Post on 11-Apr-2017
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Realising Africa’s natural potential through renewable resource management
Amandla Resource Development Associates:
Zululand Centre for Sustainable Development [ZCSD] & “Ecosystems”.
Biomass Potential & Feedstock Availability for: A. “Renewables” Power-plant B. Torrefied Wood-pellets for Export C. Combination Export Pellets + Co-Generation
Structure of this Presentation:
Who are Amandla Resources, Ecosystems and ZCSD & Associates Biomass Types and Sources Calorific values of biomass Biomass costs to harvest Power demand in Richards Bay (for example) Biomass harvesting- Timber stumps into chips Biomass harvesting- Timber Brush into bundles Biomass harvesting- Timber Brush into chips Biomass harvesting- Sugar cane into bales Biomass logistics systems and costs Conclusions The way forward
Amandla Resource & Associates’ Primary Objectives (1):
To source sufficient biomass tonnage to fuel green power generation plants and for wood-pellet green-fuel production
To identify the best and most cost effective harvesting and loading/ bundling or in-site chipping system
To identify a cost effective transport system
To secure long-term biomass supply commitments
To identify possible sites for power plants
Identify power take-off customers:(Eskom/ private?).
Amandla Resource & Associates’ Primary Objectives (2):
To assemble coherent feasibility reports and business plans for committed investors and clients, BioMass growers & Suppliers.
To provide project preparation and implementation capacity.
To Manage and Implement approved BioMass –related projects.
To provide for operational staffing up-skilling and mentoring capacity.
In Addition:
Project Finance. R & D support. Skills Development. Community
Development support programs.
Best –practice technical selection.
Who are: “Ecosystems”?
An AMANDLA RESOURCES consulting affiliate focussed on Community development, based in Richards Bay, KZN Province:- Community sustainable development projects Training and skills transfer Integrated waste management Effective Resource utilisation Organic agriculture promotion Eco-village development Business plan development SMME development / mentoring.
A not for profit Section 21 company
Specialising in sustainable community development
Identifying job creation initiatives leading to SMME
Encouraging support for community-based initiatives
Integrating BEE and community job creation opportunities (longer-term), into larger commercial projects
Zululand Center for Sustainable Development [ZCSD]:
Who are “Amandla Resources”?Website: Click here
ARD has been operating in SA since1999 (O’Kelly Consulting cc)
Specialising in physical and human resource development.
Developing sustainable New Business & job creation initiatives.
Creating profitable partnerships between business and Rural communities / community-owned resources in association with ZCSD (implementing agency) and its development associates.
Align investors and appropriate project financing options to ensure project viability towards implementation
TIMBER BIOMASS: (eucalyptus, wattle, pine, Casuarina) Tons per hectare – (140 to 220t/ha over 7 to 25 years)
Root-wood (6%) Stump-wood (5%) Foliage (5.2%) Bark (13.5%) Branch-wood (5%) Stem-wood (burnt timber, coppice) (67.1%).
Sugar Cane Trash (leaves, tops): about 20% of whole-stick harvest. Whole stick green: 60 to 140 tonne/ harvest. Bagasse: Fibrous waste after juice extraction (30%)
BIOMASS TYPES /SOURCES:
Timber Yields and Growth Period
Timber – Eucalyptus Yield - 140 to 280 tons per hectare (MAI 13 to 28) Growth period - 7 to 10 years
Timber- Wattle & Casuarina Yield - 100 to 140 tons per hectare (MAI 8 to 13) Growth period - 7 to 10 years
Timber –Pine Yield - 140 to 220 tons per hectare (MAI 13 to 16) Growth period – 20 to 22 years
Cane Yields and Growth Period
Cane yields: Yield - 60 to 140 tons per Ha ( green stick only) Yield - 14 to 20 tons per Ha (17% Trash and tops) Yield - 18 to 42 tons per hectare (30% bagasse).
Growth period: 12 to 24 months
Depending on soil and climateDepending on irrigation waterDepending on Variety(High Fibre ..or High Sucrose)?
Calorific values of biomass Cane Tops 16.4
Cane Trash 17.4
Bagasse 18.1
Coal 15 - 27.5
Wood Brush 14.4 - 17.4
Wood Chips 16.5 - 18.5
Charcoal 29.6
Pyrolysis Gas 20 - 22
Biomass costs to harvestDescription of
biomass
Estimated R/ton cost to Harvest
Estimated payment to supplier
Sub Total Transport
Sub Total 0-50 km
Profit @ 15% or handling
fee
Estimated Landed
price /Ton Margin
Timber stumps (chips) 225.0 0.0 225.0 48.0 273.0 41.0 R 314 15%Timber brush (bundles) 217.0 25.0 242.0 38.0 280.0 42.0 R 322 15%Timber brush (chips) 144.0 25.0 169.0 48.0 217.0 32.6 R 250 15%RBM (Indigenous bush clear) 183.0 60.0 243.0 38.0 281.0 42.2 R 323 15%Other( pallets, sawdust, wood off-cuts for sawmills) 100.0 25.0 125.0 38.0 163.0 24.5 R 187 15%Sugar cane trash (bales) 161.0 75.0 236.0 38.0 274.0 41.1 R 315 15%Garden waste (chips) 120.0 0.0 120.0 18.0 138.0 20.7 R 159 15%Timber brush from Mbazwane Forests (chips) 119.0 25.0 144.0 175.0 319.0 47.9 R 367 15%
Total Biomass Average
price R 280
GE at ZCSD: April 2009
Power demand: in Richards Bay, KZN.
Company MWBHP Billiton 200BHP Billiton Expansion projects 250Tata Steel 150Pulp United 55Foskor 32Archean India 80Mauri British Foods 10Total Power Required 777
Eskom direct into grid and power wheeled.
Umhlatuze Municipality direct (1.5% wheeling fee).
Richards Bay Minerals & BHP direct.
Direct to large commercial projects in the IDZ and
Other Adjacent locations R’Bay.
Our Customers (R’Bay Area)
Biomass harvesting- Timber stumps into chips
Tonnage availableR’Bay Area
177,000
Source Mondi, Sappi, DAFF. Amalala Group.
Form of biomass Chips(Chipped on-site)
Distance from site 0-50km
Biomass harvesting- Timber Brush into bundles
Tonnage availableR’Bay Area
81,000
Source Sappi and MondiAmalala GroupDAFF + Others
Form of biomass Bundles
Distance from site 0-50km
Biomass harvesting- Timber Brush into chips
Tonnage availableR’Bay area
180,000
Source Sappi, RBM
Form of biomass Chips
Distance from site 0-50km
Biomass harvesting – Other” (pallets, garden waste, sawmill waste into chips):
Tonnage availableR’Bay Area
20,000
Source Local Sawmills, factories, municipality
Form of biomass Chips/ shredded
Distance from site 0-50km
Biomass harvesting- Sugar cane into bales
Tonnage availableR’Bay Area
586,000 to 1m tonne or more
Source Felixton and Umfolozi cane growers, Mtunzini, Noodsberg areas
Form of biomass Bales of sun-dried cane tops and post-harvest trash
Distance from site 0-80km but less than 30km is optimum
Biomass logistics systems and related costs:
Cost per ton (0- 50km) R38.00/ton
Cost per ton ( 150-200km) R170.00/ton
Form of biomass Chips & Logs
Distance from site 0 - 200km
Explanation of the terms used
Gum plantations Pine plantations Wattle & some coastal Casuarina Plantations
Casuarina / Acacia-Wattle/ Pine/ Eucalyptus
Explanation of the terms used (contd):
BrushwoodCoppice Cane Trash Burnt Cane
Equipment Used:Brush Bundler
Equipment Used: Loaders & Forwarders
Bell Timber Loader
Bell Forwarder
JD Forwarder
Equipment Used:CBI Chipper
Equipment Used:Cane /Maize stalk Baler
Conclusions
Biomass and whole round-log timber is available locally.
Smaller plants of 20 to 50 MWe are more viable.
Electricity purchase agreements can now be concluded in all of SA (from National Grid/ Eskom and private enterprise).
Other opportunities in Piet Retief area (Mondi, Sappi 200 000 Ha timber biomass to 1 Million tons available).
Western , Eastern Cape & Mpumalanga Province also have under-utilised potential
The Way Forward:Pre-feasibility funding required for:
Require a time and motion study on the harvesting system needed for each type BioMass.
Specialised Equipment available from Bell, CBI and John Deere also other suppliers Volvo etc
Sign up biomass suppliers (contract) Conclude price of biomass supplied to site Conclude price paid to farmers/ plantation owners Select appropriate factory site to suit logistics / efficiency Conduct Scoping for Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA). Complete feasibility reports and Business plans. Secure adequate funding for initial assessment studies and
plans for development clients
The End
Original presentation by Gavin Eichler : General Manager ZCSD 2009
www.amandlaresources.com