Anammox Process for Nitrogen

Removal from Wastewater

Group members: Jingyi Kan, Xiruo Li, Bing Xu

Contents

• Background

• Application

• Problems and solutions

Background

Discovery of AnammoxA. Mulder et al found Anammox in 1994

Principle of Anammox

1. Chemical Reaction Model

OverallReaction

1

2

3

Gao,F.(2013). The nitrogen removal of municipal sewage based on anaerobic hydrolysis-nitrification-denitrification/anammox.(Doctoral dissertation).Dalian University of Technology, China.

Kartal et al in 2011

Principle of Anammox

2. Biochemical Model

Gao,F.(2013). The nitrogen removal of municipal sewage based on anaerobic hydrolysis-nitrification-denitrification/anammox.(Doctoral dissertation).Dalian University of Technology, China.

1. Nitrate reductase (NIR)2.Hydrazine synthase (HZS)3. Hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH)

The biological metabolism model of ANAMMOX bacteria

Characteristics of Anammox Bacteria

Main place for

anammox reaction

Cellular StructureAnaerobic chemolithotroph bacteriaG-Generation cycle:11 days

Gao,F.(2013). The nitrogen removal of municipal sewage based on anaerobic hydrolysis-nitrification-denitrification/anammox.(Doctoral dissertation).Dalian University of Technology, China.

Strous et al in 1999

Factors in anammox reactionpH: 6.7-8.3

Temperature: 30-43 centigrade

Oxygen: reversible limitation

Light: activity decrease by 15-20%

COD: >150 mg/L, limit the activity of anammox bacteria

Phosphate: limitation

Ammonium: >100mg/L, activity decrease by 80%

Nitrite:>11ug/L, activity decrease by 50%

Application

• Nitrification-Denitrification

O2 O2 Methanol

• Nitritation-Denitritation

O2 Methanol

𝑁𝐻4+ 𝑁𝑂2

− 𝑁𝑂3−

N2

• Deammonification

O2

→SHARON-ANAMMOX Process

SHARON: 50%

2 Reactors

ANAMMOX: 50%

→CANON ANAMMOX Process

In a single reactor

+ O2 →

+ →

• CANON ANAMMOX Process

• SBR system

• 2 steps (factors to consider)

→S1 Partial nitritation

accumulating

→S2 Anammox

No O2

• Partial nitritation

• Increase FA

• Increase the temperature

• Decrease DO

Problems and solutions

Problems of ANMMOX

• Long start-up time

• low temperature

• Inhibition of Anammox by Organic Carbon

• Treatment of low C/N sewage

HABR reactor

influent

pump

Aeration pumpFlowmeter

thermometerHeater

Sampling port

filler

Discharge port

effluent

Bao. (2016). Nitrogen removal performance of novel HABR reactor over CANON process. Environmental Science, 37(7), 2639-2645.

Performance of HABR during operation

Bao. (2016). Nitrogen removal performance of novel HABR reactor over CANON process. Environmental Science, 37(7), 2639-2645.

Profile of nitrogen and nitrogen removal

Bao. (2016). Nitrogen removal performance of novel HABR reactor over CANON process. Environmental Science, 37(7), 2639-2645.

Conclusions

• The quick start-up process was successfully achieved

by continuous operation within 89 days, and stabilized

over 187 days

• The average removal efficiency of NH4+ and TN

reached about 96% and 83%

More ways to optimize

• Add sensors in the reactor to achieve real-time control

of water quality

• Cultivation of CANON Aerobic Granular Sludge

• Conduct basic research on the microbial populations

present in CANON system,

References

Bao. (2016). Nitrogen removal performance of novel HABR reactor over CANON process.

Environmental Science, 37(7), 2639-2645.

Fu. (2009). Study of CANON process start-up under aerobic conditions. Environmental Science, 30(6),

1689-1694.

Gao, F.(2013). The nitrogen removal of municipal sewage based on anaerobic hydrolysis-nitrification-

denitrification/anammox.(Doctoral dissertation).Dalian University of Technology, China.

Kartal, B., Maalcke, W. J., de Almeida, N. M., Cirpus, I., Gloerich, J., Geerts, W., & Strous, M. (2011).

Molecular mechanism of anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Nature, 479(7371), 127-130.

Mulder, A. (1995). Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor.

FEMS microbiology ecology, 16(3), 177-183.

Strous, M.(1999). Applied and environmental microbiology, 65(7), 3248.

Acknowledgment

Thanks to all the group members for the

preparation and the excellent work you have

done in the presentation!