Anatomy ofThe Heart

Cholesterol Tests and Treatments

Malfunctions Cardiac Conduction

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How many chambers are in the heart? What are they called?

4; Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Right Atrium, Right Ventricle

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Which chamber is the most muscular and why?

Left ventricle; It pumps blood throughout the body

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Where does blood enter the heart?

Superior and Inferior Vena Cavas,

Pulmonary veins

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Name the valves of the heart

Bicuspid, Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Aortic

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Draw the flow of blood through the heart

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What is the optimal range of LDL and HDL?

LDL: <100HDL: >60

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From what foods can you get (un)saturated fats?

Saturated fat- found in animals products, processed food, meats,

dairy, chips, and pastriesUnsaturated fat- found in nuts

avocados, and olives

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What causes high cholesterol?

Environmental causes- bad diet and lack of exercise

Genetic causes- having FH (Familial Cholesterolemia)

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Name 3/5 functions of cholesterol

Produces bile acidsPrecursor to all natural steroids

Precursor to Vitamin DLimiting factor in brain synapses

Critical component in cell membranes

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Compare and Contrast LDL and HDL

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LDL HDLFull Name

Low Density Lipoproteins High Density Lipoproteins

Size Larger (carry more cholesterol)

Smaller (carry more proteins)

Myth Bad Cholesterol Good CholesterolReality Transports cholesterol to

the cells as necessary to function

Removes excess cholesterol from the blood stream to the liver- converted to bile acids

Risk High LDL Low HDLOptimal <100 >60

Where can you easily find a pulse?BE SPECIFIC

Wrist - RadialNeck – Carotid

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What is blood pressure?What is used to test it?

The pressure exerted on arterial walls from the movement of blood

A sphygmomanometer

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What do electrocardiograms test?

EKGs measure the movement of electricity as it flows through the heart

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List the interventions for atherosclerosis

~Angioplasty~Stenting

~Coronary Bypass

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What does MAP measure?

Adequacy of blood getting to vital organs

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What is angina and heart murmur?

Angina – chest painHeart murmur – irregular

heartbeat

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What is myocardial infarction?

The death of heart tissue(heart attack)

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What is hypertension?

Abnormally high blood pressure

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What is atherosclerosis?

Build up of plaque on arterial walls

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What is Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

A genetic disorder that causes cholesterol level to be severely

high

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What do “SA” and “AV” stand for?

Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular

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Label EKG

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What happens at each point?

P– Atrial contractionQRS– Ventricular contractionT– Ventricular repolarization

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Name the parts of the conduction system

SA Node, AV Node, Purkinje Fibers

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How many times does the heart beat a year?

35 million beats per year

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