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1 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES – 2019
GENERAL STUDIES - 10
Answer Key
Ans:1)(c)
Explanation: Option (a) is not correct as Jute
is not grown in Maharashtra and Gujarat and also it largely concentrated in the states of
Eastern India including West Bengal, Bihar,
parts of Uttar Pradesh.
Option (b) is incorrect as Cotton is not largely
concentrated in Uttar Pradesh.
The most appropriate option is Option (c).
Ans:2)(b)
Explanation: New seed varieties of wheat
(Mexico) and rice (Philippines) known as high
yielding varieties (HYVs) were available for cultivation by mid-1960s. India took
advantage of this and introduced package
technology comprising HYVs, along with
chemical fertilizers in irrigated areas of
Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh,
Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat.
Ans:3)(a)
Explanation: Population data are collected
through Census operation held every 10
years in our country. The first population census in India was conducted in 1872 but
its first complete census was conducted only
in 1881.
Ans:4)(b)
Explanation: As per census 2011, the population of the states is as follows:
1. West Bengal 9,13,47,736
2. Bihar 10,38,04,637
3. Maharashtra 11,23,72,972
4. Uttar Pradesh 19,95,81,477
Ans:5)(d)
Explanation: All the given pairs are correctly
matched. Kota in Rajasthan has nuclear
energy plant. Wind power plant at Lamba in
Gujarat in Kachchh is the largest in Asia. There is a geothermal energy plant at
Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh.
Ans:6)(a)
Explanation: First 2 statements are correct and third statement is incorrect.
Union Territories (excluding Andaman and
Nicobar Islands) have high densities of
population as per census 2011.
Ans:7)(b) Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect as
stationary phase of growth is not marked by
an overall improvement in health and
sanitation throughout the country brought
down the mortality rate, rather it has high mortality rate due to poor medical facilities.
Option (c) is incorrect as this phase of
population explosion is marked by steep fall
in mortality rate.
Option (d) is incorrect as none of the given
statements talks about decrease in population growth.
Ans:8)(b)
Explanation: As per census 2011 the share
of adolescents i.e., up to the age group of 10-19 years is about 20.9 percent, among which
male adolescents constitute 52.7 percent and
female adolescents constitute 47.3 percent.
Ans:9)(c)
Explanation: Muslims, the largest religious minority, are concentrated in Jammu &
Kashmir, certain districts of West Bengal and
Kerala, many districts of Uttar Pradesh, in
and around Delhi and in Lakshadweep. They
form majority in Kashmir valley and Lakshadweep.
Ans:10)(c)
Explanation: In India people migrate from
rural to urban areas mainly due to poverty,
high population pressure on the land, lack of basic infrastructural facilities like health
care, education, etc. Apart from these factors,
natural disasters such as, flood, drought,
cyclonic storms, earthquake, tsunami, wars
and local conflicts also give extra push to migrate. On the other hand, there are pull
factors which attract people from rural areas
to cities. The most important pull factor for
majority of the rural migrants to urban areas
is the better opportunities, availability of
regular work and relatively higher wages.
Ans:11)(d)
Explanation: Work and employment have
remained the main cause for male migration
(38 percent) while it is only three percent for the females. Contrary to this, about 65
percent of females move out from their
parental houses following their marriage. This
is the most important cause in the rural
areas of India except in Meghalaya where
reverse is the case. In Meghalaya men move into women’s house when they get married.
2 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Ans:12)(c)
Ans:13)(d)
Explanation: Rice is a Kharif crop and Vegetables are mostly grown in April to June
and are known as Zaid crops. Cucumber is a
Zaid crop.
Ans:14)(a)
Explanation: In West Bengal farmers grow three crops of rice called ‘aus’, ‘aman’ and
‘boro’.
Ans:15)(a)
Explanation: The crop rice satisfies all the conditions mentioned in the given
statements. Among the given crops only rice
is grown twice or thrice in West Bengal and
Southern States of India.
Ans:16)(d) Explanation: It is primarily a crop of
temperate zone. Having temperature range of
21-26° celcius in summer and 10-15° celcius
in winters.
It is a rabi crop. It is grown under rainfed conditions in
Himalayan highlands and parts of Malwa
plateau in Madhya Pradesh
Ans:17)(d)
Explanation: The coarse cereals together occupy about 16.50 percent of total cropped
area in the country. Among these, jowar or
sorghum alone accounts for about 5.3
percent of total cropped area. It is main food
crop in semi-arid areas of central and southern India. Maharashtra alone produces
more than half of the total jowar production
of the country. Other leading producer states
of jowar are Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh,
Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It is sown in
both Kharif and Rabi seasons in southern states.
Ans:18)(a)
Explanation: Pulses are a very important
ingredient of vegetarian food as these are rich sources of proteins. These are legume crops
which increase the natural fertility of soils
through nitrogen fixation. India is a leading
producer of pulses and accounts for about
one-fifth of the total production of pulses in
the world.
Ans:19)(a)
Explanation: Maize is a food as well as
fodder crop grown under semi-arid climatic
conditions and over inferior soils. It requires temperature from 21-27° C and rainfall of
around 50-100cm.
Ans:20)(d)
Explanation: The oilseeds are produced for
extracting edible oils. Groundnut, rapeseed
and mustard, soyabean and sunflower are the main oilseed crops grown in India.
Ans:21)(a)
Explanation: The Highlights of National
Water Policy 2002.
Irrigation and multipurpose projects should
invariable include drinking water component, wherever there is no alternative source of
drinking water.
Providing drinking water to all human beings
and animals should be the first priority.
Measures should be taken to limit and
regulate the exploitation of groundwater.
Both surface and groundwater should be
regularly monitored for quality. A phased
programme should be undertaken for improving water quality.
The efficiency of utilization in all the diverse
uses of water should be improves.
Awareness of water as a scarce resource
should be fostered.
Conservation consciousness should be
promoted through education, regulation,
incentives and disincentives.
Major highlights of National Water Policy
2012
Emphasis on comprehensive legislation for
optimum development of interstate rivers and
river valleys.
Emphasis on the need for a National Water
Framework.
Adaptation strategies in the view of climate
change.
Ans:22)(a)
Explanation: A mineral is a natural
substance of organic or inorganic origin with
definite chemical and physical properties. The vast alluvial plain tract of north India is
devoid of minerals of economic use.
Ans:23)(c)
Explanation: Bauxite and Copper are the
examples of non-ferrous metallic minerals. Limestone and Graphite are non-metallic
minerals.
Ans:24)(a)
Explanation: Minerals have certain characteristic. These are unevenly distributed
over space. There is inverse relationship in
quality and quantity of minerals i.e. good
quality minerals are less in quantity as
compared to low quality minerals. The third
main characteristic is that all minerals are exhaustible over time.
3 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of
Mica. Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh is
famous for its mica (crude) production.
Rajasthan is the second largest producer of Mica in India.
Ans:25)(c)
Explanation: Most of the metallic minerals in
India occur in the peninsular plateau region
in the old crystalline form. Over 97 percent of coal reserves occur in the valleys of Damodar,
Sone, Mahanadi and Godavari. Petroleum
reserves are located in the sedimentary
basins of Assam, Gujarat and Mumbai High
i.e. off-shore region in the Arabian Sea. New reserves have been located in the Krishna-
Godavari and Kaveri basins. Krishna
Godavari and Kaveri basins are not known for
coal reserves.
Ans:26)(c) Explanation: The south-western plateau
region extends over Karnataka, Goa and
contiguous Tamil Nadu uplands and Kerala.
This belt is rich in ferrous metals and
Bauxite. It also contains high grade iron ore, manganese and limestone. This belt packs in
coal deposits except Nayveli lignite.
This belt does not have as diversified mineral
deposits as the north-eastern belt. Kerala has
deposits of monazite and thorium, bauxite
clay. Goa has iron ore deposits.
Ans:27)(d)
Explanation: North Western region extends
along Aravali in Rajasthan and part of
Gujarat and minerals are associated with Dharwar system of rocks. Copper, zinc have
been major minerals. Rajasthan is rich in
building stones i.e. sandstone, granite,
marble. Gypsum and Fuller’s earth deposits
are also extensive. Dolomite and limestone
provide raw materials for cement industry. Gujarat is known for its petroleum deposits
and it is the largest producer of petroleum in
India.
Ans:28)(d) Explanation: Mayurbhanj, Bailadila and
Ratnagiri are the famous iron ore mines of
India. Mayurbhanj is in Odisha Bailadila is in
Chhattisgarh and Ratnagiri is in
Maharashtra.
Ans:29)(a)
Explanation: Coal is a one of the important
minerals which is mainly used in the
generation of thermal power and smelting of
iron ore. Coal occur in rock sequences mainly of two geological ages, namely Gondwana and
tertiary deposits.
About 80 percent of the coal deposits in India
is of bituminous type and is of non-coking
grade. Jharia coal field is in Jharkhand not
Bihar.
Ans:30)(b)
Explanation: Naharkatiya is in Assam, not
Rajasthan.
Ans:31)(c) Explanation: Shyness of contact with
community at large is the criteria to declare
ST, not to have extensive contact with
community at large. Indication of primitive
traits, distinctive culture and geographic isolation and backwardness are other criteria
for declaring schedule tribe. These
parameters are not mentioned in the
constitution but these criteria have been fully
established. More than 700 tribes have been
notified under article 342 of the constitution. Hence option (c) is correct.
Ans:32)(b) Explanation: These may be a number of
geometrical forms and shapes such as: Rectangular pattern: Such patterns of rural
settlements are found in plain areas or wide
inter-montane valleys. The roads are
rectangular and cut each other at right
angles.
T –shaped settlements develop at tri-junctions of the roads. Y–shaped settlements
emerge as the places where two roads
converge on the third one and houses are
built along these roads. Cruciform
settlements develop on the cross-roads and
houses extend in all the four direction. Double village: These settlements extend on
both sides of a river where there is a bridge or
a ferry.
Ans:33)(b)
State Location
Gujarat Koyali
Uttar Pradesh Mathura
West Bengal Haldia Assam Digboi
4 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Ans:34)(b)
Explanation: The Census 2011 is the 15th
National census survey conducted by the
Census Organization of India. Mr. C. Chandramouli is the Commissioner and
Registrar General of the Indian 2011 Census.
The national census survey covered all the 28
states of the country and 7 Union territories
including 640 districts, 497 cities, 5767
tehsils and over 6 lakh villages. According to the census reports of Indian Census 2011,
the population of India is 1,210,193,422 with
623, 724, 248 males and 586,469, 174
females. The total literacy rate in the country
at present is 74.04. A person, who can only read but cannot
write, is not considered as ‘literate’. It is not
necessary that a person should receive any
formal education or pass any minimum
education standard. Literacy can also be
achieved in adult literacy classes or through any non-formal education system. People who
are blind but can read in braille have been
treated as literates.
The lowest literacy rate in India is seen in the
state of Bihar. Top Literate States (According Census
2011)
1. Kerala 94.00 %
2. Lakshadweep 91.85 %
3. Mizoram 91.33 %
4. Goa 88.70 %
Ans:35)(a)
Explanation: “Hidden hunger is a lack of
vitamins and minerals. Hidden hunger occurs
when the quality of food people eat does not meet their nutrient requirements, so the food
is deficient in micronutrients such as the
vitamins and minerals that they need for
their growth and development.
The production of pulses and edible oil in
India has remained insufficient making India dependent on imports. The demand for these
food commodities is expected to increase in
future substantially. IARI has developed
mustard varieties suitable for unconventional
areas that can boost oil seed production. The Institute has also initiated the development of
synchronous-maturity pigeon-pea hybrids
and varieties, apart from chickpea. These
technologies will enhance the productivity of
pulses and edible oils to meet our domestic
requirements. India imports pulses from Australia, Canada, Myanmar etc.
The demand of edible oils (extracted from
oilseeds in addition to palm oil) is
significantly higher than the domestic
production, leading to dependence on imports (60% of requirement).
Extra information: India has around 2.4
percent of the world’s land resources and 5
percent of water resources. Yet, Indian
agriculture system supports 18 percent of the
world population.
Ans:36)(a)
Explanation: Commercial Livestock Rearing
(Ranching) is the capital intensive and
organised rearing of animals on scientific
lines. The main features of Commercial
Livestock rearing are: 1. It is practised in permanent ranches.
2. The rearing of animals is being undertaken
scientifically.
3. Fodder crops and grasses are cultivated to
feed the animals. 4. Special breeds of animals are reared to give
maximum yields of milk and meat.
5. Great emphasis is given on genetic
improvement, disease control and health care
of animals.
6. Every activity is carried out mechanically. 7. It is mostly practised in developed countries
such as New Zealand, Australia, Argentina
and United States of America.
Ranches are large areas of pastures. These
ranches are divided into a number of parcels which are fenced. When the grass of one
parcel is grazed, animals are moved to
another parcel. The number of animals in a
ranch is kept according to the carrying
capacity of pasture.
Ans:37)(b)
Explanation: Primitive subsistence
agriculture or shifting cultivation is widely
practised by many tribes in the tropics,
especially in Africa, South and Central America and South East Asia.
The vegetation is usually cleared by fire, and
the ashes add to the fertility of the soil.
Shifting cultivation is thus, also called slash
and burn agriculture.
It is prevalent in tropical region in different names, e.g. Jhuming in North eastern states
of India, Milpa in Central America and Mexico
and Ladang in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Ans:38)(c) Explanation: Road transport is the most
economical for short distances as compared
to railways. Roads are important than other
modes of transport because it offers door to
door services. They provide long distance
links through highways, motorways and autobahn. Due to increase in the size of
Lorries and its power, roadways can now
carry large and heavy goods. The quality of
roads varies greatly between countries
because the construction and maintenance is very high which is a limitation.
5 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Ans:39)(d)
Ans:40)(d)
Explanation: The Indira Gandhi Canal is one of the largest canal projects in India. It starts
from the Harike Barrage at Harike, a few
kilometers below the confluence of the Satluj
and Beas rivers in the Indian state of Punjab
and terminates in irrigation facilities in the
Thar Desert in the north west of Rajasthan state.
The canal enters Haryana from Punjab near
Lohgarh village then runs through the
western part of the Sirsa district before
entering Rajasthan near Kharakhera village in the Tibbi tehsil of the Hanumangarh
district.
The idea of bringing the waters from the
Himalayan Rivers flowing through Punjab
and into Pakistan was conceived by an
hydraulic engineer, Kanwar Sain in the late 1940s.
Ans:41)(d)
Explanation: All the statements are correct. Additional information: The methane hydrate
is highly flammable and energy-intensive fuel
as one cubic metre of the compound can
releases about 160 cubic metres of gas. It is
also known as fire and ice. It is found in the
permafrost region and deep in the ocean. It can break down into water and methane
after temperature is raised or pressure is
lowered. It is likely to be the world’s last great
source of carbon-based fuel and has potential
to be a revolutionary energy source that could
cater future energy needs. Its vast deposits
exist underneath all around the globe, especially on the edge of continental shelves.
Ans:42)(a)
Explanation:
Ans:43)(a)
Explanation: Jaisalmer is a popular tourist spot in Rajasthan. Along with Jodhpur and
Bikaner it forms the famous Desert Triangle.
These are the famous cities in Rajasthan with
its deserts.
Ans:44)(d) Explanation: The overseas trade depends on
several factors such as:
1. Difference in natural resources
2. Scarcity of goods
3. Marketable surplus 4. Disparities in economic growth
5. War and peace
6. Transport and communication
7. Trade policy
8. Political relations, etc.
6 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Ans:45)(d)
Explanation: Ennore port is in state of Tamil Nadu. This port has been recently developed to
reduce pressure of traffic on Chennai port.
Ans:46)(a)
Explanation: Factors affecting Inland Waterways:
1. The river and canals should have regular flow
of sufficient water.
2. The presence of waterfalls, Cataracts and
sharp bends in the course of river hinders the development of waterways.
3. Silting of the river bed reduces the depth of
water and creates problems for navigation.
Desilting of river beds is a costly affair.
4. Diversion of water for irrigation purposes
reduces the quantity of water in the river channel and should be done carefully.
5. There should be sufficient demand for
waterways to make it economically viable
mode of transportation.
Therefore, only statement 1 is favorable for
the development of inland waterways.
Ans:47)(c)
Explanation: Air transport is not as flexible
as the road transport. In road transport,
buses and trucks may be stopped anywhere and at any time on the road for loading and
unloading purposes whereas airlines do not
provide such flexibility.
Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi is
the busiest airport in India in terms of
passengers and Cargo both. UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) scheme
aims to provide regional connectivity to
unserved and underserved regions of the
country.
Ans:48)(a)
Explanation: The Amritsar-Delhi-Kolkata Industrial Corridor will cover the seven states
of India namely Uttar Pradesh, Punjab,
Haryana, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand
and West Bengal.
Ans:49)(d)
Explanation: All the three statements are
correct. India was one of the first countries in
Asia to recognize the effectiveness of Export
Processing Zone (EPZ) model in promoting
exports with Asia’s first EPZ set-up in Kandla in 1965. In order to overcome the
shortcomings due to multiplicity of controls
and clearances, absence of world class
infrastructure, and an unstable fiscal regime
and for attracting larger foreign investments
in India, the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Policy was announced in April, 2000.
Incentives and facilities to SEZ developers
Exemption from customs/ excise duties for
authorized operations.
Income Tax exemption on income derived
from business of development of SEZ.
Exemption from minimum alternative tax.
Exemption from dividend distribution tax.
Exemption from sales tax.
Exemption from service tax.
Ans:50)(d) Explanation: The public sector has its own
way of working which is slow and inefficient,
there are often prolonged delays in
completion of the projects.
7 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Most of the public sector projects are plagued
with over capitalization which means the
input-output ratio is unfavorable.
There is a serious problem of under-utilization of capacity in public sector
enterprises.
The prices of most of the communities
produced by PSUs are fixed by the
government and these prices are fixed not on
the basis of profit maximization, rather there fixed keeping the public interest in mind.
Ans:51)(d)
Explanation: The major industrial regions of
India are as follows: 1. Mumbai-Pune Industrial region
2. Hugli industrial region
3. Gujarat industrial region
4. Chotanagpur industrial region
5. Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram industrial
region 6. Bangalore-Tamil Nadu industrial region
7. Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Industrial region
8. Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut Industrial region.
Ans:52)(a) Explanation: India is one of the few countries
that has attained self-sufficiency in
manufacturing wide range of tyres for all its
applications. India has become a major tyre
exporting country and has a track record of
exporting to over 100 countries. India also imports tyres mainly from China and
Thailand.
USA is the largest export destination for
Indian manufactured tyres accounting for
13% of the total export turnover.
Ans:53)(b)
Explanation: Automobile industry globally is
one of the largest industries and is a key
driver of economy. Owing to its deep linkages
with several key segments of industry, automobile industry has a strong multiplier
effect on the economy.
Automobile industry did not exist in India in
the real sense before Independence. Only
assembly work was done from the imported parts.
The automobile industry tends to be located
near iron and steel producing centres
because steel is the basic raw material used
in this industry.
Ans:54)(a)
Explanation: There are three gold fields in
the country, namely Kolar Gold field, Kolar
district, Hutti Gold field in Raichur district (Both in Karnataka) and Ramgiri Gold field in
Anantpur District (Andhra Pradesh).
Ans:55)(d)
Explanation: Mango is the native of monsoon
lands and is grown in areas with temperature from 20°C to 30°C and rainfall 75 to 250 cm.
it can grow in almost all soils of India but
prefers rich clayey loams. It is largely grown
in groves especially near towns and villages
where it has a ready market. UP is the largest producer of Mangoes in India and Andhra
Pradesh is the second largest producer of
Mangoes in India.
Ans:56)(c)
Explanation: Konkan Region lies in the western side of the western ghat and it does
not come under rain shadow zone. North
Plains and central highlands and Eastern
Ghats, Tamil Nadu do not come under rain
shadow zone.
Ans:57)(b)
Explanation: Cropping pattern refers to
proportion of area under different crops at a
given point of time. It gives an idea of relative
importance of different crops in a region or a country at specific time. At the time of
Independence, about three-fourth of the total
cropped area was under food crops. At
present nearly 60% of the total cropped area
is under food crops.
Ans:58)(d)
Explanation: In India both tropical and
temperate crops are grown. India is a vast
country with varied types of relief, climate
and soil condition. Therefore, there is a large variety of crops grown in India.
Ans:59)(a)
Explanation: Apiculture is the practice of
developing and maintaining bee colonies by man. Beekeeping is practiced mainly for
honey, beeswax and for pollinating crops.
Honey is the most important product of
beekeeping. It contains vitamins and a large
number of nutritions elements.
Sericulture is the practice of cultivating silk and silkworms.
China is the largest producer of honey in the
world.
8 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Ans:60)(a)
Explanation:
Ans:61)(b)
Explanation: Massai are the semi nomadic tribes who originated from the lower Nile
valley north of Lake Turkana (Northwest
Kenya) and began migrating south around
the 15th century, and finally settled in Kenya
around 17th and 18th Century. Zambol are
the small minorities in the northwestern South American countries such as Colombia,
Venezuela, Guyana and Ecuador. Nordic are
inhabited in the countries around North and
Baltic Seas. Bantus are primarily found in
Rwanda, Angola, Burundi, Zimbabwe, and South Africa, with some among other nations
in the Southern part of Africa.
Ans:62)(b)
Explanation: Genetically modified (GM)
soyabean was first introduced in 1996, principally to make soyabean crops resistant
to herbicides. Although resisted in some
regions, notably Europe, GM soyabean is now
grown in many parts of the world.
It has been developed by Monsanto. USA is the largest producer of the Soyabean,
not China.
Ans:63)(b)
Explanation: In most species, the sex ratio varies according to the age profile of the
population.
It is divided into four subdivisions:
Primary sex ratio — ratio at fertilization
(post conception)
Secondary sex ratio — ratio at birth
Tertiary sex ratio — ratio in sexually mature
organisms it is also included in enumeration
during population census.
quaternary sex ratio — ratio in post-reproductive organisms
Ans:64)(b)
Explanation: Today, the most rapid
population growth is occurring in parts of
Africa and Latin America, where death rates have fallen sharply, while birth rates remain
fairly high.
Ans:65)(a) Explanation: The arithmetic population density, the number of people divided by the
total land area, is the simplest method to
understand the degree of concentration of
population. Although this method ignores
differences in population distribution within a
9 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
country or a region, it is still better suited to
compare population characteristics of different countries. Physiological or nutritional density is a more refined method of
calculating man-land ratios. It is a ratio between total population and total cultivated
area or cropland.
Ans:66)(d)
Explanation: Gothard Base Tunnel is a
railway tunnel through the Alps in Switzerland.
The Seikan Tunnel is the world's longest
tunnel with an undersea segment (The
Channel tunnel, while shorter, has a longer
undersea segment). It is also the second deepest and the second longest main-line
railway tunnel after the Gotthard Base
Tunnel in Switzerland.
Marmaray is a partially operational rail
transportation project in the Turkish city of
Istanbul. The Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel or Banihal
railway tunnel is an 11.215 km (7 mile)
railway tunnel located in Pir Panjal Range of
middle Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir,
India, north of Banihal town.
Ans:67)(d)
Explanation: There are four major areas of
high population density with more than 100
persons per sq. km. These are as follows:
East Asia, South and Southeast Asia; Northwest Europe; and the Eastern Coast of
North America. In reality, nearly half of the
world population is clustered over just 5 per
cent of the land, while about 33 per cent of
the total land area is virtually uninhabited. Nearly three-quarters of the population, (more
than 75 per cent) in the developed countries
now live in urban environments.
Ans:68)(d)
Explanation: Low Density Frontier Lands: Thinly
populated or uninhabited non-arable areas
which are identified as frontier environments,
occupy more than 60 per cent of the earth’s
land. These include the following:
Dry lands, where lack of precipitation is the
limiting factor and where irrigation has not
been feasible.
Cold lands at the high latitudes where frigid
temperature precludes agriculture.
Major mountain ranges and other
mountainous areas where climate is harsh
and terrain is too rugged to be cultivated.
Wet tropics, where heavy precipitation and
high temperature combine to produce
relatively infertile soils that do not support
intensive permanent cultivation, as well as
high incidence of debilitating diseases such
as malaria.
Remote areas: Over the last century or so,
permanent settlements have been established
in a few remote and difficult environments also. These were mostly uninhabited prior to
the development of locally available mineral
or forest resources, which now used latest
technology.
Ans:69)(d)
Explanation: Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam
are the leading producers of the natural
rubber in the world.
Kerala is the biggest producer of Rubber in
India. The climatic conditions for optimum growth
of rubber trees are:
Rainfall of around 250 centimetres evenly
distributed without any marked dry season
and with at least 100 rainy days per year. Temperature range of about 20 to 34 °C, with
a monthly mean of 25 to 28 °C.
Atmospheric humidity of around 80%.
About 2000 hours sunshine per year at the
rate of six hours per day throughout the year.
Absence of strong winds.
Ans:70)(d)
Explanation: Mediterranean climate is
characterized by rainy winter and dry
summer. Mediterranean agriculture is prominent in semi-arid region in North Africa
and in scattered areas in south-west Europe,
where cultivation of other crops is not viable.
Viticulture or grape cultivation is typical of
the Mediterranean regions. It calls for a
highly intensive form of farming. Not only good conditions of moisture, temperature and
soil are required, but much personal care is
also called for, if the grapes are to be of high
quality.
Distribution
Mediterranean agriculture exists primarily in
the lands that border the Mediterranean Sea in southern Europe, northern Africa and
western Asia.
Farmers in California, Central Chile and the
southwestern part of South Africa and
Australia practice Mediterranean agriculture
as well.
Ans:71)(c)
Explanation: The Linguistic Diversity Index
measures the diversity of languages spoken
in a country. The scale ranges from 0 to 1. An
index of 0 represents no linguistic diversity, meaning that everyone speaks the same
language. An index of 1 represents total
diversity, meaning that no two people speak
10 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
the same language. No country has an index
value of exactly 0 or 1. The Linguistic
Diversity Index can provide insight into the
multicultural nature of countries. Some have high linguistic diversity because of their
geographic position along trade routes. This
is seen in the relatively high linguistic
diversity in Kazakhstan, which was part of
the Silk Road. Other countries have high
linguistic diversity due to the presence of multiple, distinct ethnic groups, as seen in
Bolivia, India, and Chad. Nations with low
levels of linguistic diversity, such as Japan
and Norway, are often culturally
homogeneous.
Ans:72)(a)
Explanation: Subsistence farming might be
defined as having three characteristics. It
involves less-advanced technology; reliance
on machinery and chemicals will not be possible without a global economic network
to support them. The sole objective of the
farmer is to sustain her/his family. Typically,
the production units (farms, fields or
livestock herds) are small and relatively self-sufficient, so that in good years basic needs
of the family are met leaving a small surplus
for storage or trade. Three traditional
subsistence systems are: nomadic herding,
shifting agriculture and intensive subsistence
agriculture. It entails a largely vegetarian way of life which can be a danger of nutritional
deficiencies.
Ans:73)(a)
Explanation: dispersed settlement is the scattered pattern of households in a
particular area. This form of settlement is
common in the rural regions. This type of
settlement pattern is associated with the
nomadic pastoralist communities. Dispersed
settlement is a relatively new phenomenon because humans have all along throughout
the history lived in closed communities.
However, this type of settlement can also be
seen in a highly-productive land where the
reason behind the dispersed settlement is usually socio-cultural or historical.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Isolation of individual households put them
at great risk to breaches in security.
Minimal social interaction between the
households.
Difficult to access public amenities is another
challenge faced by people residing in
dispersed settlements.
Individualism, sentiments of living freely,
customs are protected due to less interaction from the outside world.
Poor sanitation and deplorable drainage
systems are rarely a problem in dispersed
settlements since a few people use these
amenities.
The large size of the land in dispersed
settlements makes it ideal for the employment of machinery in economic
activities for improved productivity.
It is Hamleted settlements where the original
site is not easily distinguishable and the
morphological diversity is rarely noticed.
Such settlements are found in West Bengal, eastern Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and
coastal plains.
Ans:74)(b)
Explanation:
In the past, during the political evolutions of
a state, states were separated by areas, not lines. The function of the intervening area
was to prevent direct contact between the
neighbouring states and it was referred to as
a frontier.
A frontier, can, thus, be defined as a politico-
geographical area, lying beyond defined borders of a political unit into which
expansion could take place (for instance,
European penetration into the Zulu-Natal
area and, in modern times, Antarctica).
Boundary implies the physical limit of
sovereignty and jurisdiction of a state; it is a
manifestation of integration and is oriented inwards.
A boundary is created and maintained by the
will of the government. It has no life of its
own, not even a material existence; a frontier
is a ‘fact of life’ and exists physically on
ground as a dynamic entity.
A boundary is well-defined and regulated by
law. It possesses uniform characteristics. A frontier is a phenomenon of history and, like
history, it is unique.
A boundary is a separating factor whereas a
frontier provides scope for mutual interaction
and exchange.
Ans:75)(a) Explanation: A settlement pattern means the
shape of a settlement. The shape of early
settlement was usually influenced by the
surrounding landscape. A dispersed
settlement pattern is where the buildings are spread out and is often found in upland
areas. A nucleated settlement pattern is
where a lot of buildings are grouped together
and is often found in lowland areas and a
linear settlement pattern is where the
buildings are built in lines and is often found on steep hillsides.
11 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Ans:76)(d)
Explanation: Pickles, papad, basket making
fall in the first group which requires little
capital Investment and a high level of manual labor.
And edible oil and rice mills in the small
industry segment which requires medium
investment and semi-automation. Sugar, jute
and cotton mills are in the large scale sector.
The three segments have come up mainly based on their ability to bring in capital and
capacity to market products.
Ans:77)(b)
Explanation: There may be two causes for overpopulation (i) population growth exceeds
the existing resource base (ii) existing
resources have been depleted. The situation
of overpopulation displays unemployment,
low income inter alia the characteristics. Over
populations may occur either at national level or at regional level. Regional overpopulation
when found in rural areas is attributed to (i)
rapid increase of rural population (ii) skewed
distribution of agricultural land, (iii) lack of
development of non- agricultural sector (iv) low agricultural yield (v) lack of social
development etc.
Ans:78)(d)
Explanation: Russia, China, Kazakhystan
are the leading producers of asbestos. Chile and Peru are the leading producers of
Copper.
Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia are the leading
producers of coffee.
India and Bangladesh are the leading producers of Jute.
Ans:79)(c)
Explanation: Niche plays an important role
in conservation of organisms. Niche is a
description of all the biological, physical and chemical factors that a species needs to
survive, stay healthy and reproduce. No two species have exact identical niches. Types of niche:
1. Habitat Niche – where it lives
2. Food niche- what it eats or decomposes and
what species it competes with
3. Reproductive niche-how and when it
reproduce
4. Physical and Chemical niche- temperature land shape, land slope, humidity and other
requirement.
Ans:80)(a)
Explanation: Dayaks- Groups inhabit Borneo, Indonesia.
Eskimo-Mongoloids inhabit in Canada,
Greenland, Alaska and Siberia.
Fulani-are cattle herders of Nigeria
Jucunda are inhabitants of Brazil.
Ans:81)(d)
Explanation: Regions in different parts of the world have these characteristics.
Countries of Western Europe are most
urbanized and industrialized region of
Europe.
Buddhist culture has its dominance with
regional modification in East Asian culture. South East Asian Culture has been
characterized by transitional culture where
various cultures have intermingled.
Ans:82)(b) Explanation: Paper and Newsprint industry
is a vital and core industry of any country.
The first paper mill in the country was set up
at Serampore (Bengal) in 1832, which failed.
In 1870, a fresh venture was started at
Ballygunj near Kolkata. A planned development of paper and paperboard
industry began after independence. The
location of the industry is greatly influenced
by raw materials and to a lesser extent by
market. Inadequate availability of good quality of cellulose raw material, obsolete
technology, high cost of basic inputs and
environmental issues are some of the major
issues to be addressed by the paper industry
to become globally competitive.
Ans:83)(d)
Explanation: The government announced the
New Industrial Policy in July 1991 in line
with the liberalization measure taken during
the eighties. Since 1956, the number of industries reserved for public sector was 17
which was reduced to 8 in 1991, these are
further reduced later on. Firms with assets
above a certain limit were classified as MRTP
firms permitted to enter selected industries
only and that too on the basis of case by case approval. These were producing much
hindrance for the growth and development of
many large firms. The industrial policy
scrapped the threshold limit of assets in
respect of MRTP and dominant undertakings. It also removed Mandatory convertibility
clause. Under this clause, the financial
institutions followed a mandatory practice of
including convertibility clause in their lending
operation for new projects.
Ans:84)(c)
Explanation: A Kandla Port in Gujarat is a
tidal port.
Mumbai port is a natural harbor in the state
of Maharashtra. Vishakhapatnam port in Andhra Pradesh is
deepest port of India.
12 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Kolkata is a riverine port in state of West
Bengal.
Ans:85)(c)
Explanation: Iron Ore Distribution in India
Hematite and magnetite are the two most
important iron ores in India.
Hematite: Odisha 33%, Jharkhand 26%, Chhattisgarh 18% and rest in Andhra
Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, MP,
Rajasthan, UP.
Magnetite: Karnataka 73%, Andhra Pradesh
14%, Rajasthan 5%, Tamil Nadu 4.9% and
rest in Assam, Bihar, Goa, Jharkhand, Kerala, MH, Meghalaya and Nagaland.
Ans:86)(a) Explanation: physiological or nutritional density is a ratio between total population
and total cultivated area or cropland. In
developing countries where subsistence
agriculture remains the most important economic activity, physiological density
reflects the intensity of agriculture and it
remains high comparatively. In most of these
agricultural countries, virtually all the land,
suitable for crops, is being cultivated. Thus
with population growth, more and more people need to be supported by the existing
cropland.
Ans:87)(b)
Explanation: Ukai Dam, constructed across
the Tapi river is the largest reservoir in Gujarat.
Wular Lake is a large fresh water lake in
Bandipore district in Jammu and Kashmir.
Wular Lake is fed by Jhelum River.
Govind Sagar is a man – made reservoir
situated in Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh. The reservoir on the river Satluj was
formed after the hydel dam at Bhakra was
constructed and has been named in honor of
Guru Govind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru.
Omkareshwar dam is built on the river Narmada.
Ans:88)(a)
Explanation: There are plantations of
rubber, tea, coffee, cocoa, banana, spices,
coconut etc. This type of agriculture is
practiced mainly in Assam, Sub Himalayan West Bengal and in the Nilgiri, Anamalai and
Cardamom hills in the south. Dry paddy,
buck wheat, maize, small millets, tobacco and
sugarcane are the main crops grown under
shifting agriculture.
Ans:89)(c) Explanation: Brain drain is a highly selective
migration motivated by personal ambition for
a superior standard of living offered to the
migrants at developed or industrialized
countries.
The consequences of migration are complex
and affect the economic as well as social systems of both areas of origin and
destination. It inflates the land price and
other resources at the destination due to
increase in demands. It also increases import
as migrants demands goods based on their
social and cultural needs.
Ans:90)(d)
Explanation: One of the most commonly
used methods for analyzing population
structure is the age and sex grouping which
is represented by age and sex pyramid. Vertical axis of such pyramids represent the
age structure of a population by showing age
group at regular intervals while Horizontal
axis of the pyramid is divided vertically into
two halves to represent males and females
separately in which right side representing the females and left side males.
Ans:91)(d)
Explanation: Surface water is available on
the surface of the earth in the form of rivers,
lakes, ponds, canals etc. Among the sources
of surface water nearly 87% exists in lakes, 11% in swamps and 2% in rivers.
The rivers of peninsular India are seasonal in
nature.
Ans:92)(c)
Explanation: The other features of slums are as follows:
The slums usually grow illegally on
government land.
Slums are unplanned quarters which develop
at the edge of main town, example is Kibera
slums which have developed at the edge of
Nairobi city. They are shanty town formed by
many houses of poor quality where people of poor income can afford to live and pay the
rent.
Slums are associated with poor sanitation
due to lack of proper garbage and sewage
disposal
Many of houses in slums are semi -
permanent.
Houses in slums are very cheap since they
are of poor quality and also due to low income of people living in slums
Slums are associated with high crime rate
Houses in slums are very close to each other
and are unplanned
Slums do not have enough supply of water
and power due to their location on the edge of
cities
Many people living in slums are unemployed
There is problem of overcrowding in slums
13 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Percentage of slum population in
Maharashtra is 10.54% of its population and
in Andhra Pradesh, it is 12.04.
Ans:93)(c)
Explanation: A well is a hole dug in the
ground to obtain the sub-soil water. Well irrigation is popular in area where sufficient
ground water is available. These areas
include a large part of north Indian plain,
deltaic region of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna
etc.
Ans:94)(d)
Explanation:
Ans:95)(c)
Explanation: Poultry refers to domestic fowls
which are reared for their flesh only. It
includes chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys etc. Andhra Pradesh along with Telangana has
the largest number of poultry birds. This is
followed by Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, West
Bengal.
As per report from NEERI - Arsenic is fed to
chickens to promote growth and weight gain with less feed. The long term exposure of
arsenic can cause cancer.
Ans:96)(a)
Explanation: It has been constructed on
Narmada River.
The project is beneficial to Gujarat,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and
Maharashtra. It will have generation of about
1450 MW Hydro Power.
Ans:97)(a)
Explanation:
Ans:98)(d)
Explanation: Sindhi and Sahiwal are Milch
breeds of cattle and Nagori is a Milch as well
as draught breed. Nagori breed is native of
Jodhpur.
Ans:99)(a)
Explanation: Physical characteristics of soil
include texture, structure, porosity and
colour. Alluvial soil is suitable soil for the cultivation
of Wheat, Maize, Barley, Gram, Pulses etc.
Clayey loams, fine and heavy soils are
suitable for rice and jute cultivation.
Laterite soil is rich in aluminum and it is
formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Most of the Indian soils are deficient in
nutrients like Nitrogen.
Ans:100)(c)
Explanation: It spreads over vast area along the east coast of the country from
Subarnarekha River in the north to
Kanyakumari in the south. A number of
rivers like Krishna, Godavari, Kaveri etc. in
this region form Delta before draining into
Bay of Bengal. This plain runs parallel to the direction of the
south west monsoon originating in the Bay of
Bengal.
Eastern Coastal plain receives rainfall from
south west monsoon as well as north east monsoon. The Koramandal coast along Tamil
Nadu receives rainfall from north east
monsoon.