Anatomy Chapt.1

Anatomical Terminology

What plane is this?

Right hypochondriacEpigastricLeft hypochondriacRight lumbar UmbilicalLeft lumbarRight iliacHypogastricLeft iliac

AB

C

DE

F

H IG

RUQ LUQ

LLQRLQ

PLAYDOUGH ACTIVITY-MAKE A SMALL VERSION OF A HUMAN BODY

MARK OUT REGIONSPLANESQUADRANTS

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Root and suffix

Lip / emiaRoot – fat suffix – blood condition

Meaning: condition of fat in the blood

Hyper / lip / emiaPrefix-excessive root-fat suffix-blood condition

Prefix is used to further modify the root.Definition: Excessive fat in the blood.

ADDITIONAL ROOTS

Hyper / lip / o / protein/ emia root vowel root

Definition: excessive amount of fat and protein in the blood.

COMBINING VOWELS AND COMBINING FORMS

Vowel links the two root words to allow easier pronunciation.

o= combining vowel (most common)i=combining vowel

Rules for Forming and Spelling Medical Terms

1. A combining vowel is used to join root to root as well as root to any suffix beginning with a consonant.

Electr + cardi + gramElectr/o/cardi/o/gram = electrical record of the

heart

2. A combining vowel is not used before a suffix that begins with a vowel:

Vas + ectomyVas/ectomy

Vas = vesselEctomy = escision excision of a vessel

3. If the root ends in a vowel and the suffix begins with the same vowel, drop the final vowel from the root and do not use a combining vowel:

Cardi + itisRoot(heart) suffix (inflammation)Card/itis inflammation of the heart

4. Most often, a combining vowel is inserted between two roots even when the second root begins with a vowel.

Cardi + esophag + ealRoot root suffixHeart esophagus pertaining toCardi/o/esophageal (pertaining to the heart

and esophagus)

5. Occasionally, when a prefix ends in a vowel and the root begins with a vowel, the final vowel is dropped from the prefix.

Para + enter + alPrefix root suffixAlongside of intestine pertaining toPar/enter/al = parenteralPertaining to alongside of the intestine

Defining Medical Terms Through Word Structure Analysis

Interpret the suffix first, then prefix, then the roots.

Peri / card / itis

Prefix root suffixAround heart

inflammationPericarditis – inflammation around the heart.

Review

1. A _________ is used to join root to root as well as root to any suffix beginning with a consonant.

2. A combining vowel is not used before a suffix that begins with a ___________.

3. If the root ends in a ______ and the suffix begins with the same ________, drop the final vowel from the root and do not use a combining vowel.

1. Angi + ectasis = angi/ectasis2. Hemat + logy = hematology3. Oste + ectomy = ostectomy4. Electr + encephal + gram =

electroencephalogram5. Arteri + it is = arteritis6. Gastr + tomy = gastrotomy

Pronunciation

C (before a,o,u) = k ex. Colon, cavity, cureC (before e,i) = s ex. Cephalic, cirrhosisCh = k ex. CholesterolG (before a,o,u) = g ex. Gallstone, gonad,

gurneyG (before e,i) = j ex. Generic, giantPh=f ex. PhasePn=n ex. PneumoniaPs=s ex. PsychologyPt=t ptosis

Rh=r ex. Rhythm

Rrh=r ex. Hemorrhoid

X=z (as first letter) ex. xerosis

Singular and Plural FormsSingularEnding:example: -a vertebra-is diagnosis-ma condyloma-on phenomenon-um bacterium-us fungus-ax thorax-ex apex-ix appendix-y myopathy

Plural FormEnding example-ae vertebrae-es diagnoses-mata condylomata-a phenomena-a bacteria-i fungi-aces thoraces-ices apices-ices appendices-ies myopathies

Quick study referencePractice worksheet

With the person you are sitting with.Create five words of your own, using the prefixes

and suffixes we just learned. (use your own root word)

Packet: Medical Terminology