Anatomical Terminology

Skeletal System

AT

AT

A

T

Body Cavities

Body Direction and Location

Anterior

Posterior

Caudal

Cranial

Proximal

Distal

Dorsal

Ventral

Inferior

Superior

Lateral

Medial

Rostral

Palmar

Plantar

Prone

Supine

Body Planes

Transverse Plane

http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1023.html

The Skeletal

System

Bone Classification - Appearance

Bone Classification - Shape

Long Short

Flat Irregular

Bone Morphology

Foramen

Condyle

Meatus

Tuber(osity)

Process

Joints

http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/bone/compact_bone_histology.htm

AXIAL SKELETON= skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum

AXIAL SKELETON= skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum

APPENDICULAR SKELETON= bones that make up the appendages

AXIAL SKELETON= skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

= bones that make up the appendages

Pectoral limb – arms, forelegs, wings and the scapula

Pelvic limb – legs or hind legs and the pelvis

Pectoral limb – arms, forelegs, wings and the scapula

humerus radius ulna scapula

carpals metacarpals phalanges sesamoids

Pelvic limb – legs or hind legs and the pelvis

pelvis femur tibia fibula patella fabella

tarsals metatarsals phalanges

BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT

BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT

• Fusion and elimination of bones

BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT

• Fusion and elimination of bones

• Pneumatization

BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT

• Fusion and elimination of bones

• Pneumatization

• Keeled sternum

BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT

• Fusion and elimination of bones

• Pneumatization

• Keeled sternum

• Scapula: narrow, flat rod

BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT

• Fusion and elimination of bones

• Pneumatization

• Keeled sternum

• Scapula: narrow, flat rod

• Skeletal muscle differences