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An Overview of the Livestock and Poultry Industries
Chapter 2
Livestock Industry Livestock commodities comprise 50% of the
total agricultural cash receipts (ERS/USDA, 2005)
The five leading states in total cash receipts for agriculture are:
1. California
2. Texas
3. Iowa
4. Nebraska
5. Illinois
Beef Industry Cattle, including domestic water buffalo,
contribute food, fiber, fuel to the 5.8 billion people of the world
In developed countries, cattle normally supply food
In developing countries beef is a secondary product as draft animal power and milk are the primary products
Top 5 Countries in Beef Production Cattle Numbers
1. India
2. China
3. US
4. Brazil
5. Argentina
Beef Production1. US
2. Brazil
3. EU-25
4. China
5. Argentina
Beef Industry Exports
Brazil27.8%
Australia20.3%
India 11.4%
New Zealand 7.7%
Argentina 7.1%
Imports US Russian Federation Japan EU-25 Mexico
Beef and Veal ConsumptionCountry Per capita
consumption
Argentina 65.2
United States 42.9
Uruguay 39.3
Brazil 36.9
Australia 36.3
Sources: USDA -FAS attache reports, official statistics, and results of office research. Population statistics from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, International Programs Center.
Beef Industry Production of beef has
increased recently with a reduction in cattle numbers Average carcass wt
increased Increased number of cattle
per feedlot Reduction in market age More cross-breeding
Cattle Production is made up of several segments Seedstock producers Cow-Calf Stocker-Yearling Feedlots Packers Retailers Consumers
Beef Inventory Cattle Inventory
1. Texas
2. Kansas
3. Nebraska
4. California
5. Oklahoma
Cattle on Feed1. Texas
2. Nebraska
3. Kansas
4. Colorado
5. Iowa
Which country has had the biggest increase in exports of beef in the last 5 years?Brazil
Why are imports to Japan from the US lower than previous years?
BSE, traceability to verify BSE controls, age verification, bone chips and political wrangling.
Which country has the most cattle numbers?Which country produces the most beef?India
United States
Pounds of beef produced has increased whereas number of cattle has reduced. How has this happened?
Average carcass weight has increased Increased number of animals through
feedlot Reduction in market age More cross-breeding
What states have the most cattle on feed?
Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Iowa
Dairy Industry Milk products are produced and consumed
in most countries of the world Cows milk is the most common product
but other species are used for milk productionBuffalo, goat, sheep, camel
World Dairy Cow Numbers and Milk Production
Cattle Numbers1. India
2. EU-25
3. Brazil
4. Russian Federation
5. United States
Production per cow1. United States
2. Japan
3. Canada
4. EU-25
5. Australia
World Milk Production1,000 Metric tons
EU-25 132,300 United States 82,582 India 39,450 China 33,800 Russia 32,200
Dairy Industry Other products produced such as butter,
cheese and dried milk products are more likely to be exported than fluid milk.
Dairy Exports by Country
Milk Products Butter
India EU-25 United States New Zealand Russia
Cheese EU-25 United States Brazil Egypt Argentina
Milk Products Whole Milk Powder
China New Zealand Brazil Argentina Australia
Non-fat Dry Milk United States India New Zealand Australia Japan
US Dairy Industry The average US dairy has approximately 100
milking cows, 30 dry cows, 30 heifers and 25 calves
Dairy producers market the milk through cooperatives
Nearly 60% of the US dairy herd is concentrated in large dairy farms
These large dairies represent 9% of the farms with milk cows, but are responsible for more than half of the milk production
US Dairy ProductionState Production
1 California 37,564 mill lbs
2 Wisconsin 22,866 mill lbs
3 New York 12,078 mill lbs
4 Pennsylvania 10,503 mill lbs
5 Idaho 10,161 mill lbs
Which single country leads the world in fluid milk production per cow?United States
Which three countries export the most dairy products?
Germany, New Zealand, France
Which three countries produce the most non-fat dry milk?
United States, India, New Zealand
True or False: Large dairies represent 9% of cattle but produce greater than half of the milk produced.
True
Horse Industry Horses were domesticated about 5,000
years ago Horses were the last animals to be
domesticated. Horses were first used as food, then for
war, sports and draft purposes. There were no horses in North America
when Columbus arrived
Countries with the Largest Horse, Donkey and Mule Numbers
Horses Donkeys Mules
1 China 1 China 1 China
2 Brazil 2 Ethiopia 2 Mexico
3 Mexico 3 Pakistan 3 Brazil
4 United States 4 Mexico 4 Columbia
5 Argentina 5 Egypt 5 Ethiopia
US Horse Industry Number of horses in the US reduced
drastically after World War I. Increased use of motor-powered
equipment took the place of horse power. The US horse industry generates $25
billion in goods and services annually
States with the Largest Horse Numbers
1. Texas
2. California
3. Florida
4. Oklahoma
5. Illinois
US Horse Industry The horse industry directly produces goods and
services of $25.3 billion and has a total impact of $112.1 billion on U.S. gross domestic product.
Racing, showing and recreation each contribute more than 25% to the total value of goods and services produced by the industry.
The horse industry has a direct economic effect in the urban areas of $2.8 billion and employs 45,800 FTE employees. In rural areas, the direct economic effect is $22.5 billion and employs 292,700 FTE employees.
US Horse Industry How Many People are Involved in the
Industry?7.1 million Americans are involved in the
industry as horse owners, service providers, employees and volunteers.
The horse industry is a diverse, broad-based activity with stakeholders including large numbers of recreational and show horse riders, and moderate-income track, show and stable employees and volunteers.
Number of Horses & Participants by ActivityActivity No. of Horses No. of Participants
Racing 725,000 941,400
Showing 1,974,000 3,607,900
Recreation 2,970,000 4,346,100
Other* 1,262,000 1,607,900
Total 6,931,000 7,062,500**
*Includes farm and ranch work, police work, rodeo and polo
**The sum of participants by activity does not equal the total number of participants because individuals could be counted in more than one activity.
Which country has the largest number of horses, donkeys and mules?
China
What happened to the horse numbers in the US after World War I? Why?
ReducedIncreased use of motor-powered equipment
Poultry Industry Poultry applies to chickens, turkeys,
geese, ducks, pigeons, peafowl, and guineas
Chickens, ducks and turkeys dominate the world poultry industry
Chickens originated in Southeast Asia Darwin concluded that domestic chickens
originated from Red Jungle Fowl
World Poultry Production Chicken Production
United States China EU -25 Mexico India
Egg Production China United States Japan
Turkey Production United States EU-25 Brazil Canada
Broiler Consumption United Arab Emirates 60.3 United States 46.3 Kuwait 43.0 Hong Kong 38.8 Malaysia 38.3
US Poultry Industry Income from the US Poultry industry
exceeds $21 billion The US industry is primarily in the
southeastern US The US industry produces 6.9 billion total
broilers The modern mechanized poultry industry
of the US emerged during the late 1950’s
US Poultry Industry Egg Production
1. Ohio
2. California
3. Pennsylvania
4. Iowa
5. Indiana
US Poultry Industry Poultry industry highly integrated Many broiler and turkey producers are
contracted by large companies to raise birds
85% of the eggs marketed are from large commercial producers
Efficiency of production of chicken, turkey and eggs has increased in the last few years
Which country leads the world in chicken and turkey production? Consumption?United States
United Arab Emirates
Which area of the United States has the largest concentration of broiler production?Southeast – Georgia, Arkansas, Alabama, Mississippi, North Carolina
True or False: The poultry industry is highly integrated.
True
Sheep and Goat Industry Sheep and goats both originated in
Europe and the cooler portions of Asia. Sheep are distinguished from goats by the
absence of a beard, less odor and glands on all four feet.
Sheep and goats are important ruminants in temperate and tropical regions
Sheep and Goat Industry Sheep and goats are better adapted than cattle
to arid tropics Goats graze browse (shrubs) and some forbs
while cattle graze tall grasses and some forbs and sheep graze short grasses and some forbs.
More than 60% of the world sheep numbers are in temperate regions while 80% of the goats are in tropical or subtropical
Top 5 Countries in Sheep Production Sheep Numbers
1. China
2. Australia
3. India
4. Iran
5. New Zealand
Sheep meat Production1. China
2. EU- 25
3. Australia
4. New Zealand
5. Iran
Top 5 Countries for Goat Production Goat Numbers
1. China
2. India
3. Pakistan
4. Bangladesh
5. Nigeria
Meat Production1. China
2. Pakistan
3. India
4. Nigeria
5. Bangladesh
US Sheep Industry Sheep numbers
reached a high in 1942 of 56 million declining to approximately 7 million in 1999
Cost of production offset increase in price per pound
Difference in raising techniques Midwest and West
Coast farm-flocks Western States
primarily range-flocks
Major Sheep Producing States1. Texas
2. California
3. Wyoming
4. Colorado
5. South Dakota
What is the difference between sheep and goats?
Sheep don’t have beards, less odor and glands on all four feet.
What is the difference in grazing patterns for cows and goats?
Goats graze browse and some forbs whereas cattle graze grasses and some forbs
Which three countries have the highest sheepmeat production?
China, EU-25, Australia
Swine Industry Swine are widely distributed throughout
the world. 50% of the world swine production occurs
in China Swine production in US is more productive
on a per head basis
Top 5 Countries in Pork Production Swine Numbers
1. China
2. US
3. Brazil
4. Germany
5. Poland
Pork Production1. China
2. EU – 25
3. US
4. Brazil
5. Russian Federation
World Pork Consumption1. Hong Kong 65.3
2. EU-25 43.9
3. China 41.9
4. Taiwan 41.3
5. Romania 34.6
US Swine Industry Swine production in the US is
concentrated heavily in the corn Belt This area produces most of the nation’s
corn and soybeans During the past 20 years the number of
hog farms has significantly decreased. The number of hogs raised per farm has
increased.
US Swine Industry Four primary types of swine operations
Feeder pig operationsFeeder pig to finishing operationsFarrow to Finish operationsSeedstock operations (including multiplier
herds for breeding companies)
In what area of the US is pork production concentrated?
Corn Belt
What are the four primary types of swine operations1. Feeder pig2. Feeder to finish3. Farrow to finish4. Seedstock production
True or False? The US produces more than 50% of the pork in the world.
False
China produces 50% of the world pork.
Which country has the largest pork consumption?
Hong Kong
Other Animal Industries Aquaculture
FinfishCrustaceansMollusks
Global fish production has expanded at such a large rate that the per-capita supply has nearly doubled
Aquaculture produces 26% of the world’s supply of food fish
Aquaculture Production as a Share of Total Marine and Freshwater Fish Harvest, 1984-95
Share of Global Aquaculture Production
Country % Share of Global Production
China 57
India 9
Japan 4
Indonesia 4
Thailand 3
United States 2
Philippines 2
Korea, Republic of 2
Other Countries 17
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 1996 (FAO, Rome, 1997), p. 12.
Table 1.4.4. Production (mt) by commodity group and APRs (%).
Groups 1984 1989 1995 APR 84/89
APR90/95
APR 84/95
Freshwater Fishes
3,557,718 6,855,331 12,727,038 14.0 12.0 12.3
Aquatic Plants
3,446,524 3,415,895 6,812,879 -0.2 15.8 6.4
Molluscs 1,997,002 2,943,729 5,087,068 8.1 11.4 8.9
Diadromous Fishes
680,903 932,071 1,388,539 6.5 4.0 6.7
Crustaceans 231,798 702,292 1,126,632 24.8 8.1 15.5
Marine Fishes
209,684 282,692 573,332 6.2 13.2 9.6
TOTAL 10,123,629 15,132,010 27,715,488 8.4 12.1 9.6
US Aquaculture Aquaculture in the United States exceeds $1.09
billion Catfish farming is the largest aquaculture activity
in the US. Mississippi produces about 70% of the US total. Trout production is the second largest sector
with Idaho accounting for 75% of the production Third largest aquaculture sector in the U.S. is
the crawfish industry Louisiana produces 25-50 million pounds per year
US Aquaculture One of the most attractive aspects of fish
farming is the feed conversion rate 1.3 lb of feed per lb of gain
Advantages Major market US major grain producer
Disadvantages Most farm raised fish are tropical Labor costs higher Regulations
Types of Aquaculture Production Systems Pond culture: extensive farming in small shallow ponds Raceway culture: Traditional farming of salmonids which readily
acclimated to the cool waters of the temperate zones and high mountains.
Cage culture: The salmonids have readily adapted to other intensive systems, particularly farming in floating cages. Rainbow trout adapted to saltwater are now cultured by such practices, and two species of Pacific salmon, the silver or coho and king or spring
Ocean ranching: The oceanic waters of the Southern Ocean are rich in natural resources of planktonic organisms ideal for migratory salmonids.
Off-bottom and on-bottom culture of molluscs: The majority of molluscs are produced off-bottom, suspended from floating rafts or longlines. Others are managed on tidal beds.
US Aquaculture
Alternative Species Ostrich and Emu
Both relatively new to the U.S.
Deer Farming many different species
red deer wapiti (elk) white tail red fallow deer
Major market in by-products
Bison
What are the largest aquaculture activities in the United States
CatfishTroutCrawfish
Which country has the largest production of aquaculture?
China
What are the three types of aquaculture?
FinfishCrustaceansMollusks
What is the largest production of aquaculture species in the world?
Finfish
Which US states produce the most aquaculture?
Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama
What are some alternative livestock species?Ostrich and EmuDeer – red deer, wapiti, white tail, red fallow deerBison