Post on 18-Dec-2015
transcript
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM
LBS Technologies and Test Methodologies
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
LBS Technologies
Position Location Technology Location Measurement
Time of Arrival (TOA) Network
Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) Network
Angle of Arrival (AOA) Network
Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) Network / Mobile
Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT) Mobile
Assisted GPS (A-GPS) Mobile
Hybrid (AFLT & A-GPS) Mobile
GPS Mobile
LBS employs several different technologies:
Only Mobile Based Technologies
require additional Mobile Testing
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
BTS Antenna
Advanced Forward Link Trilateration
• Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT)
• Mobile measures Pilot Phase (Distance) from BTSs Measurements passed
back to Network using IS-801-1 signaling
Network knows location of BTSs and Mobile’s distance from each BTS
Network calculates Mobile’s position
BTS Antenna
BTS Antenna
Mobile
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Assisted GPS (A-GPS)
• Reference receiver provides GPS data and precise time to the PDE
• Network provides initial estimate of mobile position and assistance data to the mobile In MS-Assisted mode, the mobile
takes a ‘snapshot’ of the GPS satellites in view and reports distance data back to the PDE
PDE computes the position of the mobile
In MS-Based mode, the mobile computes its own position based on its internal measurements of the visible satellites
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Hybrid
• Uses A-GPS & AFLT
• Best of both technologies
• Phone reports ranges using GPS satellites and CDMA pilots
• Example: QUALCOMM/SnapTrack’s
gpsOne The de facto standard in the CDMA industry
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
CDMA LBS Architecture
• Key Network Entities:
PSAPPublic Service Answering Point
MS
MPCMobile
Positioning Center
GPS Reference
Network
MSC
BSC
BSC
PDE
BSBS
Position Determination Entity
PDE calculates Mobile position MPC controls PDE and MS PSAP terminates emergency calls
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
LBS Market Perspective
LBS: A growing market Varying estimates between US$20B ~ US$82B by 2005 Some expect LBS will account for 20% of wireless data revenue by 2005
US: Still mostly driven by E911 Phase II mandate Deployments started in 2002 Expected to be widely adopted in 2005
Asia: Many commercial LBS applications have already started generating revenue Example: ‘EZ Navi’ service from KDDI in Japan
Europe: Commercial LBS and growing interest in E112 GSM/WCDMA standards from 3GPP Commercial deployments expected to start in 2005
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Why Test LBS Performance?
There are 3 main reasons for testing LBS applications:
Customer Satisfaction In this growing market, LBS performance will be a critical
contributor to widespread customer adoption
Carrier Acceptance Without Carrier acceptance, mobiles cannot be brought to
market
Mandatory Test Requirements Governments are dictating performance criteria for Safety
of Life LBS applications (e.g. E911 & E112)
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Customer Satisfaction
Minimum Performance Tests TIA-916 (IS-916) is a published Minimum Performance
Test Specification for location-capable mobiles:
• GPS Performance Tests:Accuracy Test (Stationary)Accuracy Test (Moving)Dynamic Range TestMultipath TestSensitivity Test
• AFLT Performance Tests:Accuracy Test Sensitivity Test
• Hybrid Performance Tests:3 Satellite, 2 pilots + 1 Satellite
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Carrier Acceptance
Most major CDMA carriers have created their own LBS-capable mobile acceptance criteria based around Spirent’s PLTS
Some key carriers using PLTS:
• Verizon
• AllTel
• KDDI
• SKT
• KTF
• China Unicom CHINA UNICOM
KTF
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Mandatory Test Requirements
FCC E911 Phase II Test Requirements The are currently NO mandatory Lab
Based tests defined
OET 71 describes the mandatory field test procedure for FCC validation
• This procedure is both costly and time consuming, but must be carried out
• Lab based testing allows Mobiles to be pre-screened to SAVE TIME and MONEY
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM
An Introduction to IS-801.1
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
GPS Overview
GPS Global Positioning System
24 Satellites Continuously Orbit the Earth
GPS L1 Frequency: 1575.42MHz
Orbit: 20,000km, 11,000 miles
Complete Message lasts 750s
Slide 7
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
GPS Overview
Key Features of GPS satellites:
Each GPS satellite has a VERY accurate Clock.
All GPS satellites are exactly synchronized.
Each satellite transmits a unique PRN Code.
The position of each satellite is precisely known.
Slide 8
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
How does a normal GPS receiver work?
When you FIRST power up a GPS receiver it takes a
significant amount of time to locate the satellites.
The SECOND time you power up a GPS receiver it takes only a few seconds to
find the satellites.
Why the difference?
GPS Overview
15~20 mins
30~60 seconds
Slide 9
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
GPS Overview
GPS Receiver
First time Power-Up:
GPS Receiver does NOT know:
- Time (GPS)
- Rough Location of GPS Receiver
- Satellite Locations
Without any ONE of these items the GPS receiver must Search for the Satellites
Slide 10
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Earth’s Surface
GPS Receiver
GPS Receiver Starts to Scan for a GPS Signal
Searching for GPS Satellites
First time Power-Up:
Slide 11
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Earth’s Surface
GPS Receiver
Once a Satellite is found, the receiver starts to download GPS Data
GPS Overview
Slide 12
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
GPS Overview
GPS Data:
Almanac Orbital Patterns of the Satellites(Each satellite transmits the orbits of all other satellites.)
TimeTime Of Week (TOW)Week Number (WN)
EphemerisErrors in orbital patterns(Each satellite transmits own ephemeris data.)
It takes 12 ½ minutes to download the full set of
data!
Slide 13
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Earth’s Surface
GPS Receiver
GPS Receiver continues to scan for more GPS signals
GPS Overview
Slide 14
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Earth’s Surface
GPS Receiver
As the GPS receiver locks on to more satellites it starts to download their GPS data.
GPS Overview
Slide 15
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Eatontown, NJ!
GPS Receiver
Once the GPS receiver has locked onto four satellites and downloaded the Almanac and Ephemeris data it can now calculate its position.
GPS Overview
Slide 16
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
GPS Overview
GPS Receiver
Second time Power-Up:
GPS Receiver DOES know:
- Time
- Last Position of the GPS Receiver
- GPS Data
GPS Receiver Stores the GPS Information
Slide 17
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
GPS Overview
Slide 17
Antenna & GPS Receiver
(Mobile)
Storage of Time, Almanac &
Ephemeris Data
(Network)
IS-801.1
Messages
A-GPS can be thought of as a GPS receiver split in 2 parts
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
IS-801.1 Overview
What is IS-801.1?
Position Determination Service Standard for Dual Mode Spread Spectrum Systems
This specification defines the Air Interface Messages passed between the Network and the Mobile phone.
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
IS-801.1 Overview
IS-801.1 Message consists of two parts:
Transport Protocol
The METHOD of passing the location information between the mobile and the network.
Location Data
The location INFORMATION to be passed between the mobile and the network.
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
IS-801.1 Overview
IS-801.1 Message
Transport Protocol & Location Data
Transport Protocol
Location Data
IS-801.1 Message
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
IS-801.1 Overview
Transport Protocol
IS-801.1 Currently ONLY defines ‘Data Burst Messages’
But…
QUALCOMM has also defined a TCP/IP protocol which can be used.
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
IS-801.1 Overview
Location Data Contain 3 main Parts:
Session ID Information
Request Elements
Response Elements
Session Information
Request Elements
Response Elements
Number Requests
Number Responses
Location Data
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
IS-801.1 Messages
Request MS Information & Pilot Phase Measurement
Provide MS Information
Provide Pilot Phase Measurement
Request Pseudorange & Pilot Phase Measurement
Request Acquisition Assistance
Provide Acquisition Assistance
Request Location Response,
Provide Pseudorange & Pilot Phase Measurement
Provide Location Response
BTS MS
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM
An Introduction to TIA-916
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
TIA-916
“Recommended Minimum PerformanceSpecification for TIA/EIA/IS-801-1 Spread Spectrum Mobile Stations”
What is TIA-916?
Note 5.
Those wishing to deploy systems in the United States should also take notice of the requirement to be compliant with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Ruling on 911 Emergency Services. Meeting the requirements contained in this standard (TIA-916) does not guarantee compliance with the FCC requirements listed in FCC 00-326, CC Docket No. 94-102.
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
TIA-916 Minimum Performance Testing
TIA-916 has two main test sections:
AFLT Tests
GPS Tests
Hybrid Tests &
The Hybrid section is just for completeness
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
TIA-916 GPS Performance Tests
GPS PerformanceGPS Accuracy Test (Stationary)GPS Dynamic Range TestGPS Sensitivity TestGPS Multipath Accuracy TestGPS Accuracy Test (Moving)
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
AFLT Tests
AFLT Performance TestsAFLT Accuracy TestAFLT Sensitivity Test
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM
CDMA Position Location Test System(PLTS)
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
PLTS Hardware
PLTS Hardware– 2 SR3452V2 CDMA Network Emulator
– GSS5060 GPS Simulator
– TAS3710 PDE
– Controller PC
– 8 Port Ethernet Router
Slide 1
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Spirent PLTS Overview
Builds on Spirent’s global leadership in GPS test and wireless channel emulation
Commercial PDE integrated into system, enabling true lab-based interoperability testing against identical software deployed in networks
Builds on Spirent’s global leadership in GPS test and wireless channel emulation
Commercial PDE integrated into system, enabling true lab-based interoperability testing against identical software deployed in networks
Unique AttributesUnique Attributes
Repeatable characterization of GPS, AFLT, and Hybrid performance is challenging and costly through field tests
As focus turns to commercial location-based services it is critical to characterize end-user experience
Repeatable characterization of GPS, AFLT, and Hybrid performance is challenging and costly through field tests
As focus turns to commercial location-based services it is critical to characterize end-user experience
Key Test IssuesKey Test Issues
The world’s first integrated test
solution for location-capable
CDMA mobile devices
The world’s first integrated test
solution for location-capable
CDMA mobile devices
TAS3710 PDE
TASKIT/ PLTS Software
SimGEN GPS Software
GSS5060 Multi-Channel GPS Simulator
Unit Under Test
TAS5048 Test Configuration UnitAirAccess C2K
CDMA Network Emulator
SR5500 Wireless Channel Emulator
TAS5600 Universal Interference Emulator
Virtual Receiver Data
Universal Diagnostic Monitor
TAS3710 PDE
TASKIT/ PLTS Software
SimGEN GPS Software
GSS5060 Multi-Channel GPS Simulator
Unit Under Test
TAS5048 Test Configuration UnitAirAccess C2K
CDMA Network Emulator
SR5500 Wireless Channel Emulator
TAS5600 Universal Interference Emulator
Virtual Receiver Data
Universal Diagnostic Monitor
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
What is a “SuperRack”?
• PLTS can combine with C2K-ATS CDMA Automatic Test System to form a complete, integrated test system for CDMA Mobile Device testing: Stage 1 (IS-98) Minimum Performance Stage 2 (IS-898) Signaling Conformance IS-801-1/IS-916 Position Location
• Common network emulation, impairment and test configuration resource
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Key PLTS Features
• Easy-to-use test executive software with test automation Includes automated mobile control and monitoring
• Test suites for industry-standard test specifications Test Suites based on TIA-916 are supplied
• Real PDE algorithms for representative system testing Allows meaningful Interoperability testing and Hybrid testing of
mobiles that do not self-determine location
• Impairments Option for CDMA field scenario testing e.g. signal blockage, multipath interference, Doppler
spreading
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Key PLTS Features
• Supports both mobile initiated and mobile terminated positioning sessions
• Supports both Control Plane and User Plane transport mechanisms Integrated support for IS-801-1 signaling for Control
Plane technologies Optional support for QUALCOMM® User Plane
architecture and KDDI-proprietary User Plane technologies
• Real PDE Integrated within system (SnapTrack®)
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
PLTS System Architecture
CDMA Position Location Test System (PLTS)
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
PLTS System Elements
• Test Executive Software (TASKIT/PLTS)
• GPS SimLOCATE software (GSS5060)
• CDMA Network Emulator (AirAccess C2K)
• SnapTrack® PDE (TAS3710)
• Universal Diagnostic Monitor (UDM V2)
Impairments Option:
• RF Channel Emulator (SR5500) with AWGN Option
• Test Configuration Kit (TAS5068)
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
TASKIT/PLTS Software
• Single point of control for all system elements
• Fully automates every aspect of test execution:
Data collection Results reporting Results analysis
• Test suites defined in terms of parameters required in a particular test, not instrument- specific settings
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
TASKIT/PLTS Test Suites
IS-916Test Suites
General Parameters
System Date / Time
GPS and CDMA Network Parameters
Map View of CDMA Environment
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
TASKIT/PLTS Results Reporting
• All test parameters and results stored in an Microsoft® Access database for post processing
• Standardized results formats in TASKIT/ PLTS enable meaningful performance comparisons to be shared between service providers, test labs and manufacturers
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
GSS5060 GPS Location Simulator
SimLOCATE software supports two locations:– One for mobile
– One for static PDE (Using Virtual Receiver)
Generates up to 12 GPS L1 C/A Code Satellite signals
Emulates signal impairments:– Atmospheric effects
– Static multipath
– Blockage
Built on Spirent’s global leadership in GPS environment emulation
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
SimLOCATE Application Software
Sky Plot
Mobile Location
Reference Receiver File
Mobile File
File Cabinet
Visible Satellite
Details & Received
Power Levels
Simulation Date/Time
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Real-Time GPS Satellite Power Control
Visible satellites
Real time control of satellite power
Absolute or relative to GPS nominal (-130 dBm)
Turn individual satellites on or off in real time
Sliders control each channel independently or
all channels together
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
AirAccess C2K CDMA Network Emulator
• Real-time IS-95/IS-2000 multi-cell Network emulation
• Support for IS-801-1 signaling
• Platform enables both Control Plane (Data Burst) and User Plane (TCP/IP) delivery methods
• Multi-sector, multi-BSC emulation permits true soft, softer and hard handoffs
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
AirAccess C2K Application Software
TestResultsWindow
TestConfigurationWindow
File Cabinet
MessageAnalyzer
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
AirAccess C2K Message Analysis
Message Analyzer Includes Full IS-801-1
Message Decode
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
AirAccess C2K BTS Configuration
PN Offset and Power Level
Overhead MessageConfigu-ration
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
TAS3710 PDE
• Network Entity, hosted on server platform and configured for test system application
• Uses SnapTrack® / QUALCOMM® PDE algorithms
• PLTS system architecture capable of supporting multiple PDE software versions, including algorithms from other PDE vendors, for comprehensive interoperability testing
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
UDM V2 Universal Diagnostic Monitor
• Enables test automation by providing simultaneous remote control and monitoring of mobile
RF Shielded
Box
GPS Signals & CDMA Pilots
Remote Control and Monitoring of
Mobile Under Test UDM
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
• Complements PLTS by expanding Spirent’s position location testing capabilities into the field environment Full IS-801-1 message
logging & decoding
Location charting
Statistical error analysis for E911 Phase II compliance per FCC OET Bulletin No. 71
UDM V2 Universal Diagnostic Monitor
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
PLTS Impairments Option
• Emulates representative CDMA propagation impairments in rural, suburban and urban environments: signal blockage, fading, multipath
and noise
• Helps reduce the need for expensive field test campaigns to validatelocation-capable mobile devices beyond their minimum performance
TAS5048 Test Configuration Unit
SR5500 RF Channel Emulator(With AWGN Option)
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
PLTS User Plane Option
• Standard capabilities of Spirent’s PLTS system extended with User Plane option Simulation of QUALCOMM®’s User Plane
architecture integrated onto the PLTS platform
Includes flexible emulation of the Mobile Positioning Center (MPC) network entity required for authentication
Extends performance analysis capabilities of the PLTS system by providing User Plane implementations of test cases based on TIA-916 specification
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Integrated Support in TASKIT/PLTS
• Extends existing minimum performance and system performance test cases with User Plane-specific test parameters
• Provides ability to analyze behavior of mobile/LBS application against each supported call flow
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Flexible MPC Emulation
• PLTS emulates interface between mobile and Mobile Positioning Center (MPC)
• Highly flexible configuration interface provides control over MS-MPC message content Both SMS and TCP/IP-Based Protocols
• Behavior of mobile device can be analyzed across all possible MS-MPC message formats and content
• Configurations stored in standard file format and recalled into TASKIT/PLTS
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Minimum Performance Test Cases
• User Plane package includes minimum performance test cases based on IS-916 standard
• Enable complete performance analysis of underlying positioning technologies (AFLT/GPS/Hybrid) employed by LBS applications
• Help characterize end-user experience of LBS applications
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Roadmap for PLTS User Plane Option
• Network emulation support included in PLTS User Plane option will be delivered in two phases
• Phase 1 feature set available in December 2004 (PLTS Version 2.0) QUALCOMM® V1 User Plane Technologies
• Phase 2 feature set available in May 2005 (PLTS Version 3.0) QUALCOMM® V2 User Plane Technologies
Optional support over EV-DO
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
Basic PLTS System Configuration
PLTS-EX CDMA Position Location Test System AirAccess C2K CDMA Network Emulator
(includes two SR3452s) GSS5060 GPS Location Simulator TAS3710 PDE TASKIT/PLTS Software UDM V2 Universal Diagnostic Monitor
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
PLTS Hardware Options
PLTS-IMP4 Impairments Option for PLTS SR5500 RF Channel Emulator
AWGN Option C2K-TCU2-KIT Test Configuration Kit (includes TAS5048) PLTS-IMP-TS1 Impairment Support for TASKIT/PLTS
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01
PLTS Software Options
PLTS-USER-PLANE User Plane Option for PLTS
PLTS-API Remote Control API Option
PLTS-KDDI-TS KDDI Test Suites
PLTS-JPN KDDI Protocol Support
Analyze Assure AccelerateTM
All trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners
Copyright © 2004 Spirent Communications Inc.
Analyze | Assure | Accelerate™