRPORT (Executing Agency Airport Authority of India)
To facilitate domestic and international flights to land in Aurangabad the airport facilities are planned to be upgraded. After
the up-gradation wide-bodied aircraft’s operated by charter flight
operators could land at Aurangabad Airport. This development will significantly boost the international tourist traffic to the region.
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The proposed project package include: Construction of new passenger terminal building and Ancillary
support facilities.
Construction of new apron 500x400 and construction of taxi track.
AFFORESTATION ( Forest Department, Maharashtra)
Afforestation of land in Ajanta-Ellora Region. This will help in
improving vegetation cover, which will prevent soil erosion and will reduce pollution in the vicinity of the caves.
The proposed project package include: Afforestation at Daulatabad, Maliwada & Mitmita,
Daulatabad and surroundings
Information and Maintenance: Erection of fire towers, Fire line cutting every year, Fire fighting equipments, Display card on
trees
Tourist facilities at Gawatala sanctuary: Camping and Accommodation facilities, Establishment of nature trails and
watch towers.
ROAD
(Executing Agency:Public Works Department, Maharashtra
State) The following roads are recommended for up gradation in phase-2
1. Improvement of Bhusawal-Jamner-Pahur road(41.3 km)
2. Improvement of Satkund-Pitalkhora road (10 km)
All the roads lead to important tourist destinations and the proposed
improvements will lead to reduction in travel time & commuting
costs. The towns/villages in the vicinity of these roads will also benefit.
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WATER SUPPLY (Executing Agency : Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran)
The existing water supply scheme will take care of water supply & sanitation at tourist destinations at Ellora caves,
Ajanta View Point. This facility will benefit tourists visiting the
above tourist destinations.
TOURISM MARKETING & VISITOR MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM ( MTDC)
Development of Ajanta Tourist Complex : which includes
construction of visitor information center, arrival area, interpretation center, site museum, virtual reality hall, cave
replicas, restaurants, plazas & service areas.
Development of Ellora Tourist Complex : which includes
construction of visitor center, arrival area, interpretation
center, site museum, virtual reality hall, restaurants, plazas & service areas.
Public Awareness Activities: for promotion of Maharashtra and Buddhist circuits along with Ajanta Ellora region using
press, print, audio visual and electronic media.
Human Resource Development : This will take care of
training to staff for maintenance and operation of tourism destinations, visitor management service, tourism planning and
environment conservation, etc.
Computerisation of Tourist Information : Conservation of State Archaeological Monuments: The
following gates and temples in & around Aurangabad : Soneri
Mahal, Delhi gate, Makai gate, Bhadkal gate are to be conserved & preserved.
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Development of Lonar Crater: This includes construction of
pathway, fencing work, construction of toilet, clearing of prosopis plants, restoration, conservation, creation of visitor
information and management system.
Additional sub projects in the vicinity of the Cave : This
will include development of Elephanta Caves, River front
development of Nasik Ghat, Development of Malshej ghat, Development around Bhaja and Bedsa, Development of
Shivneri fort near Junner caves, Development of Rustic valley.
The development work will include the improvement of access roads, signage, power and water infrastructure at these tourist
destinations.
MICROCREDIT FOR LOW INCOME TOURIST SERVICE
PROVIDERS:
This is the first scheme of its kind in tourism sector in India and will
aim to organize and train service providers at tourist sites who are
other wise considered nuisence by tourists and planners alike, but are essential part of Indian tourism scenario. Along with the
development of infrastructure in the Aurangabad, Nasik and
Elephanta/Ghorapuri regions there is a need to cater to small routine necessities of tourists, which are today met by mushrooming
hawkers whose service to tourists leave much to desire. The micro
financing sub projects would aim at organizing, training and financing this low income segment. Women entrepreneurs will be
given preference and suitable NGOs have been identified to train, disburse and monitor the micro credit funding and recovery. The
beneficiaries include small restaurants, tea shops, kiosks, guides,
photographers, hawkers, fruit vendors, taxi operators. This would make them more presentable as well as increase their
entrepreneurial ability. The loan amount will be scheme will
channalised through rural bank. -------
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