Post on 24-Dec-2021
transcript
World War One
aka “The Great War”
1. What is it?
2. What is it?
3. What is it?
4. What is it?
5. What is it?
6. What is it?
7. Who is it?
8. Who is it?
9. What is it?
10. What is it?
11. What is it?
"No food, no rest, no sleep, men wounded, dead, gas,
machine guns, rockets, a continuous barrage,
shrapnel, the roar of thousands of cannon. There is no
use- I cannot express it. At eleven o'clock the cannons
quit- gradually the machine guns and rifles ceased
firing. All knew the war was over. Why or how we
did not know. The calm was too much- exhausted
men fell where they were and broke."
-Lt. Howell Lindsay Smith, 117th Infantry, 30th
Division.
World War I
1914 to 1919
The U.S. involvement in WWI ended a long
tradition of isolationism in European
conflicts…
…and set the
stage for the
U.S. to emerge
as a global
superpower
later in the 20th
century.
There were
disagreements
about the
extent the U.S.
should isolate
itself from
world affairs.
• War started in
Europe in 1914
• It was called the
Great War
• Later it was called
World War I
• Isolationism: The
United States
stayed out of the
war for the first
couple years of
war.
Events That Led to
World War I
1.The spark is lit
with the
Assassination
of the Austrian
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
in
Sarajevo
2. Countries Formed Alliances -
“I’ve got your back if you’ve got mine”
The Allied
Powers
Great Britain
France
Russia
Belgium
Serbia
(and later the
United States)
The Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary,
The Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
3. Countries had a
strong sense of
Nationalismmixed with
Militarism
4. Competition for Colonies.
The “Sick Man of Europe”- the Ottoman
Empire (most of modern Middle East) is
falling apart and nearby nations are eager
to take over.
Militarism: European nations working
to grow their military
Alliance System: European nations
partnered with one another and agreed
to back one another if attacked
Imperialism: European nations were
fighting for territory and trade
Nationalism: European nations had
pride in one’s nation
Causes of the War (MAIN)
Reasons the United States Entered the War
1. U.S. had economic and political ties to
Great Britain
2. Interception of the Zimmerman
Telegram
The Zimmerman Telegram• In January of 1917, British
cryptographers deciphered a
telegram from German Foreign
Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the
German Minister to Mexico, offering
United States territory to Mexico in
return for joining the German cause
(Central Powers).
Zimmerman Telegram - Encrypted
Zimmerman Telegram - Deciphered
3. Sinking of the Lusitania German U-
boats were sinking allied ships, including
those carrying civilians. In May, 1915,
Germany torpedoed and sank the Lusitania,
killing more than 1,200 passengers and crew – Americans were outraged!
U-Boats sink the Lusitania in
1915• http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-
i/lusitania# (2:04)
Sinking of the Lusitania- Propaganda
4.Inability
to remain
neutral
The U.S. Enters
World War I
The world must
be made safe for
democracy!
President Wilson
America’s Response
►President Woodrow Wilson finally
agrees to enter the war in 1917.
►Asking Congress for a declaration of
war, Wilson says that it will be a “war
to end all wars”.
• Progress in
science and
technology
made warfare
increasingly
destructive
• Both sides
created new
weapons and
improved old
ones
1. Poison gas…
…American soldiers wore gas masks to
protect them from the poison gas
3. Submarines or U-boats
4. Airplane
Assaults
Since the first airplane wasn’t
invented until 1903…
the technology wasn’t
the best.
5. Trench Warfare
Life in a Trench
• http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-
i/world-war-i-history/videos/life-in-a-trench
• (4:00)
Other Technologies of WWI6. Automatic Weapons
7. Helmets
8. Flamethrowers
9. Barbed Wire
Germany Fighting on Two Fronts
Germany Fighting on Two Fronts►Germany planned to first defeat France and then
turn to Russia since it would take Russia longer to
mobilize.
►Trench warfare was slow and deadly- battle lines
barely moved and going “over the top” of the trench
to storm the other side was usually a death
sentence.
►Germany was nearing Paris when America entered
the war.
►*Note: Russian Revolution in 1917 took Russia out
of the war.
America’s Role►Wilson called for a draft to increase the size of
the army.
►America was short on supplies, troops, and
training.
►It took almost a year for America to make it to
the Western Front.
►In the summer of 1918 American forces
helped hold the lines in France and push
Germany back.
North Carolina’s Role►NC sent over 86,000 troops to fight in the
war.
►In just five short months of combat,
America suffered 54,000 casualties on the
battlefield, including over 800 from NC.
►1,500 NC soldiers died of disease during
the war (mostly influenza).
The Homefront►Civilians were encouraged to:
Enlist in the military
Buy War Bonds
Ration Valuable Supplies (gasoline, metal,
etc)
Eat Less and Waste Nothing
Join organizations such as the Red Cross
World War I Ends
On November 11, 1918 -
a cease-fire stopped the fighting.
Germany and Allies sign an Armistice.
• The allies agreed on the Treaty of Versailles (sound familiar?) to formally end the war
• http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles (1:55)
• President Wilson helped write the Treaty of Versailles
Germany was forced to pay war reparations and give up some of its territory.
Many say that the result of this war directly paved the way to the second world
war 20 years later.
How is this map different from a map before WWI?
After-Effects of the War►Soldiers returned home “shell-shocked” (most likely
what we would know as PTSD- Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder).
►Americans were disillusioned following the war,
ushering in the “Roaring 20s”.
►Totalitarian leaders eventually came to power in
Germany (Hitler) and USSR (Stalin).
►Europe was left broken and broke.
KEY VOCABULARY WORD!!
What was the League of Nations?
• International
peace-keeping
organization
formed after
WWI to settle
disputes
peacefully and
prevent future
wars
But…The United States decided NOT to
join the League of Nations…
because…
The U.S.
Senate
rejected the
Treaty of
Versailles
and so…
they never
joined the
League of
Nations
WHY?
The United States
thought the
nation should
return to a policy
of “isolationism”
or remaining
separate from
other countries
BUT…
The other
countries signed
the
Versailles Treaty
and so the
League of
Nations
was formed.
What are the 2 different opinions about
the League of Nations?
Impact of WWI
►http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles/videos/the-one-thing-you-should-know-about-wwi
(4:00)