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Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE FUTURE PERFECT
TENSE USAGE. A CASE STUDY OF YEAR 3 COLLEGE
STUDENTS.
BY
MISS THANYAPORN THIENKAO
AN INDEPENDENT STUDY PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF ARTS IN CAREER ENGLISH FOR
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
LANGUAGE INSTITUTE, THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY
ACADEMIC YEAR 2016
COPYRIGHT OF THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE FUTURE PERFECT
TENSE USAGE. A CASE STUDY OF YEAR 3 COLLEGE
STUDENTS.
BY
MISS THANYAPORN THIENKAO
AN INDEPENDENT STUDY PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE
OF MASTER OF ARTS IN CAREER ENGLISH FOR
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
LANGUAGE INSTITUTE, THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY
ACADEMIC YEAR 2016
COPYRIGHT OF THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
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Independent Study Paper Title AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE FUTURE
PERFECT TENSE USAGE. A CASE STUDY
OF YEAR 3 COLLEGE STUDENTS.
Author Miss Thanyaporn Thienkao
Degree Master of Arts
Major Field/Faculty/University Career English for International Communication
Language Institute
Thammasat University
Independent Study Paper Advisor Assistant Professor Ketvalee Porkaew, Ph.D.
Academic Years 2016
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate dominant errors of the future
perfect tense and the kinds of grammatical errors made by 30 year three college
students.
The results of the study found that there were three main errors made by
these students: use of tense errors, errors of verb form and errors of omission. The
researcher found that the sources of error were overgeneralization, ignorance of rule
restrictions, incomplete application of rule and false concepts hypothesized.
The findings of this study can be useful for teachers who teach the future
perfect tense in English grammar courses at every level. Moreover, the students can
become more aware of using the future perfect tense in writing and speaking.
Therefore, both learners and educators will be able to improve their future perfect
tense usage which could improve Thai education to be more successful.
Keywords: future perfect tense, errors
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my gratitude to everyone who supported me
throughout this research study.
First of all, I would like to express my grateful appreciation to my
advisor, Assistant Professor Ketvalee Porkaew, Ph.D. for her valuable time and effort
to help me on my study. Besides my advisor, I would like to thank my editor, Aj.Mark
Zent for helping me on grammar checking. I would like to thank all my friends
especially Thinattaya Thaisukho and Wuthinan Imamee who supported me in every
way. My sincere thanks also go to my mother who encouraged me and told me to
never give up. Without her precious support it would not be possible to conduct this
research. Lastly, I wish to thank all teachers, staff of the Language Institute and
especially all students from Chitralada College for helping me. Without these people,
I would not have accomplished my paper.
I am thankful for their time, guidance, comments and kind advice. I am
grateful to them for sharing their sincere and exemplary views on a number of issues
related to the study.
Miss Thanyaporn Thienkao
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT (1)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (2)
LIST OF TABLES (6)
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Justification of Research Topic 2
1.3 Statement of Problem 2
1.4 Research Questions 2
1.5 Significance of the Study 3
1.6 Objectives of the Study 3
1.7 Definitions of Terms 3
1.8 Limitaions of the Study 4
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5
2.1 Concept of Error Analysis 5
2.1.1 Definition of Error Analysis 5
2.1.2 The Difference Between Mistakes and Errors 6
2.1.2.1 Mistakes 6
2.1.2.2 Errors 6
2.1.3 Sources or Causes of Errors 6
2.2 Concept of the Future Perfect Tense 7
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2.2.1 Definition of Tense 7
2.2.2 Definition of Future Perfect Tense 8
2.2.3 Form of the Future Perfect Tense 8
2.2.3.1 Future Perfect Tense in Question Words 8
(1) Yes/No Questions in the Future Perfect Tense 8
(2) Wh- Quetions in the Future Perfect Tense 9
(3) Tag Quetions in the Future Perfect Tense 9
2.2.3.2 Negative Sentences in the Future Perfect Tense 9
2.2.3.3 Positive Sentences in the Future Perfect Tense 9
2.3 The Research Studies on Error Analysis 10
2.3.1 Error Analysis Studies in the Use of Tenses in Thailand 10
2.3.2 Error Analysis Studies in the Use of Tenses in Other Countries 12
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 15
3.1 Subjects 15
3.2 Instrument 15
3.2.1 The Types of Research Tests 15
3.2.2 Test Construction 15
3.3 Collecting the Data 16
3.4 Scoring the Test 16
3.5 Data Analysis 16
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 17
4.1 Data Presentation 17
4.2 Analysis 19
4.3 Discussion 19
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4.3.1 Multiple-choice Item 19
4.3.2 Fill in the Blank Item 20
4.3.3 Sources of Error 21
4.3.3.1 The Errors Caused by Ignorance of Rule Restrictions 21
4.3.3.2 The Errors Caused by Overgeneralization 22
4.3.3.3 The Errors Caused by Incomplete Application of Rule 22
4.3.3.4 The Errors Caused by False Concepts Hypothesized 22
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 24
5.1 Conclusion 24
5.1.1 Kinds of Errors on the Use of Future Perfect Tense 24
5.1.2 Dominant Errors 24
5.2 Suggestion 25
5.3 Recommendations for Future Research 26
REFERENCES 27
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A 31
APPENDIX B 36
APPENDIX C 37
BIOGRAPHY 67
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LIST OF TABLES
Tables Page
4.1 Calssifications of Students Scores 17
4.2 Students' Score and Mark 17
4.3 The Frequency of Students' Score 19
4.4 The Quantification of Errors 20
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
There are many reasons why non-native speakers should learn English.
First of all, as one of the popular language of communication, English is a
compulsory subject in Thailand. Everyone knows that English is the first
foreign language that should be learnt and it is taught from secondary up to
university level. Even though English has been taught from an early age, the
reality of learning a foreign language such as English is not an easy matter.
Most students have learnt English grammar from their elementary school, yet
they still find it difficult to differentiate the use of each grammar function.
Therefore, many efforts are needed in the English teaching and learning
process.
In addition, a language without grammar would be awful and it may
also cause misunderstanding. For this reason, it is certainly an essential thing
for students to understand the grammatical rules of the language in order to
create sentences or use tenses in communication correctly. At any rate, the
problem of determining students’ errors is difficult and involves study and
analysis of their causes.
Among the twelve tenses, this study will focus on analyzing the future
perfect tense usage. The students may have difficulties not only in choosing
tenses pattern correctly or adding the modal auxiliary but also in changing verb
I to verb II and verb III in sentences.
The findings of this study can be useful for teachers who teach the
future perfect tense in English grammar courses at every level. Moreover, the
students can become more aware of using the future perfect tense in writing
and speaking. Therefore, both of learners and educators will be able to
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improve their future perfect tense usage which could make Thai education
more successful.
And the main reason why a researcher decides to focus on the future
perfect tense is that this tense does not exist in Thai language; thus, this tense
would be considered more if Thai students were able to understand what is not
related to their mother tongue.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher chose 30 year three
college students as the subjects. The researcher wanted to analyze the errors
made by the students and hopes that the results will have some pedagogical
implications for English teaching and learning.
1.2 Justification of Research Topic
The perfect tense is one of the most complicated tenses for Thai
students because we do not have this kind of tense in Thai language. As
Petchtae (2011) has done research on error analysis of the present perfect
tense, the researcher decided to conduct an investigation of error analysis of
the future perfect tense.
1.3 Statement of Problem
Most Thai students are unable to correctly use grammar because they
are not native speakers, especially with the future perfect tense. Therefore,
investigating the error analysis of this tense will enable teachers to better
understand students’ misunderstanding in order to fix this problem.
1.4 Research Questions
1. What kinds of future perfect tense errors are made by year three
college students?
2. What are the dominant errors of future perfect tense made by year
three college students?
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1.5 Significance of the Study
This research analyzed the errors in the future perfect tense reflected in
three kinds of tests. The first one was a multiple-choice test. The second was a
fill-in-the-blanks test and the last one was a creating sentences test. The
research findings are expected to provide useful information on students’
errors, which can help teachers to correct students’ mistakes. It will also
improve teachers’ teaching methods because they will know the weaknesses of
their students. On top of that, it will help Thai students to have a better
understanding of basic future perfect tense rules in order to apply this
knowledge correctly to their writing, speaking, or even reading.
1.6 Objectives of the Study
1. To know what kinds of future perfect tense errors are made by year
three college students.
2. To determine the dominant errors of the future perfect tense made
by year three college students.
1.7 Definitions of terms
1. Errors are systematic deviations caused by a lack of knowledge of
the correct rule (Corder, 1983, p. 7), “a noticeable deviation from
the adult grammar of native speaker, reflecting the interlanguage
competence of the second-language learner” (Brown, 1994, p. 205)
and cannot be self-corrected. However, they will be able to correct
their errors, once learners obtain additional knowledge and the
more errors the learners correct, the more conscious they will
become.
2. The future perfect tense implies an action or event that will have
been completed at some time in the future. This tense is formed
with the first auxiliary “will” followed by the second auxiliary
“have” plus the past participle of the verb.
3. Modal auxiliaries relates to the auxiliary “will” and “have” only.
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1.8 Limitation of the Study
1. The total samples size was only 30 year three college students
2. The researcher focused only on the future perfect tense.
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Concept of Error Analysis
2.1.1 Definition of Error Analysis
Error analysis is a process to expose errors found in writing and
speaking. According to Corder (1967), error Analysis is defined as a method
used by teachers and researchers with five steps: collecting a sample of learner
language, identifying errors, describing errors, explaining errors and evaluating
errors. Richards et al. (1985) states that error analysis is the investigation
of errors made by L2 learners. Error analysis may be conducted in order to
find out how well someone understands a language, to discover how a
learner learns a language, and to acquire information on common difficulties
in L2 learning, as an assistant in teaching or in preparing teaching methods.
Dulay, Burt and Krashen, (1982) and Ellis, (2002) define error
analysis as the study of the language acquisition process which indentifies the
strategies used by L2 learners. Therefore, errors can be used to test the
learners’ language performance.
Corder (1981) explains the benefits of error analysis for students,
teachers and researchers. Firstly, it can be a language learning instruments for
learners. Secondly, it shows what types of errors students make or what skills
students have obtained and what else they should learn to the teachers. Thirdly,
as well as for researchers, the error analysis provides proof of how learners
obtain the language and what strategies learners manipulate to accomplish the
learning goal. It is obvious that error analysis is an essential part of language
teaching and learning.
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2.1.2 The Difference Between Mistakes and Errors
In linguistics, it is considered important to distinguish errors from
mistakes because most people wrongly believe they are the same. Some
definitions of mistakes and errors are as follows:
2.1.2.1 Mistakes
Brown (2007; 257) defined mistakes as performance errors, which
both native speakers and second language learners make frequently. These
mistakes are not caused by a lack of competence but by some temporary
disturbances or imperfection in the language production process. However,
native speakers can correct themselves quickly. These mistakes also include
slips of the tongue and random ungrammatical formations.
2.1.2.2 Errors
On the other hand, errors are systematic in that they occur
repeatedly and are not recognized by the learner. They are a part of the
learner's interlanguage, and the learner does not generally consider them as
errors. In other words, errors reflect a gap in a learner’s knowledge that arises
because the learner does not know what is correct (Ellis, 1997). They are errors
only from the perspective of teachers and others who are aware that the learner
has deviated from a grammatical norm. That is, errors cannot be self-corrected
but mistakes can be self-corrected with or without being mentioned to the
speaker.
2.1.3 Sources or Causes of Errors
Regarding errors in language learning, there are the sources and
levels of errors as follows:
A. Brown (1980:173-181) classified sources of error as below:
1) Interlingua transfer; the negative influence of the mother
tongue of the learner.
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2) Intralingua transfer; the negative transfer of items within the
target language
3) Context of learning which relates to both of interlingua
transfer and intralingua transfer.
4) Communication strategies.
B. Richards (1974) classified the sources of errors as follows:
1) Interlingua errors: Mother-tongue interference is the cause
of this type of error. A learner uses his or her first language
to learn and create the target language.
2) Intralingua errors: this kind of error occurs during the
learning process of the L2 language. False analogy,
misanalysis, incomplete rule application, exploiting
redundancy, overgeneralization in the target language,
hypercorrection and overlooking co-occurrence restrictions
are the causes of errors.
C. Norrish (1983:21-26) classified the causes of error into three
types;
1) Carelessness: lack of attention
2) First language interference: happens when the structure of
the two different languages is different.
3) Translation: happens when learners try to translate word by
word from their mother tongue to the second language. It is
likely to happen during conversation because learners focus
more on meaning rather than the structure itself.
2.2 Concept of the Future Perfect Tense
2.2.1 Definition of Tense
According to the New Grolier Webster International Dictionary of
the English Language (1972:1013) tense has been defined as the form of a verb
that shows the time of its action indicating a particular time. In other words,
tense is the inflected form in the declension of verb that indicates the time such
as past, present, or future.
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Regarding the tenses, the English language has twelve different
tenses. These tenses are different from one another. The differences relate to
the forms of the verbs used and the time the action or event takes places.
However, this study focused on the future perfect tense as one of the forms of
the twelve tenses.
2.2.2 Definition of Future Perfect Tense
To use the future perfect tense correctly is very important because
it can make the receivers understand senders easily and allow a person to
understand the messages conveyed even without looking at the expression of
the person who speaking or writing the message. According to Pardiyono
(2007:121), the future perfect tense refers to an action or event that will be
completed sometime in the future before another action or event takes places.
For Example:
I will have finished my MA by this time next year.
In this sentence, the act of operating (“will have finished”) takes
place in the future by this time of next year.
2.2.3 Form of the Future Perfect Tense
According to Cowan (2008:371) the future perfect consisted of the
first auxiliary “will” followed by the second auxiliary “have” and the past
participle of the main verb.
2.2.3.1 Future Perfect Tense in Question Words
(1) Yes/No Questions in the Future Perfect Tense
Will + Subject + have + 3rd form of verb
+Object?
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To make this kind of question, just put the first
auxiliary “will” before the subject and then followed by
the second auxiliary verb have plus the past participle
verb and object.
(2) Wh- Questions in the Future Perfect Tense
Where/why/when/what + had + Subject + 3rd
form of verb +Object?
Start the question with wh- word, then add
auxiliary “will” before subject, and then followed by
second Auxiliary verb “have”, the past participle verb and
object.
(3) Tag Questions in the Future Perfect Tense
Tag questions are those questions that are
answered at the end of the sentence. They can be simply
made by adding auxiliary verbs.
2.2.3.2 Negative Sentences in the Future Perfect Tense
Subject+ will + not +have + 3rd form of verb +Object
When we create negative sentences, we just normally put
“not” in between auxiliary verbs “will” and “have”.
2.2.3.3 Positive Sentence in the Future Perfect Tense
Subject+ will +have + 3rd form of verb +Object
In positive sentences, we simply create the sentences
according to the future perfect tense rules.
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2.3 Research Studies on Error Analysis
2.3.1 Error Analysis Studies on the Use of Tenses in Thailand
Angwatanakul (1975) studied two main kinds of errors, which are
grammatical errors and lexical errors. The results showed that incorrect usage
of verbs happened most, while incorrect usage of tense, article, nouns, and
preposition happened occasionally. Meanwhile, Torut (1991) found that the
most common mistakes were grammatical ones.
Muttavankul (2003) conducted error analysis of tenses usage in
English writing made by 20 paralegals at the ATDS & B law office. The errors
of present simple tense, past simple tense and future simple tense usage were
analyzed and classified. The results revealed that there were two dominant
errors, misuse of auxiliary verbs in interrogative and negative sentences and
misuse of the present simple tense instead of the past tense. The causes of the
errors were also found as follows:
a. Most of Thai people do not understand English tenses since
there is no tense in Thai language.
b. Because there are no tense markers in Thai language. For
examples, in negative sentences of the present tense and past tense,
there are no tense marker for verbs or auxiliary verbs in Thai language.
Tawilapakul (2001) also investigated English tense usage by Thai
University students. Total 75 of first-year students who studied in the
Southeast Asian Studies program were subjects. The significant of this
research was to observe if the impact of the time markers usage in Thai give
any impact on the English tense usage by Thai university students, causes of
errors in English tense usage, and factors of personal differences. A translation
test was an instrument test which needed to be finished within 60 minutes. The
results of this study were as follows:
a. The use of time markers in Thai mostly resulted from negative
transfer to the use of English tense by Thai students.
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b. After analyzing all the errors that occurred in the translation
test, the sources of errors were: overgeneralization, transfer, ignorance
of rule restrictions, incomplete application of rules, and false concepts
hypothesized.
c. Personal differences also impacted the use of English tense by
the students.
Suwangard (2014) examined grammatical error types. Total 30
first-year English -major students studying in a grammar course for 15 weeks
at Uttaradit Rajabhat University in Thailand were subjects. This research
analyzed 1,800 sentences, and the errors which were found in the exercises
were compared to those in the follow-up tests. This research used percentage,
means, and standard deviations. The results indicated the most grammatical
errors were errors in verb tense; other errors included errors in determiners,
nouns, prepositions, sentence structure, adverbs, and adjectives.
Moreover, Bunjantr and Boonoon (2016) studied the analysis of
errors in written English essays. The purpose of this study was to identify the
errors in written English essays of 22 final-year undergraduate English -major
students at Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat, Sakonnakhon Province
campus. These students were non-native English speakers and from similar
backgrounds with poor English writing skills. Error analysis consisted of: a
collection of learners’ writing, identification of errors, description of errors,
explanation of errors, and evaluation of errors. In this study, the students were
divided randomly into four groups. They were asked to write an essay using
specific grammatical features. The errors that occurred were analyzed and
classified as grammatical, syntactic, and lexical errors. It was found that the
errors that occurred in students’ essays involved: article usage, preposition
usage, subject-verb agreement, word order, verb tense, singular and plural
forms, fragments, and the use of irregular verbs.
Finally, Bosuwon (2013) investigated non-native EFL teachers’
awareness and tolerance of Thai undergraduates’ syntactic writing errors. The
instrument for collecting data in the study was a twenty-page English-version
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questionnaire based on 19 types of the written errors by Thai students’ directly
experienced by the researcher and revealed by other research. Excluding
miscellaneous errors, the results show that 16 errors were moderately found
(41-60%) followed by two other errors, i.e., article and verb tense (61-80%).
The top-five frequently found errors included article, verb tense, run-on
sentence, fragment, and subject-verb agreement respectively. Five errors with
percentages of L1 interference close to 50% or higher were word order,
fragment, run-on sentence, over-marking of conjunctions, and singular or
plural forms. Among all given intralingua causes, incomplete application of
rules and ignorance of rule restrictions received higher percentages than others.
Regarding teachers’ tolerance of the 19 errors, all except one error
(preposition) were to be corrected immediately, or as soon as possible. There
was no correlation between error frequency and error tolerance except from
article (insertion) and subject-object pronoun. There was also no correlation
between error type (global or local) and error tolerance except for verb tense
(sequence) and modal verb.
2.3.2 Error Analysis Studies on the Use of Tenses in Other
Countries
Firstly, Muftah & Rafik-Galea (2013) examined error analysis of
present simple tense in the interlanguage of adult Arab English language
learners. The subjects were undergraduate adult Arabic speakers who learned
English as a second language. The study obtained data from two kinds of
instruments which were a grammaticality judgment task and an elicited written
production task. These instruments were designed to examine the learners’
underlying knowledge of present simple tense morphology in the
Interlanguage (ILG) of adult Arab English language learners. The research
suggested that adult Arab English language learners were likely to have
difficulty mastering the use of the 3sg –s due to first language (L1)
interference. The most common error types found are omission, phonological
similarity, incorrect suffixation and substitution.
Secondly, Heckler and Edward (1983) investigated the acquisition
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of the auxiliary verbs by ESL learners. Total 36 adult learners of English as a
second language at three levels were subjects. Their mother-tongue were
Japanese, Arabic, or Spanish. Three kinds of tests were given to subjects,
which consisted of oral production, written production and written reception.
Nineteen verb structures were examine. The results revealed that the more
advanced the students’ English level, the better their performance in this study.
The subjects could not perform productive tasks as well as receptive tasks.
Little variation in performance was found between real and nonsense verbs.
Thomas (2014) did error analysis of English tense usage by first -
year engineering students from Tamil medium schools. This study analyzed
the English language efficiency of the first year engineering students who had
their school education in regional medium. The research discussed the types of
errors, causes of errors in tenses usage and remedial suggestions to improve
their ability in English. The results reveal that errors are caused by lack of
sufficient exposure and practice in studying English.
Koo and Koh (1994) investigated the present perfect tense usage.
the subjects of this study. The subjects were seventeen students in Singapore
and the instrument was to write an essay. It was found that the most
problematic errors were in the area of verbs and tenses. The results showed
that the major cause of errors was interference from their mother tongue.
Lian (1998), studied the past tense usage by Chinese students from
Singapore and Hong Kong. Data were retrieved from a corpus of compositions
written by both countries students. The paper looked at L1 transfer from
Chinese, how learners establish and maintain contextual temporality in their
written discourse, and difference between the two groups of learners. It was
found that such difference was systematic, even though there was a constant
change of tense. Factors influencing past tense making were discussed in the
light of findings, which focused on semantic categories of verbs, contextual
frames and lexical-aspectual marking.
Ratnah (2013) aimed to find out types, sources and causes of errors
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on using tenses in translating from Indonesian into English which made by the
first semester students of Tour and Travel department, academic year
2012/2013. The results revealed that types of error students made in using
tenses were error of omission, error of addition, and error of selection
particularly in using verb, time markers and auxiliary verb usage. The sources
of errors were intralingual error and interlanguage errors. And the causes of
error were interference, overgeneralization, ignorance of rule restriction, and
false concept hypothesized.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the procedure and design used to conduct this
study. It contains information about subjects, the instrument of study,
collecting data, scoring process and data analysis.
3.1 Subjects
The subjects of this study were 30 year three college students between
21 to 23 years old. The subjects were both male and female students who
studied in marketing, food and beverage, and business computer major. They
were randomly chosen for this study.
3.2 Instrument
3.2.1 The Types of Research Tests
The instrument used in this study consisted of two types of
proficiency tests that the researcher adapted from Astuti (2014) as follows:
1. Part one was demographic data of subjects (see Appendix A).
2. Part two was a multiple-choice test consisting of 30 items (see
Appendix A).
3. Part three was fill in the blank test consisting of 15 items with
15 blanks. In this part, 10 items of the future perfect tense were
mixed with 5 items of other tenses in order to see if students
actually understand the concept of Future Perfect tense (see
Appendix B).
3.2.2 Test Construction
The instruments chosen were a multiple-choice test and a fill-in-
the-blanks test. Multiple-choice tests have the obvious advantage of objectivity
as well as ease of administration and scoring. Fill-in-the-blank tests are also a
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highly reliable method of measuring the level of ability of future perfect tense
usage. (Oller, 1979)
3.3 Collecting the Data
The multiple-choice test and fill-in-the-blank test were distributed
randomly by hand to 30 year three college students. They were given 60
minutes to complete the test.
3.4 Scoring the Test
The answer sheets of the multiple-choice test and fill-in-the-blanks test
were checked manually. A correct answer was worth one point only.
3.5 Data Analysis
Percentage was used for data analysis to organize and categorize the
data when the multiple-choice test and fill-in-the-blanks test were collected
and the result will be presented as follows:
1. Multiple-choice test (see Appendix A)
a. Summary of number of correct and incorrect answers found
in multiple-choice test
b. Summary score that students obtained
c. Summary of the answers (each chosen multiple choice
A,B,C,D)
2. Fill in the blank test (see Appendix B)
a. Summary of total correct answers found in fill in the blank
test
b. Summary of total score from each student in percentage
c. Summary of total students that answered each question
correctly
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CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents data analysis and discussion. It is divided
into three parts; Data presentation, Analysis, and Discussion.
4.1 Data Presentation
As previously stated in chapter I, the first objective of this research
was to determine what kinds of future perfect tense errors were made by year
three college student. Table 4.1 shows classification of the scores made by
students and Table 4.2 presents the result of students’ score as follows:
Table 4.1: Classifications of Students Scores
No Score Mark Mark Description
1 96-100 A Excellent
2 90-95 A- Very Good
3 80-89 B Good
4 70-79 B- Good Enough
5 60-69 C Enough
6 50-59 D Bad
7 Below 49 E Very Bad
Table 4.2: Students’ Score and Mark
No. Score Grade Mark of
description
The Most Dominant
Errors students made
1 13.33 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
2 23.33 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
3 26.67 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
4 30 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
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5 13.33 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
6 23.33 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
7 26.67 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
8 36.67 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
9 73.33 B- Good Enough Use of tense errors
10 16.67 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
11 36.67 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
12 16.67 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
13 30 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
14 30 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
15 23.33 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
16 16.67 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
17 16.67 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
18 23.33 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
19 20 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
20 13.33 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
21 23.33 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
22 56.67 D Bad Use of tense errors
23 23.33 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
24 20 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
25 13.33 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
26 30 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
27 36.67 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
28 26.67 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
29 16.67 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
30 16.67 E Very Bad Use of tense errors
Total scores= 773.34 Average score = 25.78
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4.2 Analysis
Table 4.3: The Frequency of Students’ Score
No. Mark Mark Description Total
Mark Percentage
1 A Excellent 0 0%
2 A- Very Good 0 0%
3 B Good 0 0%
4 B- Good Enough 1 2.50%
5 C Enough 0 0%
6 D Bad 1 2.50%
7 E Very Bad 38 95%
Total 40 100%
From the result of score above, the average score of the students was
25.78. Based on the table, it can be concluded that no students got a score of
“excellent”, “very good”, or “good”. Meanwhile, a “good enough” score was
obtained by only one student, which was No.9. An “enough” score was also
achieved by no one. Only one student got a “bad” score which was No.22.
A total of 38 students obtained a “very bad” score which indicated that
these college students could not master the concept of future perfect tense.
4.3 Discussion
4.3.1 Multiple-choice test
Regarding the multiple-choice tests, it was found that the most
dominant errors were the use of tense errors. Students did not understand the
concept of the future perfect tense due to lack of sufficient exposure and
practice in the case of L2 learning. The results of test reveals that out of 900
items, students gave the correct answer only for 231 items or 26%, while 669
items or 74 % were incorrect answers.
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It is obvious that in this case the students seemed to lacked of
knowledge of tenses patterns. The point of the test in this item was to measure
students’ capability in understanding the use of tenses on specifically the
future perfect tense pattern.
4.3.2 Fill-in-the-Blank test
After collecting and analyzing the data, three hundred and forty
seven errors (347) were found.
The errors students made can be classified as follows:
- Use of tense errors: students used the wrong pattern /
structure (E.1).
- Verb form errors: student made errors in the use of verb
(E.2)
- Omission: students omitted one or several elements of
the pattern of a sentence (E.3)
Various kinds of students’ errors are demonstrated in Appendix C
and the result of the quantification of students’ errors can be tabulated as
follows:
Table 4.4: The Quantification of Errors
No. Kind of Error Total of Error Percentage
1. Use of tense errors 322 93%
2. Verb form errors 14 4%
3. Omission 10 3%
Total 346 100%
From the table, it can be seen that the most dominant error made by the
students in the use of future perfect tense was misformation, at 322 or 93% of
students. The second most dominant error was verb form, at 14 or 4%. The
third most dominant error was omission, at 10 or 3% of students.
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4.3.3 Sources of Error
Intralingual errors may have been caused by ignorance of rule
restrictions, false concepts hypothesized, overgeneralization and
incomplete application of rules.
4.3.3.1 The Errors Caused by Ignorance of Rule Restrictions
- Will you come to my house for dinner? By seven
tonight, I‘ll finished the dinner..
- By this time next week, we will bought all the Christmas
presents.
- By this time next week, we will buy all the Christmas
presents.
- Go ahead and leave this city for your vacation. By the
time you come back, I will take care of everything.
- Go ahead and leave this city for your vacation. By the
time you come back, I will taking care of everything.
- It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long time just get to the
beach. I believe that before noon, we will getting there.
- Margaret has lived here since here since she was born.
Now, she plans to move into the country. By the end of this year,
she will lives in her new house in the country
- Margaret has lived here since here since she was born.
Now, she plans to move into the country. By the end of this year,
she will live in her new house in the country
- Everyone is getting very tired after the vacation. I’m
sure that by nine tonight, everyone in that family will fall asleep.
- By the time he graduates, Tom will has taken all the
necessary classes.
- I am sure within a week; he will got a good used car.
The students ignored the rule in future perfect tense that “will”
must be followed by “have” and verb III. The learners applied rules to
different contexts.
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4.3.3.2 The Errors Caused by Overgeneralization
- They will have sell out the tickets before you arrive at
the cinema tomorrow night.
- All the fruits will have rip completely before the
merchant sell them tomorrow.
The students failed to make a distinction of verb III with respect to
differences in regular and irregular verbs. They assumed verb I and verb III for
these verbs were the same and did not add –ed or change the form. For
example, verb III for the word “put” is “put”, so the students generalized that
the form of the third verb must stay the same as verb I.
4.3.3.3 The Errors Caused by Incomplete Application of Rule
- Will you come to my house for dinner? By seven
tonight, I ‘ll finished the dinner.
- By this time tomorrow, we will put all the furniture in
the basement
- By next month, I will read this book in my aunt’s
house.
The students failed to fully develop the structure and omitted a
part of the sentence, i.e., “have” or “will”.
4.3.3.4 The errors caused by false concepts hypothesized
- The local government needs so many funds to budget
the development. I’m afraid that by the end of this month, taxes
will increase.
- Margaret has lived here since here since she was born.
Now, she plans to move into the country. By the end of this year,
she will live in her new house in the country
- Margaret has lived here since here since she was born.
Now, she plans to move into the country. By the end of this year,
she is living in her new house in the country
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- They arrive by dinner time.
- It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long time just to get to
the beach. I believe that before noon, we are getting there.
- By this time tomorrow, the teacher is speaking to her
about her grades.
The students’ answers should have been in the form of the future
perfect tense, but they failed to identify and comprehend the future perfect
tense pattern. As a result, they used another tense pattern.
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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
After conducting the research, doing the analysis, and presenting the
results, the conclusion and suggestions of this study are presented in this last
chapter.
5.1 Conclusion
In light of the data analysis, some conclusions concerning the
grammatical errors found in the usage of future perfect tense can be made.
The results of the study showed that the dominant errors with regard to
future perfect tense usage were as follows:
5.1.1 Kinds of errors in the use of future perfect tense
1) Use of tense errors: students used the wrong pattern / structure.
2) Verb form errors: student made errors in the use of verb.
3) Omission: students omitted one or several elements pattern of a
sentence.
5.1.2 Dominant Errors:
In the multiple-choice test, the most dominant errors were the use
of tense errors. This may have been because students do not understand
the concept of the future perfect tense, possibly due to a lack of
adequate practice in L2 learning. The results of test revealed that out of
900 items, students gave correct answers for only for 231 items or
26%, while 669 items or 74% received incorrect answers.
The test sought to determine students’ capability of understanding
the use of tenses, specifically the future perfect tense pattern. If they
really understood the concept of this tense, they would have answered
correctly.
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For the fill-in-the-blanks test, the most dominant errors were
misformation errors or use of tense errors, at 322 or 93% of students.
The second most dominant errors were verb form errors, at reveal 14 or
4%. The third most dominant errors were omission, at 10 or 3% of
students.
These errors may have been due to intralingual errors caused by
ignorance of rule restrictions, overgeneralization, false concepts
hypothesized and incomplete application of rules.
5.2 Suggestion
After analyzing the results of the research, the following suggestions
can be made for English teachers and L2 students, mainly with regard to
teaching and learning the future perfect tense as below:
1) High frequency and generality errors should be
corrected more often than less frequent errors. For example, the
misformation errors or verb form.
2) Teachers should give clearer explanation and emphasize
the concept of the future perfect tense.
3) Teachers should explain more about the different pattern
on the use of the future perfect tense compared to other tenses
patterns and give exercises more frequently in English class.
4) Teachers should understand the ability or errors of their
students with regard to the future perfect tense so that they can
teach students properly. Teachers should motivate students and
recommend some useful method which can help students to
understand better.
5) Teachers should understand the ability or errors of their
students on future perfect, so that they can teach students properly.
6) Students must be encouraged to list and memorize the
verb forms.
7) Students must consider the future perfect tense as
important as other tenses.
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8) Sometimes studying from textbooks might be boring, so
teachers should try new methods or equipment that are more
interesting and exciting in order to draw more attention from the
students and give a clearer picture of the situations in which the
future perfect tense should be used.
9) In English class, students should communicate in
English.
10) Students must work harder to learn English, especially
the future perfect tense.
5.3 Recommendations for Future Research
Based on the findings and conclusions of this study, the following
recommendations are made for future research:
1. As the subjects in this study were limited to only 30 of
year 3 college students, further study may increase the number of
samples and investigate the students from different levels.
2. This study investigated only the error of future perfect
tense usage. It may be more useful if further research investigates
other kind of tenses.
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REFERENCES
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English by
Thai High School Students. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
Brown, R. (1973). A first language: The early stage. Massachusetts: Harvard
University Press.
Corder, S. Pit Error Analysis and Interlanguage, Oxford University Press.
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Future Perfect Tense. (n.d.). Retrieved December 5, 2016, from
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ml
Future Perfect and Perfect Continuous Tenses Exercise. (n.d.). Retrieved
December
10, 2016, from http://www.grammarbank.com/future-perfect-
exercise.html
Henry, A. (2007). Language errors in the genre-based writing of advances
academic
ESL students. Regional Language Centre Journal 38(2)
Hinnon, A. (2014). Common Errors in English Writing and Suggested
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Publishing.
Mahaboonpati, M. S. (2013). An Error Analysisof the use of Past Simple and
Past
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Petchtae, K. (2011). An Error Analysis of Present Perfect Tense: A Case Study
of
Grade 11 Students at Satri Wat Rakang School in the Academic Year
2010. Retrieved December 5, 2016, from
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R. (n.d.). Error Analysis on Tenses Usage Made by Indonesian Students.
Retrieved
December5,2016, from
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7
Ravipim Itiravivong (2002). An error analysis of present and past simple tense:
Case study of employees at Procter and Gamble Manufacturing
(Thailand).
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Language Center, Teaching English as a Foreign Language.
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Students: A Case Study of EFL Students in Thailand. IOSR Journal of
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191245158
Sumitra Angwatanakul. (1975). Linguistic Link, Chulalongkorn University
Book Center.
Thomas, J. (2014). Case study of error analysis of the usage of tense in English
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JOURNAL, 2(3).
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students. Thammasat University.
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tense-rules-and-uses-with-examples/
Astuti, W. R. (2014). Error Analysis on the Use of Future Perfect Tense Made
by Students Joining Structure Class in First Semester STAIN Salatiga
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Yuttasak Arakkkitsakul. (2008). An error analysis of present perfect tense case
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University: Academic year 2008. Thammasat University, Bangkok.
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA AND MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST
Name: ___________________________________
Major: ___________________________________
Year: ___________
Multiple-choice Test
1. The bus driver…. The bus when it leaves the garage.
a) have checked
b) will have checked
c) are checking
d) will have been checking
2. By next month I…. this book in my aunt’s house.
a) will read
b) is reading
c) shall have read
d) will have reading
3. We’re late. I guess the movie….already….by the time we get to the
theater.
a) would, had started
b) will, had started
c) is, starting
d) will, have started
4. The boys are supposed to have finished their homework when we come
home. This means: we expect that….by the time we come home.
a) The boys will have finished their homework.
b) The boys are going to finish their homework
c) The boys will be finishing their homework.
d) The boys were finishing their homework.
5. I can lend you my car next week because by that time I….using it.
a) will be finishing
b) will have finished
c) have finished
d) am finishing
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6. We’d better wait till 14 December. David….his exam by then, so he’ll be
able to enjoy himself.
a) would had
b) is hiding
c) will have had
d) will have
7. The committee….hard when the horse-race is over.
a) will have worked
b) will working
c) are working
d) have worked
8. Robert….his work by the end of this week.
a) have done
b) will have done
c) is doing
d) will be done
9. They….out the tickets before you arrive at the cinema tomorrow night.
a) will has sold
b) will have sell
c) will has sell
d) will have sold
10. They….locked up the doors when we reach the hotel.
a) will has
b) will had
c) would have
d) will have
11. By the end of week, he….600 horses/climbed 50 mountains.
a) would trained
b) will have trained
c) is training
d) will has trained
12. Garry: I save Rp 50 a week and I stated in December.
Lucas: So by the end of the year, you…..Rp 2400.
a) shall have saved
b) will saving
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c) have been saving
d) will has trained
13. Andri….this book to her friend before I ask for it at the end of this week.
a) has returned
b) will have returned
c) was returned
d) is returning
14. James: It is cloudy now.
Catherine: I am sure that it….before we leave the office at three o’clock
this afternoon.
a) was rained
b) will raining
c) has rained
d) will have rained
15. All the fruits….completely before the merchant sell them tomorrow.
a) are ripping
b) will have rip
c) has ripped
d) will have ripped
16. We know that Richard is in love with Helen. Perhaps, he….her before
Helen forces him to at end of this coming December.
a) will marrying
b) is marrying
c) will have married
d) would have married
17. The bankers….their jobs before the government officials have to take
further actions.
a) will completing
b) is completing
c) will have completed
d) would have completed
18. Mr. Boy….from his M.M degree within 3 years.
a) will have graduated
b) will have been graduating
c) is graduating
d) would have completed
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19. Some new facilities for intern communication….before this coming
Saturday.
a) was installed
b) are installing
c) will installing
d) will have installed
20. Before the end of this month, all students….their semester test.
a) were finished
b) will finishing
c) has finished
d) will have finished
21. I am sure that before the age 27, Rani will….
a) have married
b) got married
c) get married
d) has married
22. Sandra: Look! The sky is so dark.
Kevin: I think that it….by three o’clock this afternoon.
a) has rained
b) will raining
c) will have rained
d) would had rained
23. If the rain doesn’t stop till tomorrow. I think that the water ......
everything from the farming areas.
a) has swept
b) will sweeping
c) will have swept
d) would had swept
24. If the government doesn’t close some of the gambling centers in this city,
a lot of people….within this month.
a) would lost their possessions
b) will have lost their possessions
c) will losing their possessions
d) would lose their possessions
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25. I think most workers….working for the royal company if by the end of
this month the director of the company doesn’t want to compromise with
them.
a) will stopping
b) would stopped
c) will have stopped
d) would has stopped
26. If you don’t come to ask her for an engagement by the end of this year,
I’m sure that someone else will…..apply for her.
a) have come
b) has come
c) have coming
d) has coming
27. By this time tomorrow, we….all the furniture in the basement.
a) are putting
b) will have put
c) has put
d) will has put
28. I am sure within a week, he….a good used car.
a) is got
b) will got
c) will have got
d) has got
29. When Sarah arrives at 10:00 tonight, Anita….
a) was get to bed
b) will gone to bed
c) is getting to bed
d) will have gone to bed
30. By the time he graduates, Tom….all the necessary classes.
a) was taken
b) will has taken
c) will have taken
d) is taken
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APPENDIX B
FILL IN THE BLANK TEST
Fill in the Blank Test
1. By this time next week, we__________ (buy) all the Christmas presents.
2. By this time tomorrow, the teacher________ (speak) to her about her grades.
3. They______ (arrive) by dinner time.
4. Go ahead and leave this city for your vacation. By the time you come back,
I________ (take care) of everything.
5. He ________ (see) that film last year.
6. Margaret has lived here since she was born. Now, she plans to move into the
country. By the end of this year, she________ (live) in her new house in the
country.
7. It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long time just get to the beach. I believe that
before noon, we_______ (get) there.
8. Will you come to my house for dinner? By seven tonight, I______ (finish)
the dinner.
9. Everyone is getting very tired after the vacation. I’m sure that by nine tonight,
everyone in that family______ (fall) asleep.
10. I ________ (not/see) the sea before.
11. The local government needs so many funds to budget the development. I’m
afraid that by the end of this month, taxes________ (increase).
12. She _______ (live) in London since 1994.
13. By this time tomorrow, we______ (put) all the furniture in the basement.
14. Last night I ________ (lose) my keys – I had to call my flatmate to let me in.
15. We _______ (see) Julie last night.
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APPENDIX C
VARIOUS KINDS OF STUDENTS' ERRORS
NO.
Answer Error
Code Students' Error Answer Correct Answer
Correct Incorrect
1 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we
bought all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
boughtall the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher spoken to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrived by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I took care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she lived in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we
gotten there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have
gotthere.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fell asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
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E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increased.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
putall the furniture in the basement.
2 2 8
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher will speak to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They will arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I will take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she would have lived in
her new house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we have
got there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will
finish the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fell asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, we will
put all the furniture in the
basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
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3 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we buys
all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher is going to speak to her
about her grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrives by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I is take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she lives in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we
getting there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family falls asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increased.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, we
putting all the furniture in the
basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
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4 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we
bought all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher spoke to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrived by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
&
E.2
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take cared of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
&
E.2
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she be alive in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we got
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finishing the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fell asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increased.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
41
5 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we buy
all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speak to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we got
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I finish
the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
42
6 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we buy
all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
&
E.2
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speaked to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrived by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we got
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increased.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
43
E.1
&
E.2
By this time tomorrow, we putted
all the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
7 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we buy
all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speaked to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we got
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development.I’m afraid that by the
end of this month,taxes increased.
The local government needs so many
funds to budget the development. I’m
afraid that by the end of this month,
taxes will have increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
44
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
8 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we 're
buying all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
&
E.2
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speaked to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.2 They arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I'll take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we got
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
&
E.2
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I done
the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fell asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
45
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we be put
all the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
9 0 10
E.1
&
E.2
By this time next week, we bongh
all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
&
E.2
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speaked to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrived by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I taken care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she lived in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we got
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyoe in that
family fell asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes increased.
The local government needs so many
funds to budget the development. I’m
afraid that by the end of this month,
taxes will have increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
46
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
10 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we
buying all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speaking to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arriving by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I taking care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she living in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we get
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finishing the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fell asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increased.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
47
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
11 0 10
E.1
&
E.3
By this time next week, we will
bought all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher 'll speak to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They 'll arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I 'll take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she lived in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we 'll
get there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I 'll
finish the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family 'll fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes'll increase.
The local government needs so many
funds to budget the development. I’m
afraid that by the end of this month,
taxes will have increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
48
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we 'll put
all the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
12 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we 're
buying all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speaking to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They 're arrived by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I 'm take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she lived in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we 're
get there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increase.
The local government needs so many
funds to budget the development. I’m
afraid that by the end of this month,
taxes will have increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
49
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
13 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we will
buy all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher would speak to her about
her grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They 'll arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I 'll take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she 'll lives in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we will
get there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
&
E.3
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I 'll
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family will fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes will
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
50
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we 'll put
all the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
14 0 10
E.1
&
E.3
By this time next week, we
(BLANK) all the Christmas
presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speaks to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1
&
E.3
They (BLANK) by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
&
E.3
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I (BLANK) of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she lives in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we get
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
&
E.3
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
(BLANK)the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
&
E.3
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes (BLANK).
The local government needs so many
funds to budget the development. I’m
afraid that by the end of this month,
taxes will have increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
51
E.1
&
E.3
By this time tomorrow, we
(BLANK) all the furniture in the
basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
15 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we buy
all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speak to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we got
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I finish
the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes increase.
The local government needs so many
funds to budget the development. I’m
afraid that by the end of this month,
taxes will have increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
52
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
16 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we
bought all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher spook to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we got
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I finish
the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
53
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
17 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we buies
all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
&
E.2
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher spook to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I 'm take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she 's live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we 're
get there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I finish
the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
54
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
18 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we
bought all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
&
E.2
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher spook to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we got
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I finish
the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
55
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
19 1 9
E.1 By this time next week, we will
buyall the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher is speaking to her about
her grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They are arriving by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she is living in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we will
getting there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fallen asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
56
20 1 9
E.1 By this time next week, we will
buy all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher will be speaking to her
about her grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They will arrives by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I 'll take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she will live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we 'll
get there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I 'll
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family will fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes will
be increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
21 0 10 E.1 By this time next week, we 're
buy all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
57
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speak to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They 're arrive by dinner time.
They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we get
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I finish
the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family 're falls asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
58
22 2 8
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher will speak to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They will arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I will take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she was
born. Now, she plans to move into
the country. By the end of this year,
she will live in her new house in the
country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we will
get there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family will fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes will
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, we will
put all the furniture in the
basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
23 1 9
E.1 By this time next week, we will
buy all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher would speak to her about
her grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
59
E.1 They 've arrived by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I 'll take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she 'll be live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
&
E.3
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we 'll
got there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
&
E.2
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family has falled asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes 'll
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, we will
put all the furniture in the
basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
24 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we
bought all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher spoken to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrived by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
60
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she lived in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we got
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
25 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we buy
all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
&
E.2
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher spoak to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
61
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she lived in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
&
E.2
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we geted
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I finish
the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increased.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
26 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we buy
all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speaks to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrives by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
62
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we get
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I finish
the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
27 0 10
E.1
&
E.3
By this time next week, we will
bought all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher is going to speak to her
about her grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrived by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
63
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she lived in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we got
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fell asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
28 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we
bought all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher spoken to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
E.1 They arrived by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
64
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I taken care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she lived in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
&
E.2
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we
gotten there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fallen asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increased.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
29 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we buy
all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speaks to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
65
E.1 They arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she lives in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we get
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I
finished the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increases.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
30 0 10
E.1 By this time next week, we
bought all the Christmas presents.
By this time next week, we will have
bought all the Christmas presents.
E.1
By this time tomorrow, the
teacher speak to her about her
grades.
By this time tomorrow, the teacher
will have spoken to her about her
grades.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
66
E.1 They arrive by dinner time. They will have arrived by dinner
time.
E.1
Go ahead and leave this city for
your vacation. By the time you
come back, I take care of
everything.
Go ahead and leave this city for your
vacation. By the time you come back,
I will have taken care of everything.
E.1
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of
this year, she live in her new
house in the country.
Margaret has lived here since she
was born. Now, she plans to move
into the country. By the end of this
year, she will have lived in her new
house in the country.
E.1
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a
long time just get to the beach. I
believe that before noon, we got
there.
It’s not too far. It doesn’t take a long
time just get to the beach. I believe
that before noon, we will have got
there.
E.1
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I finish
the dinner.
Will you come to my house for
dinner? By seven tonight, I will have
finished the dinner.
E.1
Everyone is getting very tired
after the vacation. I’m sure that
by nine tonight, everyone in that
family fall asleep.
Everyone is getting very tired after
the vacation. I’m sure that by nine
tonight, everyone in that family will
have fallen asleep.
E.1
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by
the end of this month, taxes
increase.
The local government needs so
many funds to budget the
development. I’m afraid that by the
end of this month, taxes will have
increased.
E.1 By this time tomorrow, we put all
the furniture in the basement.
By this time tomorrow, we will have
put all the furniture in the basement.
Ref. code: 25595821040457NSD
67
BIOGRAPHY
Name Miss Thanyaporn Thienkao
Date of Birth September23, 1990
Educational Attainment 2013: Bachelor of Arts
Work Position Assistant Purchase Manager
G.L.&R. Taps And Tiles Co., Ltd.
Work Experiences 2015-Present: Assistant Purchase Manager
G.L.&R. Taps And Tiles Co., Ltd.
2013-2015: Guest Relation Officer
Grand Mercure Bangkok Fortune hotel