White Man's Burden• Wrote by Rudyard Kipling that characterized the endeavors of

Europeans to conquer each "half-devil and half-child" so they could be converted to Christianity and civilized in the European fashion

British East India Company• A joint-stock company that had exclusive rights over British trade with

India led by Robert Clive.

Robert Clive• Leader of the British East India Company, conquered the Bengal

region (present day Bangladesh) and the island of Ceylon (present day Sri Lanka).

Sepoys• Indians that worked for the British mostly as soldiers, but rebelled

(and failed) when the BEIC disrespected their religious customs.

Bahadur Shah II• Last Mughal ruler in India that was sent into exile.

Indian National Congress• Group of well educated Indians that formed this to begin a path

towards winning independence from Britain.

Afrikaners (Boers)• South African Dutch.

Boer War• A series of wars for the rights to the resources of diamonds and gold

in South African between Boers and the British. British annexed all of South Africa into its empire as a result of reigning supreme.

Muhammad Ali• Defeated the French and Ottomans and gained control of Egypt as

viceroy (Egypt was still apart of the Ottoman Empire technically).

Suez Canal• Canal that connected the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean,

eliminating the need to go around the Cape of Good Hope.

Roosevelt Corollary• Issued by US President Theodore Roosevelt that the United States

would intervene in financial disputes between European powers and countries in the Americas, if doing so would help maintain the peace.

Panama Canal• Canal that connects the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Spanish-American War• War between Spain and the US that America quickly won, and gained

control of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Cuba was given its independence, in exchange for concessions to the US.